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Tetsu-to-Hagané
Vol. 110 (2024), No. 6

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 110 (2024), No. 6

Grid List Abstracts

ONLINE ISSN:	1883-2954
PRINT ISSN:	0021-1575
Publisher:	The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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Vol. 110 (2024)
1. No.6
2. No.5
3. No.4
4. No.3
5. No.2
6. No.1
Vol. 109 (2023)
1. No.12
2. No.11
3. No.10
4. No.9
5. No.8
6. No.7
7. No.6
8. No.5
9. No.4
10. No.3
11. No.2
12. No.1
Vol. 108 (2022)
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6. No.7
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8. No.5
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12. No.1
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12. No.1
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12. No.1
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Vol. 81 (1995)
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Vol. 80 (1994)
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29 Apr. (Last 30 Days)

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 110 (2024), No. 6

Preface to the Special Issue “Recent Developments to Visualization and Sensing of Slag for Better Understanding of Multi-Phase Melts Flow”

Noritaka Saito

pp. 427-428

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.110.427

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Article Title

Preface to the Special Issue “Recent Developments to Visualization and Sensing of Slag for Better Understanding of Multi-Phase Melts Flow”

Bibtex

Ris

Estimation of Flow Properties and Process Simulation on Multiphase Melts

Yoshihiko Higuchi, Shin-ichi Shimasaki, Shigeru Ueda, Noritaka Saito

pp. 429-440

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2023-103

Abstract

In the process of steelmaking refining, slag used in the preliminary treatment of molten iron or the converter is a multiphase melt. It contains solid particles that cannot dissolve entirely from the raw materials and gas bubbles generated through reactions, thus making it a multiphase molten material with dispersed components. The flow characteristics of the suspensions, foams, and emulsions significantly affect the separation of iron particles in the slag and the behavior of slag discharge. Multiphase melts typically behave as non-Newtonian fluids, so the evaluation, focusing on viscosity, is crucial to understanding their flow characteristics. This report reviews recent advances in slag visualization techniques for understanding the flow of multiphase molten materials. The results are as follows:

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Article Title

Estimation of Flow Properties and Process Simulation on Multiphase Melts

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Measurement of Bubble Size Distribution and Generation Position of Bubbles Generated during Smelting Reduction of Iron Oxide-containing

Ko-ichiro Ohno, Taiga Eguchi, Tatsuya Kon

pp. 441-451

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2023-093

Abstract

Slag foaming is a phenomenon caused by the generation of CO bubbles due to the reaction between iron oxide in slag and carbon in pig iron. The purpose of this study is to explore the controlling factors of slag foaming by observing the bubble formation behavior caused by the chemical reaction between iron oxide and Fe-C alloy in slag. 0.06 g of Fe-C alloy was charged to the bottom of the BN crucible, and 6.0 g of slag (SiO₂:CaO:Fe₂O₃ = 40:40:30) was charged on top of it. The crucible was placed in an infrared image heating furnace, and the temperature was rapidly raised to 1370°C at a rate of 1000°C/min in a N₂ stream, then held for a predetermined time and rapidly cooled. After rapidly cooling, the internal structure of the sample was observed using a high-resolution X-ray CT device. The spherical equivalent volume is calculated based on the number of bubbles observed and their equivalent circle diameter, and the relationship between the volume ratio of small bubbles in the slag volume and the distance from the bottom of the crucible is calculated, and the bubble density and volume ratio are calculated. It was suggested that the value tends to increase as the distance from the bottom of the crucible increases.

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Article Title

Measurement of Bubble Size Distribution and Generation Position of Bubbles Generated during Smelting Reduction of Iron Oxide-containing

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Viscosity Measurement of CaO-SiO₂-Fe_xO Foaming Slag at 1673 K

Yoshiyuki Egashira, Noritaka Saito, Kunihiko Nakashima

pp. 452-462

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-008

Abstract

Foaming slag generated in the steelmaking process, especially in hot-metal pretreatment and electric arc furnaces, is a gas-liquid coexistent fluid with CO gas generated by the interfacial reaction between slag containing iron oxide and hot metal or carbonaceous materials. In addition, it is essential to understand the flow behavior of foaming slag during slag-tapping and the sedimentation behavior of iron particles, which affects iron yield, and to expand our knowledge of the viscosity of gas-liquid coexisting fluids for CFD modeling of these phenomena. In the present study, the apparent viscosity of a foaming slag was systematically investigated, which was generated by reacting CaO-SiO₂-Fe_xO slag with Fe-C alloy and varying the composition, gas phase ratio, and shear rate of the slag. By adding Fe-C alloy powder to the slag, bubbles were continuously generated in the molten slag, and foaming slag suitable for viscosity measurement could be prepared. It was found that the higher the amount of Fe-C alloy powder, the larger the gas phase ratio of the foaming slag due to an increase in the number of bubbles generated. The relative viscosity of the foaming slag was found to increase with the gas phase ratio. The higher the rotation speed, the smaller the relative viscosity of the foaming slag indicating shear-thinning characteristics. The relationship between shear rate and shear stress calculated from the viscosity of the foaming slag did not show general non-Newtonian fluid behavior.

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Viscosity Measurement of CaO-SiO₂-Fe_xO Foaming Slag at 1673 K

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Hydrodynamic Behavior of Sphere Penetrating into Water Bath Covered with Oil Layer

Satoshi Hasui, Yoshihiko Higuchi

pp. 463-472

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2023-075

Abstract

To meet the increasing demand for low-impurity steel products, powder top blowing has been applied to the steelmaking process. Powder reagents penetrating deeper into the molten metal lead to longer resident time and higher efficiency of refining. Many studies have been performed on the basis of cold model experiments with a single liquid phase for clarifying the penetration behavior of the particle. However, the effects of the second liquid phase have been reported little whereas molten slag often exists on the surface of molten metal in the steelmaking process.

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Hydrodynamic Behavior of Sphere Penetrating into Water Bath Covered with Oil Layer

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Terminal Settling Velocity of Particle in Suspension

Shin-ichi Shimasaki, Shigeru Ueda, Noritaka Saito

pp. 473-482

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2023-111

Abstract

In the steel making process, most slags and fluxes often contain solids phase such as CaO. It is well known that the suspension in which solid phase are suspended has higher viscosity than that of pure matrix liquid. Therefore, it is expected that the viscosity of slag containing solid phase will increase. In this study, terminal settling velocity of particle in suspension has been measured. The suspensions consist of silicone oil matrix and polyethylene beads, and the settling particles are bearing balls made of stainless steel. As a result of the higher viscosity of suspension, the terminal settling velocity of bearing ball becomes slower than that in pure silicone oil. It was clarified that the retardation of the terminal velocity and the increasing of drag coefficient depend only on the volume fraction of solid phase (the polyethylene beads) of the suspension, and it is independent of the size of the suspended beads and the viscosity of the matrix liquid. A correlation equation for predicting the drag coefficient of particles in suspension was proposed.

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Terminal Settling Velocity of Particle in Suspension

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Apparent Viscosity Measurement of Gas-liquid Multiphase Fluids by the Falling Ball Method

Yusaku Mita, Takayuki Iwama, Huafang Yu, Shin-ichi Shimasaki, Noritaka Saito, Ryo Inoue, Shigeru Ueda

pp. 483-493

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2023-033

Abstract

The recovery rate of iron is reduced if iron particles suspended in the refining slag do not sediment. The sedimentation rate of particle iron in the foaming slag is slower than in the slag in the single-phase liquid. Iron particles are especially likely to remain in the foaming slag. To predict the sedimentation rate of iron particles in the slag, it is necessary to derive an accurate viscosity of the foaming slag. However, it is difficult to estimate an appropriate value because the state of gas-liquid multiphase fluid changes the condition with time. Its apparent viscosity varies depending on the measurement method because it is a non-Newtonian fluid. In this study, to understand the sedimentation behavior of iron particles in foaming slag, a gas-liquid multiphase fluid was generated by glycerin solution. Its apparent viscosity was estimated by the Stokes equation using the falling-ball method. The sedimentation rate of stainless steel, titanium, and glass balls with a diameter of 2 mm were measured in a glycerin aqueous solution gas-liquid fluid. The sedimentation rate was non-uniform because the gas-liquid fluid's state differed depending on the position. The apparent viscosity of the fluid increased with an increase in the gas phase ratio. The variation of apparent viscosity with the conditions of the falling-ball method was also discussed. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the present results and the apparent viscosity measured by the rotational technique.

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Apparent Viscosity Measurement of Gas-liquid Multiphase Fluids by the Falling Ball Method

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Settling of Particle in Foaming Slag

Shin-ichi Shimasaki, Shigeru Ueda, Noritaka Saito, Kenji Katoh

pp. 494-502

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2023-101

Abstract

In the steelmaking process, molten slag is foamed through gas injection and gas generation reactions, and molten iron droplets get mixed and trapped in the slag. A settling velocity of an iron droplet in the foaming slag are very important, because a residence time of an iron droplet in the slag is directly calculated the settling velocity. According to the previous research, the settling velocity is expected to be slower than in regular non-foaming slag. However, it has yet to be quantitatively clarified. This study measured the settling velocities of particles through a foaming liquid of glycerin-water solution. A dimensionless correlation equation for particle settling velocity in the formed liquid was proposed by conducting a dimensional analysis of the experimental data. Using the obtained equation, we have predicted the settling velocity of iron particles in the foaming slag. It was clarified that the settling velocity of iron particles is highly affected by a volume fraction of gas phase in the foaming slag. There is a certain threshold for the velocity, and the velocity abruptly became zero when it falls below that threshold.

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Settling of Particle in Foaming Slag

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Rupture of Thin Film of Surfactant Solution due to Penetration of Spherical Particle

Kenji Katoh, Tatsuro Wakimoto

pp. 503-511

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2023-098

Abstract

We experimentally investigated the rupture conditions of a thin film of an aqueous surfactant solution when a spherical particle with a finite falling velocity penetrates the film. When the sphere passes through the film, the film wraps around the sphere, and a gas layer is maintained between the film and the spherical surface. When the velocity of the sphere is small, perforation occurs in the wrapping film below the equator of the sphere and the contact line moves along on the sphere surface. The energy instability occurs at a certain position of the contact line on the sphere surface, leading to rupture of the entire thin film. As the sphere velocity is increased, the perforation of the wrapping film occurs above the equator. In this condition, the probability of thin film rupture increases, since the perforation of the wrapping film immediately leads to rupture of the entire film. The motion of the gas between the thin film and the spherical surface was considered analytically from the balance between surface tension and viscous force. According to the result, the velocity condition above which the wrapping thin film could exist beyond the equator of the sphere was evaluated.

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Rupture of Thin Film of Surfactant Solution due to Penetration of Spherical Particle

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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 110 (2024), No. 6

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仁井谷 冷却 camp-isij

high carbon steel crack corner

cao sio2 slag co2 aging

cu 脆化 ni

embr

仁井谷

鋼塊 欠陥

01/2000

1994

316 二軸引張

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 110 (2024), No. 6

Preface to the Special Issue “Recent Developments to Visualization and Sensing of Slag for Better Understanding of Multi-Phase Melts Flow”

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Estimation of Flow Properties and Process Simulation on Multiphase Melts

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Measurement of Bubble Size Distribution and Generation Position of Bubbles Generated during Smelting Reduction of Iron Oxide-containing

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Viscosity Measurement of CaO-SiO2-FexO Foaming Slag at 1673 K

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Hydrodynamic Behavior of Sphere Penetrating into Water Bath Covered with Oil Layer

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Terminal Settling Velocity of Particle in Suspension

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Apparent Viscosity Measurement of Gas-liquid Multiphase Fluids by the Falling Ball Method

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Settling of Particle in Foaming Slag

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Rupture of Thin Film of Surfactant Solution due to Penetration of Spherical Particle

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Contents

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Editorial Board and Copyright Page

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Article Access Ranking

Interactions between interstitial and substitutional elements of solute diatomic and triatomic clusters in α-Fe from first-principles calculations

Effect of Wettability on Droplet Agglomeration in Two Immiscible Liquids

Thermodynamic Analysis on Slag/Metal Reactions in Steelmaking Process Using Direct Reduced Iron and Steel Scraps

Molecular dynamics of solidification

Production of silicon by microwave heating

Basic Study on Flow Behavior of Molten Steel in a Continuous Casting Machine in the Presence of Static Magnetic Field Parallel to the Slab Width Direction

Representative Technologies for Hot Charging and Direct Rolling in Global Steel Industry

Creep of a Die-Cast Mg–5Al–2Ca Alloy: An Overview

Cold Spot Joining of Galvannealed DP 780 MPa Steel Sheets

Effects of Retained Austenite upon Softening during Low-temperature Tempering in Martensitic Carbon Steels

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仁井谷冷却 camp-isij

鋼塊欠陥

Viscosity Measurement of CaO-SiO₂-Fe_xO Foaming Slag at 1673 K