- TOP
- Tetsu-to-Hagané
- Vol. 49 (1963), No. 2
Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 49 (1963), No. 2
Grid List Abstracts
ONLINE ISSN: | 1883-2954 |
PRINT ISSN: | 0021-1575 |
Publisher: | The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan |
Backnumber
-
Vol. 110 (2024)
-
Vol. 109 (2023)
-
Vol. 108 (2022)
-
Vol. 107 (2021)
-
Vol. 106 (2020)
-
Vol. 105 (2019)
-
Vol. 104 (2018)
-
Vol. 103 (2017)
-
Vol. 102 (2016)
-
Vol. 101 (2015)
-
Vol. 100 (2014)
-
Vol. 99 (2013)
-
Vol. 98 (2012)
-
Vol. 97 (2011)
-
Vol. 96 (2010)
-
Vol. 95 (2009)
-
Vol. 94 (2008)
-
Vol. 93 (2007)
-
Vol. 92 (2006)
-
Vol. 91 (2005)
-
Vol. 90 (2004)
-
Vol. 89 (2003)
-
Vol. 88 (2002)
-
Vol. 87 (2001)
-
Vol. 86 (2000)
-
Vol. 85 (1999)
-
Vol. 84 (1998)
-
Vol. 83 (1997)
-
Vol. 82 (1996)
-
Vol. 81 (1995)
-
Vol. 80 (1994)
-
Vol. 79 (1993)
-
Vol. 78 (1992)
-
Vol. 77 (1991)
-
Vol. 76 (1990)
-
Vol. 75 (1989)
-
Vol. 74 (1988)
-
Vol. 73 (1987)
-
Vol. 72 (1986)
-
Vol. 71 (1985)
-
Vol. 70 (1984)
-
Vol. 69 (1983)
-
Vol. 68 (1982)
-
Vol. 67 (1981)
-
Vol. 66 (1980)
-
Vol. 65 (1979)
-
Vol. 64 (1978)
-
Vol. 63 (1977)
-
Vol. 62 (1976)
-
Vol. 61 (1975)
-
Vol. 60 (1974)
-
Vol. 59 (1973)
-
Vol. 58 (1972)
-
Vol. 57 (1971)
-
Vol. 56 (1970)
-
Vol. 55 (1969)
-
Vol. 54 (1968)
-
Vol. 53 (1967)
-
Vol. 52 (1966)
-
Vol. 51 (1965)
-
Vol. 50 (1964)
-
Vol. 49 (1963)
-
Vol. 48 (1962)
-
Vol. 47 (1961)
-
Vol. 46 (1960)
-
Vol. 45 (1959)
-
Vol. 44 (1958)
-
Vol. 43 (1957)
-
Vol. 42 (1956)
-
Vol. 41 (1955)
Keyword Ranking
12 Dec. (Last 30 Days)
Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 49 (1963), No. 2
On the Activity of Carbon in Molten Iron
Teinosuke YAGI, Yoichi ONO
pp. 133-138
Abstract
The knowledge of activity of the carbon in liquid iron is one of the most fundamental problems of iron-and steelmaking. But accurate values in the high-carbon range are not easily obtainable. because of experimental difficulties. So a statistical thermodynamical method was developed to estimate the activities in the whole system on the basis of available data.
Previous works assumed the “interstitial” model for the molten Fe-C system by analogy to austenite. Comparing the previous theory with experimental values, an inconsistency of the theory was found.
Paying special attention to the characteristics of liquid, that is, the absence of a long-range orderedness in the arrangement of atoms, the “substitutional” model was assumed which was in good agreement with experimental values in the whole system.
Activity of the Carbon and the Oxygen in Molten Iron-Nickel and Iron-Chromium Alloys
Kazuhiro GOTO, Shiro BAN-YA, Sachio MATOBA
pp. 138-143
Abstract
The equilibrinm of CO-CO2 gas mixture with the carbon and the oxygen in molten ironnickel and iron-chromium alloys was studied in the range of 0-100% Ni and 0-30% Cr at 1560°C, and following experimental results were obtained:
1. The relationships between the activity coefficients of the carbon or the oxygen and dissolved elements are expressed by the following equations.
∂logf (Ni) C/∂%Ni=0·011……<70%Ni
∂logf (Cr) C/∂%Cr=-0·033……<25%Cr
∂logf (Ni) o/∂%Ni=0·005……<60%Ni
2. The prodnct of the carbon and the oxygen in molten iron is decreased by addition of nickel, while it is increased by addition of chromium.
Behavior of Alloying Elements and Reacting Time in Consumable-Electrode Arc-Melting
Mamoru NISHIHARA, Yoshiro YAGI, Kiichi NARITA, Masao KURIHARA
pp. 144-148
Abstract
Since consumable-electrode arc-melting is carried out at a high temperature in vacuum, some alloying elements of high vapor-pressure should evaporate in this method. In many meltings the Mn content is decreased clearly, but the contents of Cu and Sn, which show a high vapor-pressure next to Mn, is not decreased noticeably. Analyses of adhered substances on the wall of a crucible make clear that the Cu and Sn also evaporate, elements remelt into molten pool as the melting proceeds is ascertained by pulling-down and a pulling-down arcmelting shows that the evaporated elements remelt into molten pool as the melting process goes on. It should be one reason for that Cu and Sn is not decreased noticeably.
Durations of molten state under various melting conditions calculated from the shapes of molten pools are found to be rather short. Therefore the molten metal shall be solidified before various reactions will have completed.
Effect of Addition of Ti and B on Mn-Si, Mn-Si-Cr and Mn-Si-Mo Steels
Eiichiro ASANO, Toru ISHIDA, Hideo TAN
pp. 149-154
Abstract
Effects of addition of Ti and B on Mn-Si, Mn-Si-Cr or Mn-Si-Mo structural steel were studied in this report III, while effects of B and Mo on Mn-Si and Mn-Si-Cr steel had been studied in the last report II (Tets-to-Hagane, 47 (1961) 4, p. 585-591).
There were 18 grades of specimens tested. The 1st group contained 6 grades of Mn-Si steel, the 2nd group contained 7 grades of Mn-Si-Cr steel and the 3rd group contained 5 grades of Mn-Si-Mo steel.
All samples were melted with a high-frequency induction furnace and cast into about 7kg ingots, and then forged or rolled down to 16 or 35mm_??_ bars.
Specimens were tested under various conditions such as air-cooling or furnace-cooling after heating and quench-and-tempering.
Tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and reduction of area were determined by tensile test. Hardness-test and microstructure-tests as well as Jominy-end-quenching test to investigate into hardenability of specimens were also made.
The results obtained were summarized as follows:
(1) Addition of B to Mn-Si steel containning 0·3% Ti, improved hardness, tensile strength and yield point, and decreased elongation and reduction of area only a little, under the condition of air-cooling or quench-and-tempering at a point higher than 600°C.
(2) Effects of adding B to Mn-Si-Cr steel with 0·3% Ti on mechanical properties were not recognized apparently.
(3) Addition of B (0·0025-0·0050%) to Mn-Si-Mo steel containning 0·13% Ti was effective on improvement of hardness and tensile strength, while decrease of elongation and reduction of area was slight. This tendency was very evident in the condilion of tempering, especially.
(4) Ti should be treated as a deoxidizer or denitrider. From the viewpoint of mechanical properties, Ti content should be less than 0·3% in Mn-Si-Cr and Mn-Si-Mo steels.
From the viewpoint of hardenability, Ti content should be less than 0.1% in both Mn-Si steel and Mn-Si-Mo steels.
(5) Addition of B improved hardenability of Mn-Si, Mn-Si-Cr and Mn-Si-Mo steels.
Readers Who Read This Article Also Read
Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.49(1963), No.5
Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.54(1968), No.9
Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.53(1967), No.7
Vacuum-Melted Bearing Steels
Manabu UENO, Hirooki NAKJIMA, Sadao IKEDA
pp. 155-160
Abstract
The following studies were made for bearing steels which were melted in air (1 cast), melted in vacuum with an induction furnace (2 casts), and melted in vacuum with a consumable-electrode arc furnace (2 casts) respectively.
Comparing the content of non-metallic inclusions in five casts of these three melting processes with each other by means of point counting, the inclusion content in vacuummelted steels was decreased to about half of that in air-melted steels, and B type inclusion was especially decreased. Moreover, gas content was decreased markedly.
In metallographic tests, both the size and its deviation of carbide in vacuum-melted steels were a little smaller than that in air-melted steel. When the steels were austenitized, there was no remarkable difference in the amount of retained carbide. In the steels which contained vanadium, dissolution of carbide was more difficult. After quenching the amount of retained austnite and the hardness were not different between five casts.
Life tests were carried out by using the thrust-type life test machine. Cycles to flaking are 1·65×106 in air-melted steels, 2·33×106 and 2·88×106 in two casts of vacuum induction-melted steels respectively, and 2·01×107 and 6·66×106 in two casts of consumable-electrode vacuum arc-melted steels respectively. With regerd to the standard deviations of logarithm of life cycles, vacuum induction-melted steels were inferior to air-melted steels, but vacuum arcmelted steels was superior. Therefore, it seemed that consumable-electrode vacuum arc-melted steels were superior to vacuum induction-melted and air-melted steels for the bearing uses.
Effect of Heat Treatment on High-Temperature Strength of A286 Alloy
Taro HASEGAWA, Fukunaga TERASAKI
pp. 160-165
Abstract
In order to improve the high-temperature strength of the heat-resistant alloy A286, it was suggested from the previous work (Zairyo Shiken, 10 (1961) No. 90, p. 70; Tetsu-to-Hagané, not yet published) that grain boundary precipitates such as G phase (Ni13Si6Ti8) and η phase (Ni3Ti) had to be eliminated by proper selections of heat treatment and/or chemical composition. From a point of view as abovementioned, the effect of heat treatment on the high-temperature strength was investigated in the present work. Solution temperatures were varied from 900°C to 1100°C and aging temperatures were selected at 650°C and 718°C. Creep rupture tests and short-time tensile tests at 650°C were carried out. X-ray diffraction was tested and an electron-microscope was used for the study of microstructures.
The results obtained showed that the grain boundary precipitates diminished with increasing solution temperature and decreasing aging temperature, and the high-temperature strength was increased with disappearance of grain boundary precipitates. In the microstructures as heat-treated with using a solution-temperature higher than 1040°C and an aging temperature of 718°C, precipitations of TiC with various flake-type morphology were observed at grain boundaries. These precipitates, however, seemed to have little effect on the high temperature strength.
Effect of Manganese on High-Temperature Properties of N-155 Alloy
Renpei YODA, Heitaro YOSHIDA, Yuuichi SATO
pp. 166-173
Abstract
For the purpose of finding some low-cost alloys that resist to rupture at high stress at a temperature of 700-900°C, heat-resisting high-manganese steels in which part of nickel was replaced by manganese were investigated. Even if part of 10% Ni in 20% Ni content was replaced by 10% Mn, the creep rupture strength of 10% Mn alloy containing proper amount of carbon, and nitrogen was superior to that of N-155 alloy, and the high-manganese steels showed the least problems that might be posed by forging of high-alloy steels.
The reason was based on the fact that the 10% Mn alloy containing high carbon or high nitrogen could be forged, because the deformation resistance became lower as the manganese content was increased and therefore the alloy with the excellent forgeability could be prepared therewith. The alloy containing about 4% Mn had the longest creep rupture life.
But if the carbon content in 10% Mn alloy was increased to 0·48%, or the nitrogen content in it was increased to 0·38%, the rupture life became very longer and was equal to that of 4% Mn alloy at 700°C, and alloy that was more excellent in creep strength than N-155 alloy was obtained.
In this case, the creep rupture life of 10% Mn alloy at 700°C became longer by addition of vanadium or phosphorus, but the effects of these elements disappeared with the alloy at above 800°C. At 700°C, the rupture life of 10% Mn alloy containing phosphorus became about four times as long as that of the alloy without phosphorus addition, but the rupture elongation became lower. The oxidation-resistance was found to be less worse as the manganese content was increased, but remarkably worse by addition of vanadium or phosphorus.
Therefore, these alloying elements had a harmful effect on forgeability of the alloy, and there was a possibility of generation of cracking when the alloy containing phosphorus was forged. The best chemical composition of a high-manganese alloy obtained from the above facts was as follows:
C 0·21%, Cr 19·96%, Ni 9·52%, Co 20·13%, Mn 9·91%, Mo 3·01%, W 2·79%,
Cb 0·97%, N 0·38%, P 0·012%, Si 0·10%, O2 4·6 p. p. m.
Current Topics on the Potential Uses of Uranium in Ferrous Metallurgy
Masayoshi HASEGAWA, Ichiro ONODA
pp. 174-194
Results of Research on Structure and Efficiency of Hot Stoves
pp. 195-224
Readers Who Read This Article Also Read
Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.47(1961), No.1
Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.48(1962), No.11
Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.64(1978), No.4
Article Access Ranking
12 Dec. (Last 30 Days)
-
Precipitation Behavior of MnS from Molten Iron to Al2O3 during Solidification
Tetsu-to-Hagané Advance Publication
-
In-situ Observation of Precipitation and Growth of MnS Inclusions during Solidification of a High Sulfur Steel
ISIJ International Advance Publication
-
Molecular dynamics simulation of viscosity of the CaO, MgO and Al2O3 melts
ISIJ International Advance Publication
-
Reduction and Melting Behaviors of Iron Oxide Composite with Carbon Deposited Using CO-CO2-H2 Mixed Gas
ISIJ International Advance Publication
-
SOKD: A soft optimization knowledge distillation scheme for surface defects identification of hot-rolled strip
ISIJ International Advance Publication
-
Transition behavior of gas containing suspension from solid-like to liquid-like flows
ISIJ International Advance Publication
-
A hot rolling full process rolling force prediction method based on transfer learning and Inception-LSTM neural network
ISIJ International Advance Publication
-
Slag-steel reactions in the refining of Advanced High-Strength Steel
ISIJ International Advance Publication
-
Preface to the Special Issue on “Advances in TRIP Effect Research”
ISIJ International Vol.61(2021), No.2
-
Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior in Severely Cold-Rolled Fe–Ni–Al–C Alloys with Lüders Deformation —Overview with Recent Experimental Results—
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS Vol.64(2023), No.7
You can use this feature after you logged into the site.
Please click the button below.