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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 108 (2022), No. 8

ISIJ International
belloff

Grid List Abstracts
ONLINE ISSN: 1883-2954
PRINT ISSN: 0021-1575
Publisher: The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

Backnumber

  1. Vol. 110 (2024)

    1. No.6
    2. No.5
    3. No.4
    4. No.3
    5. No.2
    6. No.1

  2. Vol. 109 (2023)

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    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
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    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  3. Vol. 108 (2022)

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    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
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    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  4. Vol. 107 (2021)

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    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
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  5. Vol. 106 (2020)

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  6. Vol. 105 (2019)

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  7. Vol. 104 (2018)

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  8. Vol. 103 (2017)

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  9. Vol. 102 (2016)

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  10. Vol. 101 (2015)

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  11. Vol. 100 (2014)

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  12. Vol. 99 (2013)

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  13. Vol. 98 (2012)

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  14. Vol. 97 (2011)

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  15. Vol. 96 (2010)

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  16. Vol. 95 (2009)

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  17. Vol. 94 (2008)

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  18. Vol. 93 (2007)

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  19. Vol. 92 (2006)

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  20. Vol. 91 (2005)

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  21. Vol. 90 (2004)

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  22. Vol. 89 (2003)

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  23. Vol. 88 (2002)

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  24. Vol. 87 (2001)

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  25. Vol. 86 (2000)

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  26. Vol. 85 (1999)

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  27. Vol. 84 (1998)

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  28. Vol. 83 (1997)

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  29. Vol. 82 (1996)

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  30. Vol. 81 (1995)

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  31. Vol. 80 (1994)

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  32. Vol. 79 (1993)

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  33. Vol. 78 (1992)

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  34. Vol. 77 (1991)

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  35. Vol. 76 (1990)

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  36. Vol. 75 (1989)

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  37. Vol. 74 (1988)

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  38. Vol. 73 (1987)

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  39. Vol. 72 (1986)

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  40. Vol. 71 (1985)

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  41. Vol. 70 (1984)

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  42. Vol. 69 (1983)

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  43. Vol. 68 (1982)

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  44. Vol. 67 (1981)

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  45. Vol. 66 (1980)

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  46. Vol. 65 (1979)

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  47. Vol. 64 (1978)

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  48. Vol. 63 (1977)

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  49. Vol. 62 (1976)

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  50. Vol. 61 (1975)

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  51. Vol. 60 (1974)

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  52. Vol. 59 (1973)

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  53. Vol. 58 (1972)

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  54. Vol. 57 (1971)

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  55. Vol. 56 (1970)

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  56. Vol. 55 (1969)

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  57. Vol. 54 (1968)

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  58. Vol. 53 (1967)

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  59. Vol. 52 (1966)

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  60. Vol. 51 (1965)

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  61. Vol. 50 (1964)

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  62. Vol. 49 (1963)

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  63. Vol. 48 (1962)

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  64. Vol. 47 (1961)

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  65. Vol. 46 (1960)

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  66. Vol. 45 (1959)

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  67. Vol. 44 (1958)

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  68. Vol. 43 (1957)

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  69. Vol. 42 (1956)

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  70. Vol. 41 (1955)

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Keyword Ranking

27 Apr. (Last 30 Days)

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 108 (2022), No. 8

Preface to the Special Issue “High Temperature Production of Clean Alloyed Steel”

Takahiro Miki

pp. 439-439

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.108.439

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Preface to the Special Issue “High Temperature Production of Clean Alloyed Steel”

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Phase Relationship and Activities of Components in CaO-SiO2-Cr2O3 Ternary System at 1573 K

Kodai Iwahashi, Shuji Hashimoto, Ryohei Yamauchi, Keijiro Saito, Masakatsu Hasegawa

pp. 440-448

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-070

Abstract

The knowledge of Cr2O3 activity in slag is necessary to decarburize chromium-containing special steel while minimizing the oxidation loss of chromium. In the present study, firstly, the phase relationship in the CaO-SiO2-Cr2O3 system was determined at 1573 K. Subsequently, the Cr2O3 activities in two- and three-phase coexisting slags at 1573 K were measured by equilibrating molten copper with oxide phases under a stream of Ar + H2 + CO2 gas mixtures, and the Gibbs energy changes of the formations of CaCr2O4 and Ca3Cr2Si3O12 were derived. It was found that the present results were compatible with the phase diagram and the literature data reported at higher temperature than 1573 K.

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Phase Relationship and Activities of Components in CaO-SiO2-Cr2O3 Ternary System at 1573 K

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Determination of Solubility of Chromium Oxide in the CaO–SiO2–Cr2O3 Slag System at 1873 K under Moderately Reducing Conditions

Zhi Li, Chisei Kato, Yoshinao Kobayashi

pp. 449-454

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-119

Abstract

For a better thermodynamic understanding of the optimization of molten slag in the stainless-steel refining process, the solubility of chromium oxide in the CaO–SiO2–Cr2O3 slag system was investigated. A chemical equilibrium technique was employed in which molten slag and solid Cr2O3 pellets were equilibrated under a regulated oxygen partial pressure (PO2) lower than 10−11 atm at 1873 K. The mass ratio of CaO to SiO2 (XCaO/XSiO2), as an index of slag basicity, was varied from 0.5 to 1.5. A CO–CO2–Ar gas mixture was used, and the oxygen partial pressure was precisely controlled by evaluating possible contamination by oxygen that was inevitably introduced into the gas mixture system. A zirconia oxygen sensor was used to directly measure the oxygen partial pressure for this evaluation. The solubility of chromium oxide increased with decreasing slag basicity and oxygen partial pressure. Accordingly, slag design is a huge prospect toward achieving desirable refining conditions.

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Determination of Solubility of Chromium Oxide in the CaO–SiO2–Cr2O3 Slag System at 1873 K under Moderately Reducing Conditions

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Chemical State Analysis of Metal Oxides for Slag Control on Smelting of High-Quality Chromium Steel

Kozo Shinoda, Sohei Sukenaga

pp. 455-460

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-113

Abstract

The chemical states of Fe and Cr in CaO-SiO2-MgO based oxide glasses prepared assuming actual chromium steel slag with different compositions and different melting conditions were investigated using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measured by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and the valence ratios of each metal were determined. The results showed that the valence ratios changed depending on the oxygen partial pressure during melting, the basicity (CaO/SiO2 weight ratio), and the coexistence of Fe and Cr. It was also found that Fe was a two-component system with divalent and trivalent valences coexisting, while Cr had divalent, trivalent, and hexavalent valences, but only divalent and trivalent or trivalent and hexavalent valences coexisted. In particular, the effect of coexistence is complicated by the chemical states of Fe and Cr. The effect of MgO addition is not as large as that of metal oxide coexistence, but it is not only as a basic oxide. The usefulness of direct and quantitative analysis of metal chemical states by XAS was demonstrated.

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Chemical State Analysis of Metal Oxides for Slag Control on Smelting of High-Quality Chromium Steel

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Formation and Evolution of Inclusions in High Chromium Steel

Yoshihiko Higuchi, Hideki Ono, Katsuyoshi Okumoto

pp. 460-468

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-121

Abstract

Controlling inclusion content in high chromium steel is very important to prevent submerged entry nozzle from clogging in continuous casting and avoid the negative impacts of inclusions on steel properties. Therefore, effects of temperature and content of elements on phase stability diagram should be clarified in chromium bearing steel. However, the effect of chromium content on boundaries of MgO, MgO∙Al2O3 and Al2O3 in phase stability diagram are much different among the researchers. The direction of boundaries shift is affected by chromium content differently. Temperature dependencies of deoxidation equilibrium constants below 1873 K are also scattered. Calcium, which is used to avoid the negative effect of MgO∙Al2O3 inclusion, enlarges liquid region in phase stability diagram. However, the region replaced by liquid oxide is understood differently in low alloyed steel and high chromium steel. In TiOx-Al2O3-MgO system inclusion, commercial thermochemical software predicts that boundaries of Ti2O3, Ti3O5, Al2O3 and TiOx-Al2O3 shift toward lower titanium content in high chromium steel. However, the calculated phase stability diagrams vary among studies even in liquid iron or low alloyed steel. Therefore, equilibrium experiments under various conditions and reliable technique of thermodynamic calculation with high accuracy are desired.

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Formation and Evolution of Inclusions in High Chromium Steel

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Experimental Measurements and Numerical Analysis of Al Deoxidation Equilibrium of Molten Fe–Cr–Ni Alloy

Hiroshi Fukaya, Seika Nakajima, Jonah Gamutan, Shigeru Suzuki, Koji Kajikawa, Ken Saito, Takahiro Miki

pp. 469-478

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-111

Abstract

The aluminum deoxidation equilibrium in molten Fe-10 to 40 mass%Cr-8 mass%Ni and Fe-18 mass%Cr-8 to 30 mass%Ni alloys was experimentally determined at 1 873 K and 1 773 K to obtain the thermodynamic parameters at both temperatures, corresponding to the refining and casting processes, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis on Al deoxidation was carried out based on the sub-regular solution model using a Redlich–Kister type polynomial. Fe–Al, Ni–Al, Cr–Al and Fe–Cr–Ni interaction parameters were obtained from experimental results and a thermodynamic assessment. Using these parameters, the Al deoxidation equilibrium over the complete composition range of the Fe–Ni alloy and in more than 50 mass%Fe of the Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni alloys can be calculated for the temperature ranges of both of the refining and casting processes.

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Experimental Measurements and Numerical Analysis of Al Deoxidation Equilibrium of Molten Fe–Cr–Ni Alloy

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Thermodynamic Conditions of MgO and MgO·Al2O3 Formation and Variation of Inclusions Formed in Fe-17 mass%Cr Steel at 1873 K

Katsuyoshi Okumoto, Kengo Kato, Hideki Ono, Yoshihiko Higuchi

pp. 479-490

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-120

Abstract

Demands for cleanliness of high chromium steel have been increasing. In steel refining process, aluminum is usually added in molten steel as a deoxidizing agent. As a result, such inclusions as alumina (Al2O3) and spinel (MgO∙Al2O3) are formed, which cause fatigue failures and surface defects. Therefore, it is important to understand the conditions of the inclusions which form in high chromium steel, and to reduce their harmful effects on steel qualities. In this work, to begin with, thermodynamic conditions of MgO and MgO∙Al2O3 formation in Fe-17 mass%Cr molten steel at 1873 K were investigated. The results showed that MgO is more stable in high chromium steel than in plain steel. The boundary of the stable condition of MgO and MgO∙Al2O3 shifts toward higher Al and lower Mg contents in high Cr steel. This cause is judged to be the effect of thermodynamic interaction between Cr and Mg. The interaction parameter of Cr on Mg was estimated to be 0.040 so that the boundary of stable condition of MgO and MgO∙Al2O3 can be explained. Moreover, phase stability diagram of Fe-Cr-Al-Ca-Mg-O system at 1873 K was developed to estimate the effect of chromium on the stable condition of MgO, MgO∙Al2O3 and CaO-MgO-Al2O3(l). Subsequently, the variations of inclusions which formed in Fe-17 mass%Cr molten steel were also investigated at 1873 K. The variations of inclusions in molten Fe-Cr steel were reasonably explained by considering the stable conditions of MgO and MgO∙Al2O3 investigated in this work.

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Thermodynamic Conditions of MgO and MgO·Al2O3 Formation and Variation of Inclusions Formed in Fe-17 mass%Cr Steel at 1873 K

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Dissolution Behavior of Mg and Ca from Dolomite Refractory into Al-killed Molten Steel

Ying Ren, Chunyang Liu, Xu Gao, Lifeng Zhang, Shigeru Ueda, Shin-ya Kitamura

pp. 491-500

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-114

Abstract

Dolomite refractories are widely used in the refining process of clean steel and are considered potential sources of Mg and Ca that form MgO·Al2O3 spinel and CaO-containing inclusions. In this study, dolomite refractories were immersed into Al-killed molten steel with either 0.05% Al or 0.25% Al. The dissolution behavior of Mg and Ca from the dolomite refractory was studied, and the inclusion transformation behavior was observed. The results revealed that MgO in the dolomite refractory was reduced by Al in the molten steel, and the Mg content depended on the Al content. On the contrary, CaO barely dissolved into the molten steel even though the Al content increased. After immersion in both the low Al (0.05% Al) and high Al (0.25% Al) steels, an interfacial layer consisting of solid MgO and liquid phase CaO–Al2O3–MgO was formed on the surface of the rods. The initial Al2O3 inclusions gradually changed into Al2O3 saturated MgO–Al2O3 spinel after 60 min in low-Al steel; but were quickly transformed into MgO-saturated MgO–Al2O3 spinel in high Al steel. No CaO-containing inclusions were detected in the molten steel regardless of the immersion time and Al content.

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Dissolution Behavior of Mg and Ca from Dolomite Refractory into Al-killed Molten Steel

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Deoxidation Equilibria of Fe–Mn–Al Melt with Al2O3 or MnAl2O4 at 1873 and 1773 K

Ryosuke Nishigaki, Hiroyuki Matsuura

pp. 501-508

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-129

Abstract

Deoxidation equilibria of Fe–Mn–Al melt with Al2O3 or MnAl2O4 were measured at 1773 K. Composition of melts doubly-saturated with Al2O3 and MnAl2O4 were also measured using a crucible comprising these two phases at 1873 or 1773 K. Equilibria with each solid oxide were analyzed using Wagner’s Interaction Parameter Formalism (WIPF). In the case of Al2O3 saturation, Al deoxidation curve at 1773 K was similar in shape to that at 1873 K, and the equilibrium oxygen content was approximately 1/3 of that at 1873 K. The deoxidation equilibria were reproduced using WIPF at the composition range above 0.1 mass%Al by using −0.32 as eOAl and 10−13.4 as the equilibrium constant of Al2O3 dissolution reaction, both of which were determined through analysis of measured results for Fe–(20 to 30) mass% Mn melt. In the case of MnAl2O4 saturation, accurate values of equilibrium constant were not obtained because of the relatively significant influence of oxygen analysis error. On the contrary, using compositions doubly-saturated with Al2O3 and MnAl2O4, valid values of the equilibrium constant of MnAl2O4 dissolution reaction, 10−15.4 and 10−17.7 at 1873 and 1773 K, respectively, could be determined.

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Deoxidation Equilibria of Fe–Mn–Al Melt with Al2O3 or MnAl2O4 at 1873 and 1773 K

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Morphology and Composition of Inclusions in Si-Mn Deoxidized Steel at the Solid-liquid Equilibrium Temperature

Jonah Gamutan, Takahiro Miki, Tetsuya Nagasaka

pp. 509-516

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2020-103

Abstract

Morphology and composition of inclusions change with temperature. However, besides the temperature conditions during steelmaking or continuous casting, other factors contributing to changes in the morphology and composition of inclusions during solidification are still unknown. In this study, the formation of complex inclusions in Si-Mn deoxidized steel after isothermal holding at the solid-liquid equilibrium temperature (TS) of steel was investigated.The typical inclusions found in the alloy were MnO-SiO2 based, spherically shaped and homogeneously distributed. With isothermal holding at the solid-liquid equilibrium temperature of steel, formation of a secondary SiO2-rich inclusion phase occurred. The changes in the composition of the inclusions depended on the manganese and silicon contents in the metal.The general mechanism of inclusion formation observed in this study can be divided into three steps: 1) the formation of primary MnO-SiO2 inclusions above the liquidus temperature when the steel is in a completely molten state as a result of the deoxidation process; 2) the nucleation of secondary inclusions as the molten steel becomes supersaturated with the solute elements while holding at the solid-liquid equilibrium temperature; and 3) the growth and coalescence of inclusions due to natural convection in the molten alloy. From this, the inclusions formed in Si-Mn deoxidized alloys held isothermally at the solid-liquid equilibrium temperature were of three types: primary MnO-SiO2 inclusions, secondary SiO2 inclusions and complex inclusions with both primary MnO-SiO2 inclusions and precipitated secondary SiO2 inclusions.

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Morphology and Composition of Inclusions in Si-Mn Deoxidized Steel at the Solid-liquid Equilibrium Temperature

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MnS Precipitation Behavior in MnO-SiO2 inclusion in Fe-Mn-Si-O-S Alloy System at Solid-liquid Coexistence Temperature

Jonah Gamutan, Takahiro Miki, Tetsuya Nagasaka

pp. 517-524

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-074

Abstract

With the emerging significance of creating an acicular ferrite microstructure to provide an optimum set of properties in steel, MnS precipitation behavior on a MnO-SiO2 inclusion at the solid-liquid coexistence temperature was experimentally investigated and thermodynamically elucidated in this study. Using a direct method of forming inclusions, alloy samples with varying sulfur concentrations [Fe-1.1Mn-0.10Si-0.05O-S (initial mass %); 0.005 to 0.031 initial mass % S] were prepared by holding at the solid-liquid coexistence temperature for 1 hour.In samples with less than 0.011 mass % sulfur, the formation of a MnO-SiO2 inclusion with a SiO2-rich precipitate was observed. Formation of SiO2 was described as a consequence of silicon enrichment in the liquid phase, which, under appropriate thermodynamic conditions, homogeneously precipitated and later on coalesced with the primary MnO-SiO2 phase. On the other hand, in samples with more than 0.022 mass % sulfur, heterogeneous precipitation of MnS along the boundary of the primary MnO-SiO2 inclusion and the alloy matrix was observed. Also, the SiO2-rich phase was found to disappear with increasing sulfur addition. Since the likelihood of heterogeneous nucleation is higher than homogeneous nucleation, it was assumed that MnS precipitation on the surface of the primary MnO-SiO2 and prevented the secondary SiO2-rich inclusion from coalescing with the existing MnO-SiO2 inclusion. This was also further validated for solute enrichment in the liquid phase, wherein MnS precipitation temperature was found to shift to higher temperatures in alloys with higher sulfur content.

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MnS Precipitation Behavior in MnO-SiO2 inclusion in Fe-Mn-Si-O-S Alloy System at Solid-liquid Coexistence Temperature

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Thermodynamics of Molten MnS-FeS and CrS-FeS System at 1843 K

Yan Lu, Takahiro Miki

pp. 525-534

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-115

Abstract

Phase equilibria in Fe-Mn-S and Fe-Cr-S ternary systems at 1843 K were investigated experimentally, respectively. The main characteristic of these two systems at 1843 K was confirmed to be a wide miscibility gap between two liquid phases: molten metal alloy phase and molten sulfide phase. Through metal/sulfide equilibrium method, activity of constituents in sulfide phase were determined in Fe-Mn-S and Fe-Cr-S systems separately. The activity curves of constituents in sulfide phase were estimated by utilizing regular solution model.

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Thermodynamics of Molten MnS-FeS and CrS-FeS System at 1843 K

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Thermodynamics of Molten MnS-CrS-FeS System at 1843 K

Yan Lu, Takahiro Miki

pp. 535-540

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-116

Abstract

Phase equilibria in Fe-Cr-Mn-S quaternary system at 1843 K were investigated experimentally. Two liquid phases: molten metal alloy phase and molten sulfide phase were in equilibrium in this system at 1843 K. The equilibrium relations between molten metal alloy and sulfide phases were experimentally measured. By using metal/sulfide equilibrium method, activity of constituents in molten MnS-CrS-FeS sulfide phase were determined. By utilizing regular solution model, activity curves of constituents in sulfide phase were estimated.

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Thermodynamics of Molten MnS-CrS-FeS System at 1843 K

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Thermodynamics of Solid and Liquid MnS-CrS-FeS Phase in Equilibrium with Molten Fe-Cr-Mn-S Alloy

Yan Lu, Takahiro Miki

pp. 541-551

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-117

Abstract

Thermodynamic property of solid MnS-CrS-FeS system was determined based on the combination between thermodynamic properties of liquid MnS-FeS, CrS-FeS, and MnS-CrS-FeS phase determined by the authors and reported phase diagram of MnS-FeS, CrS-FeS and MnS-CrS system. The determined parameters were verified by comparison with experimental results of equilibrium relationship between metal/sulfide in Fe-Cr-Mn-S system at 1793K. By utilizing the determined parameters, phase equilibria involving sulfide phase in liquid Fe-Cr-Mn-S system was established. According to the phase equilibria information controllability of MnS-CrS-FeS sulfide phase in typical stainless steel during solidification was evaluated.

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Thermodynamics of Solid and Liquid MnS-CrS-FeS Phase in Equilibrium with Molten Fe-Cr-Mn-S Alloy

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Effect of Manganese and Oxygen Contents on Monotectic Sulfide Formation in SUS430F Stainless Steel

Yuto Sakaizawa, Shigeru Kaneko, Yasuhiro Ehara, Shigeo Fukumoto

pp. 552-559

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-112

Abstract

The mechanism of monotectic sulfide formation in free-machining ferritic stainless steel (SUS430F) was investigated. Monotectic sulfides were observed in SUS430F ingots with Si-Mn deoxidation. Eutectic sulfide was found in Al deoxidized ingot. The selection of sulfide morphology can be predicted by the thermodynamic calculation using FactSage software. It was thought that the decrease in sulfide activity by dissolved oxygen as an oxy-sulfide was contributed to the monotectic sulfide formation. Microsegregation of sulfur and oxygen during solidification reduces the interfacial energy between liquid and sulfides and promotes the nucleation of sulfides. Thermodynamic stability was considered to determine the selection of sulfide morphology in SUS430F.

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Effect of Manganese and Oxygen Contents on Monotectic Sulfide Formation in SUS430F Stainless Steel

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Evaluation of Interfacial Energy between Molten Fe and Fe-18%Cr-9%Ni Alloy and Non-Metallic Inclusion-Type Oxides

Tomoki Furukawa, Noritaka Saito, Kunihiko Nakashima

pp. 560-571

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-107

Abstract

The contact angles between three non-metallic inclusion-type oxide substrates, viz. Al2O3, MgO, and MgO·Al2O3, and molten Fe and molten Fe-based stainless steel (Fe-Cr-Ni alloy) were measured using the sessile drop method in Ar atmosphere at 1873 K. The contact angles between molten Fe and oxide substrates ranged between 111° and 117°, while that between molten Fe-Cr-Ni alloy and substrates ranged between 103° and 105°. The angles between the alloy and each of the substrates were smaller than the corresponding values for Fe, which was attributed to the superior wettability of molten Fe-Cr-Ni alloy on the substrates. The wettability of the molten materials is related to the interfacial tension between the molten metals and each substrate. Thus, the interfacial tension between the molten metals and the non-metallic substrates was quantitatively evaluated using Young’s equation and the measured contact angles; the interfacial tension for molten Fe ranged from 1.862 to 2.781 N·m−1, while that for molten Fe-Cr-Ni alloy ranged from 1.513 to 2.286 N·m−1. Owing to the higher reactivity between molten Fe-Cr-Ni alloy and the substrates, the interfacial tension and energy between them were lower than those between molten Fe and the substrates.

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Evaluation of Interfacial Energy between Molten Fe and Fe-18%Cr-9%Ni Alloy and Non-Metallic Inclusion-Type Oxides

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Wettability of Molten Fe-Al Alloys Against Oxide Substrates with Various SiO2 Activity

Tomoki Furukawa, Ziyao Zhang, Taro Hirosumi, Noritaka Saito, Kunihiko Nakashima

pp. 572-583

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-110

Abstract

The contact angle between molten Fe-Al alloy with 0.03, 0.3, and 3 mass% Al composition, and Y2O3 matrix oxide substrate with 0.002, 0.32, and 1 SiO2 activity was measured using sessile drop method in Ar atmosphere at 1873 K, and the interfacial tension was evaluated. The contact angle and interfacial tension between the molten Fe-0.3 Al alloy and the Y2Si2O7 + SiO2 (aSiO2 = 1) substrate decreased over time during 60 s after the molten alloy was dropped onto the substrate. The decrease of the contact angle was 20°, and that of the interfacial tension was 628 mN・m−1 Conversely, the other contact angles and the other interfacial energies were almost stable during the same period. The decrease of the contact angles ranged between 0° and 7°, and that of the interfacial tensions ranged 4 and 195 mN・m−1. By observing the wetting behavior for 60 min, it was recognized that the interfacial reaction between the Fe-Al alloy and the oxide substrate was the redox reaction between Al composition in the alloy and SiO2 composition in the substrate, composed of SiO2 decomposition reaction and Al2O3 formation reaction between oxygen absorbed at the interface and Al composition in the alloy. In addition, it was indicated from the interfacial tension dependence on SiO2 activity that the medium SiO2 volume slag for the molten low-Al steel and the low SiO2 volume slag for the molten high-Al steel were effective in preventing the small droplets of molten slag into the molten steel.

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Wettability of Molten Fe-Al Alloys Against Oxide Substrates with Various SiO2 Activity

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