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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 67 (1981), No. 9

ISIJ International
belloff

Grid List Abstracts
ONLINE ISSN: 1883-2954
PRINT ISSN: 0021-1575
Publisher: The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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  1. Vol. 110 (2024)

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  6. Vol. 105 (2019)

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  7. Vol. 104 (2018)

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  9. Vol. 102 (2016)

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  10. Vol. 101 (2015)

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  11. Vol. 100 (2014)

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  12. Vol. 99 (2013)

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  13. Vol. 98 (2012)

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  14. Vol. 97 (2011)

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  15. Vol. 96 (2010)

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  16. Vol. 95 (2009)

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  17. Vol. 94 (2008)

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  18. Vol. 93 (2007)

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  19. Vol. 92 (2006)

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  20. Vol. 91 (2005)

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  21. Vol. 90 (2004)

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  22. Vol. 89 (2003)

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  23. Vol. 88 (2002)

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  24. Vol. 87 (2001)

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  25. Vol. 86 (2000)

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  26. Vol. 85 (1999)

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  27. Vol. 84 (1998)

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  28. Vol. 83 (1997)

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  29. Vol. 82 (1996)

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  30. Vol. 81 (1995)

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  31. Vol. 80 (1994)

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  32. Vol. 79 (1993)

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  33. Vol. 78 (1992)

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  34. Vol. 77 (1991)

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  35. Vol. 76 (1990)

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  36. Vol. 75 (1989)

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  37. Vol. 74 (1988)

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  38. Vol. 73 (1987)

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  39. Vol. 72 (1986)

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  40. Vol. 71 (1985)

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  41. Vol. 70 (1984)

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  42. Vol. 69 (1983)

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  43. Vol. 68 (1982)

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  44. Vol. 67 (1981)

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  45. Vol. 66 (1980)

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  46. Vol. 65 (1979)

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  47. Vol. 64 (1978)

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  48. Vol. 63 (1977)

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  49. Vol. 62 (1976)

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  50. Vol. 61 (1975)

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  51. Vol. 60 (1974)

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  52. Vol. 59 (1973)

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  53. Vol. 58 (1972)

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  54. Vol. 57 (1971)

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  55. Vol. 56 (1970)

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  56. Vol. 55 (1969)

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  57. Vol. 54 (1968)

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  58. Vol. 53 (1967)

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  59. Vol. 52 (1966)

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  60. Vol. 51 (1965)

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  61. Vol. 50 (1964)

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  62. Vol. 49 (1963)

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  63. Vol. 48 (1962)

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  64. Vol. 47 (1961)

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  65. Vol. 46 (1960)

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  66. Vol. 45 (1959)

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  67. Vol. 44 (1958)

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  68. Vol. 43 (1957)

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  69. Vol. 42 (1956)

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  70. Vol. 41 (1955)

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    9. No.4
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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 67 (1981), No. 9

Recent Trends in Special Steels for Automobiles

Tetsuo KATO, Shozo ABEYAMA, Norioki UYEHARA

pp. 1409-1419

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Recent Trends in Special Steels for Automobiles

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Recent Development of Surface Analysis of Iron and Steels

Kichinosuke HIROKAWA

pp. 1420-1430

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Recent Development of Surface Analysis of Iron and Steels

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Present Status of Hot Isostatic Pressing

Nobuyasu KAWAI, Hisashi TAKADA, Toru YUKAWA

pp. 1431-1438

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Present Status of Hot Isostatic Pressing

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Hot Ductility of Steel on Rapid Heating and Cooling in Welding

Hiroshi TAMURA

pp. 1447-1459

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Hot Ductility of Steel on Rapid Heating and Cooling in Welding

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Present Status of Engineering Plastics as a Rival to Iron and Steel

Shoji SHIMAMURA

pp. 1460-1470

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Present Status of Engineering Plastics as a Rival to Iron and Steel

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Modified Method for the Determination of the Parameters Included in the Mixed-control Rate Equation of Unreacted-core Model

Takeaki MURAYAMA, Yoichi ONO

pp. 1478-1484

Abstract

To determine rate parameters for the gaseous reduction of an iron oxide pellet, mixed-control plot proposed by T. YAGI and Y. ONO (Trans. ISIJ, 8 (1968), 377.) has been widely used. The method, however, can not be properly applied to the case where the reduction is retarded at the beginning. In this paper, a modified method to avoid any influence of the initial delay of reduction on the mixed-control plot is proposed. In this method a straight line representing the mixed-control plot is drawn to pass through an observed data point (t=t1, F=F1) other than the initial point. The point (t=t1, F=F1) is selected so that the value of F1 may be relatively low and the mean relative residual of the calculated reaction time from the observed time, Δtr, can be minimum.

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Modified Method for the Determination of the Parameters Included in the Mixed-control Rate Equation of Unreacted-core Model

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Approximate Analysis of Metallic Oxide Reduction with Mixtures of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide

Tadashi CHIDA, Noboru SAKAI, Teiriki TADAKI

pp. 1485-1490

Abstract

An approximate and simple mathematical model is proposed in order to analyze the reduction behavior of a metallic oxide pellet with gas mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The model used is the (single interface) unreacted-core shrinking model, and the following assumptions are made : the gas mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is considered to be as a single-component gas so that oxide pellets are reduced with this imaginary gas, and the apparent reaction rate constant ka is proportional to the real constant k. The correction factor α(=ka/k) can be evaluated approximately by the assumption that the reaction rate at the reaction surface is calculated by summing the reduction rates due to hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The evaluated values of α are in a relatively good agreement with the experimental results. These facts show that the simple model proposed can be applied to the reduction processes with mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

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Approximate Analysis of Metallic Oxide Reduction with Mixtures of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide

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Viscosity, Surface Tension, and Density of Blast Furnace Slag and Synthetic Slags at Manufacturing Condition of Hard Granulated Slag

Takahisa KOSHIDA, Takeshi OGASAWARA, Hisashi KISHIDAKA

pp. 1491-1497

Abstract

Viscosity, surface tension, and density of blast furnace slag and synthetic slags which had nearly the same composition as that of the blast furnace slag were measured below the smelting temperature. The following results were obtained:
(1) Viscosity of synthetic CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slags increases with increasing SiO2 and Al2O3 contents, and decreases with increasing CaO and MgO contents. Small amounts of another compounds contained in the blast furnace slag cause the decrease of vicosity, and the extent of effect of these compounds on viscosity is similar to that of MgO.
(2) Surface tension of quaternary CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO system is not influenced by the interchange of Al2O3 and MgO but increases markedly with increasing (CaO/SiO2) mol. The surface tension of the blast furnace slag is 472 to 498 dyn/cm in the temperature range 1 380° to 1 500°C, and sulfur has a great influence on the decrease of surface tension. The surface tension of all the systems studied here decreases with increasing temperature.
(3) Great increase of viscosity of blast furnace slag occurs when cooled below 1 405°C to 1 375°C, and it is made clear that this temperature range corresponds to the upper limit of the operation temperature to produce hard granulated slag in the factory.

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Viscosity, Surface Tension, and Density of Blast Furnace Slag and Synthetic Slags at Manufacturing Condition of Hard Granulated Slag

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Improving Cast Structure and Centerline Segregation of Continuously Cast Slabs by Adding Steel Strip into Mold

Yasuhiro HABU, Seiji ITOYAMA, Toshihiko EMI, Kenichi SORIMACHI, Hideaki KOJIMA

pp. 1498-1507

Abstract

A method has been developed which increases the fraction of equiaxed crystals and results in decreasing centerline segregation in continuously cast slab by adding steel strip into mold. The effect of shape, liquidus temperature, feeding speed of the strip and superheat of melt in mold on the melting behavior of the strip in crater has been evaluated by a mathematical model. Then, the effect of the amount of the strip addition on the ratio of the equiaxed zone and the centerline segregation has experimentally been investigated by use of strip with low liquidus temperature. The equiaxed zone of 50 to 75% has been obtained and the centerline segregation has disappeared by adding 6 to 8 kg/t of the strip at 15 to 30°C of superheat. A countermeasure to prevent the contamination of molten steel caused by adding the strip is established. The mechanism for the increase in the fraction of equiaxed crystals has also been discussed.

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Improving Cast Structure and Centerline Segregation of Continuously Cast Slabs by Adding Steel Strip into Mold

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Influence of Rate of Heat Removal on Uneven Solidification in Continuous Casting Mould

Yasuo SUGITANI, Masanobu NAKAMURA, Tadao WATANABE

pp. 1508-1514

Abstract

The influence of rate of heat removal on uneven solidification in a continuous casting mould has been investigated by changing thickness of a steel plate which is closely set on a surface of sand mould. The steel plate has a heat capacity corresponding to its thickness, and the rate of heat removal in initial stage of solidification decreases with the thickness decrease.
As a result, Al-killed steel containing about 0.12%C, whose shell is formed quite unevenly in water-cooled copper plate mould, has been observed to solidify evenly under some low rate of heat removal. This critical rate is about 0.8×106 kcal/m2·h by heat transfer analysis.
This fact can be explained as follows. When the rate of heat removal is lowered, temperature of shell on mould side gets to drop more slowly and the difference of cooling rate between mould and liquid steel sides of shell becomes smaller, which makes the difference of shrinkage smaller. In this way, the bending force towards liquid steel, which is potentially exerted at upper part of shell by the difference of shrinkage, gets weakened. Moreover, strength of shell becomes weak due to a rise of temperature level of shell. Consequently, the bending force cannot overcome the static pressure and air gap is not formed between the shell and mould, which results in even solidification.

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Influence of Rate of Heat Removal on Uneven Solidification in Continuous Casting Mould

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On-line Non-destructive Measurement of Solidification Shell Thickness of Continuous Casting Steel Slabs

Katsuhiro KAWASHIMA, Yukio NAKAMORI, Shoji MUROTA, Hiromu SOGA

pp. 1515-1522

Abstract

It is very important to measure solidification shell thickness of C.C. slabs for a good and fast control system of a production line. There have been so far only destructive methods and theoretical calculation for the shell thickness estimation.
We have developed the method of nondestructive, real time and quasi-contionuous measurement of the shell thickness utilizing the technique of electromagnetic generation and detection of ultrasonic waves and successfully tested it in our C.C. production line.
The measurement system was installed about six meters below the molten steel level and measurements were done every one to two minutes for long time, during that time casting speed was changed. The measured results showed that this method could be applied to measure the shell thickness not only for stable casting conditions but also for dynamically changing casting conditions.

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On-line Non-destructive Measurement of Solidification Shell Thickness of Continuous Casting Steel Slabs

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Effects of Micro-alloying on Susceptibility to Intergranular Fracture at about 600°C in Heat-affected Zone of High Strength Low Alloy Steel

Toshimitsu W-FUJII, Koichi YAMAMOTO, Masakatsu UENO

pp. 1523-1532

Abstract

Stress-annealing tests (constant load, or constant displacement) on smooth bars which were given a prior treatment to simulate a heat-affected zone in a welded joint were used to characterize the susceptibility to intergranular fracture at about 600°C of various heats of a pressure vessel steel, SA 508-2.
Micro-alloying to cerium or zirconium in the steel proved to have the effect of suppressing the intergranular fracture, whereas phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, or copper did not have any substantial effect on the susceptibility. Remarkable enrichment of sulfur was found on the intergranular facets with an Auger spectrometer, which is quite dissimilar to the grain boundary segregation in temper-embrittle low alloy steels. The extent of the sulfur enrichment proved to reduce with lowering of the quenching temperature in a prior treatment (two step austenitizing), corresponding to the decrease in the susceptibility to the intergranular fracture.
On the basis of these results, a new model is proposed to explain the mechanism that the intergranular fracture is promoted by the enriched sulfur in cavity surfaces.

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Effects of Micro-alloying on Susceptibility to Intergranular Fracture at about 600°C in Heat-affected Zone of High Strength Low Alloy Steel

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Spheroidization of Manganese Sulfide Inclusion during Heating and Its Effect on Hydrogen Induced Cracking in Rolled Steel

Minoru NISHIDA, Toshiyuki KATO, Tomo TANAKA

pp. 1533-1541

Abstract

Spheroidization behavior of manganese sulfide inclusions and associate decrease in hydrogen induced cracking were investigated in a hot rolled commercial API-X60 grade steel coil during various heat treatment.
MnS inclusions which were elongated like ribbons in the hot rolled state began to spheroidize at such a low heating temperature as 600°C, and the extent of spheroidization was remarkable above 900°C. At an early stage of spheroidization, thin edges of elongated MnS became blunt to have a dog-bone shape, and subsequently the part was broken into very small particles. At high temperatures at or above 900°C, even the central part was broken into several spheres in the later heating stages.
The hydrogen induced cracking was not much reduced by heating below 900°C, but it was decreased remarkably as the temperature exceeded 1000°C. The cracking initiated preferentially at large inclusions, and the width rather than the length of the inclusions was correlated more closely with the cracking susceptibility ; occurrence of cracking increased with the increase in the width.

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Spheroidization of Manganese Sulfide Inclusion during Heating and Its Effect on Hydrogen Induced Cracking in Rolled Steel

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Stress Corrosion Cracking of Steels in CO-CO2-H2O Environments

Masaki UEKADO, Kuniyasu SAKAI, Masanori KIYOSHIGE

pp. 1542-1550

Abstract

The effects of gas composition, alloying elements, cold working and heat treatment on the susceptibility of stress corrosion cracking of mild steels, low alloy steels and austenitic stainless steel in CO-CO2-H2O environments have been investigated.
The results obtained are summerized as follows:
(1) The transgranular stress corrosion cracking occured in CO-CO2 environments which are consisted of both vapor and liquid phase. Stress corrosion cracks initiated from pits on the surface of specimens in liquid phase.
(2) The resistance of the killed SS41 steel to stress corrosion cracking is superior to the rimmed SS41 steel. The Cr-Mo steels containing Cr more than 9% did not suffer from stress corrosion cracking in CO-CO2 environments.
(3) The susceptibility of these steels to stress corrosion cracking was increased with increase of hardness due to heat treatment.
(4) Mild steels are more susceptible to stress corrosion cracking at 5% cold working than at other cold working conditions.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking of Steels in CO-CO2-H2O Environments

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Effect of Prior Austenite Grain Size on Strength and Toughness of an Ultrahigh Strength Maraging Steel

Yoshikuni KAWABE, Seiichi MUNEKI, Junji TAKAHASHI

pp. 1551-1556

Abstract

The prior austenite (γ) grain sizes have been controlled in the range of 780 μm using cold working recrystallization treatment, and these effects on tensile properties and fracture toughness have been in vestigated for a 2 750 MPa grade 17Ni-20Co-6Mo-1.5Ti maraging steel.
Tensile properties were strongly dependent on the prior γ grain size. Tensile strength and reduction of area mainly exhibited a linear function of the reciprocal of the square root of the prior γ grain size, but the unstable fracture in a low stress level occurred without showing reduction of area when the prior γ grain sizes were coarser than a critical size. Fracture toughness was almost independent of the prior γ grain size and the fracture mode was quasi-cleavage type. Thus, it was concluded that the prior γ grain size had the pronounced influence on crack initiation but no or only a small effect on crack propergation.

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Effect of Prior Austenite Grain Size on Strength and Toughness of an Ultrahigh Strength Maraging Steel

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The Effect of Matrix Component on the Precipitation Strengthening of Austenitic Hot Work Die Steels

Hisashi TAKADA, Hiroshi HATO, Yuichi SEKI, Katsumi TSUJI, Shigeru KAWAHARA

pp. 1557-1566

Abstract

An attempt has been made to survey the effect of Ni, Cr and Mn in the matrix on the precipitation strengthening of austenitic hot work die steels containing 0.5%C and 2%V. The materials tested are a Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic steel with 15%Cr and 15%Ni and two kinds of Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn austenitic steels in which some of Ni is replased by 13% and 25% Mn respectively. Cr is decreased with the increase of Mn in order to suppress the precipitation of σ-phase.
The maximum hardness of Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn steels are much higher than that of Fe-Cr-Ni steel, while the maximum hardness decreases slightly when Mn increases from 13% to 25%.
The hardness in the early aging stage rises more rapidly with the increase of Mn content. This is probably attributed to the difference of the amount of C and V in matrix when solution treated and the difference of the coherency between the matrix and VC carbide which precipitates during aging. The elongation and reduction in area of aged steels decrease markedly with the increase of Mn content, because the fracture occurs on the grain boundary. But, it is possible to improve them by hot rolling at about 1 200°C before aging without the decrease of the strength.

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The Effect of Matrix Component on the Precipitation Strengthening of Austenitic Hot Work Die Steels

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Development of Waste Heat Recovery System in Sinter Cooler

Tetsuya YAMAMOTO, Michiharu HARIKI, Michiya YAMASHITA, Tateo KAWASAWA, Yoshiki NAKAHARA, Yoshimasa SATO, Toshio TSUKUDA

pp. 1567-1573

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Development of Waste Heat Recovery System in Sinter Cooler

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主な業種における研究費の対売上高比の推移/主要国の特許出願活動(その1)/1970年代に民間企業で行われた主要な研究開発/主要国の特許出願活動(その2)/同時通訳/主要国の研究者数の比較/主要国の研究者1人当たりの研究費

森 隆資

pp. 1573-1573,1581

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主な業種における研究費の対売上高比の推移/主要国の特許出願活動(その1)/1970年代に民間企業で行われた主要な研究開発/主要国の特許出願活動(その2)/同時通訳/主要国の研究者数の比較/主要国の研究者1人当たりの研究費

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Lower Fuel Rate Operation of Blast Furnace

Junsaku KURIHARA

pp. 1574-1581

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Lower Fuel Rate Operation of Blast Furnace

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Improvement of Multi-composite Sleeve Roll for Sheet Pile Rolling

Hiroyoshi MATSUBARA, Toshiharu IRIE, Satoshi HIROSE, Keiji TAKAKI

pp. 1582-1585

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Improvement of Multi-composite Sleeve Roll for Sheet Pile Rolling

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原子力製鉄技術研究組合の活動を振り返つて

下川 敬治

pp. 1589-1590

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原子力製鉄技術研究組合の活動を振り返つて

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抄録

須山 真一, 柳内 衛, 木村 康一, 小林 一彦, 小松 周作, 相馬 胤和, 仲村 秀夫, 桜谷 敏和, 小口 征男, 吉井 裕, 郡司 好喜, 糸山 誓司, 梶原 正憲, 高崎 惣一, 中野 恵司, 青木 孝夫, 甘粕 知一郎

pp. 1593-1599

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抄録

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