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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 49 (1963), No. 5

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ONLINE ISSN: 1883-2954
PRINT ISSN: 0021-1575
Publisher: The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 49 (1963), No. 5

新らしい発展段階にある鉄鋼業の諸問題について

伊木 常世

pp. 745-746

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新らしい発展段階にある鉄鋼業の諸問題について

Consideration on the Semi-Pilot Plant for Fluidizing Reduction of Pyrite Cinder

Yoshikazu YAMAMICHI

pp. 747-752

Abstract

To seek for the optimum condition for fluidizing reduction, many tests were tried in a 100 mm dia. reactor which was heated by electric heater. Each test was contineous feeding operation within 60-70h.
Considered factors were height of overflow pipe, gas flowing volume, holding time, temper-. ature etc. It was concluded that the optimum condition can attain 1'5 as: gas excess ratio.
With these data, a semi-pilot plant is discussed.
Triple hearth furnace are recommended. Efforts must be added in a semipilot plant to develop next unknown technique.
1. Start-up of the triple hearth fluidizing reactor.
2. Steady operation of the triple hearth reactor.
3. Production of hot gas.
4. Heating up of are by surface combustion.

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Consideration on the Semi-Pilot Plant for Fluidizing Reduction of Pyrite Cinder

Effect of Phosphorus on the Activity Coefficients of Carbon and Oxygen in Liquid Iron

Shiro BAN-YA, Sachio MATOBA

pp. 753-756

Abstract

Equilibrium of CO-CO2 gas mixtures of known composition with carbon and oxygen in liquid iron-phosphorus alloys have been studied in the range of 0.5-5.5%P in liquid iron at 1510.., 1560.. and 1610... It has been found that the effects of phosphorus on the activity coefficients of carbon or oxygen in liquid iron can be expressed by the following equations.
1. The relationships between the activity coefficients of carbon or oxygen and phosphorus in liquid iron.
<4%P
Very dil. Sol
. <5%P
2. The products of carbon and oxygen in liquid iron decreases with increasing phosphorus content.

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Effect of Phosphorus on the Activity Coefficients of Carbon and Oxygen in Liquid Iron

On the Equilibrium between Manganese and Oxygen in Liquid Iron

Koki GUNJI, Sachio MATOBA

pp. 756-764

Abstract

The equilibrium of manganese and oxygen in liquid iron was studied at temperatures of 1550.., 1607.. and 1663.. respectively. In the first place, the activity and free energy of oxygen in a binary Fe-O alloy were studied and successively those in the ternary Fe-Mn-O alloy were studied by almost same experimental procedure.
The electric iron or Fe-Mn alloys with the FeO-MnO slag in magnesia or alumina crucible were melted in the H2-H20 gaseous mixtuTes, and then the samples for the analysis of oxygen and manganese were withdrawn by means of suction.
These data obtained were summarized as follow:
1) H2+O=H2O
logK=7, 540/T-346
2) The activity coefficient of oxygen in a binary Fe-O alloy, log f (O) O= (-13, 340/T+6.59) [%O] 3) The contribution of manganese to the activity coefficient of oxygen in the ternary Fe-Mn-O alloy, f (Mn) O, was very nearly unit.
4) FeO (in slag) +Mn=MnO (in slag) +Fe (l) log Kmn (s) = 6, 980/T-2.91
log K mn (l) 6, 440/T-2.83

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On the Equilibrium between Manganese and Oxygen in Liquid Iron

Study on Specifications of Heavy Steel Forgings made by Basic Electric Arc Furnace and Acid Open Hearth Furnace as well as Investigation on Vacuum Casting

Takaaki SHIMOSE, Kiichi NARITA, Atsusi MIYAMOTO

pp. 765-774

Abstract

The largest differences between vacuum casting and open air casting materials were
(1) gas contents, namely hydrogen and oxygen contents, (2) nonmetallic inclusions, especially quantity and feature of oxide inclusions and (3) austenitic grain size, especially difference of grain size in coarse grain steel. In the field of mechanical properties and qualities, the merits of vacuum casting are summarized as follows; (4) decrease of deflection of mechanical factor, (5) some improvement of ductility and (6) improvement of nondestructive test result.
In the case of open air casting procedure, the main differences between the products from basic electric arc furnace and those from acid open hearth furnace in this investigation were the difference of the quantitative and qualitative relations of nonmetallic inclusions, and quantities of gas components.

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Study on Specifications of Heavy Steel Forgings made by Basic Electric Arc Furnace and Acid Open Hearth Furnace as well as Investigation on Vacuum Casting

On the Annealing-Temperature and-Time for Spheroidization of Wire Rods for Cold Forming

Kinji YOKOYAMA, Akira YAMAMOTO, Jyo YAMAMOTO

pp. 774-780

Abstract

With carbon steel wire-rods of JIS S35C and 545C which are used for cold formed bolts of medium strength, a study was made on the influence of the annealing treatment under various conditions referring to the structure, mechanical properties and crack occurrence under compression tests utilizing an Amsler universal testing machine or a crankpress.
The purpose of this study is to obtain a fundamental data for spheroidizing annealing of wire-rods in factories.
From the results of this experiments, it is confirmed that pretreatments (cooling in oil, air or furnacee) and annealing conditions (temperature and time) give a correlative influence on the spheroidizing annealing of these wire-rods for cold forming; that there are adequate ranges in the aforementioned temperature and time; that the occurrence of cracks in cold forming is more related to the contraction value than to the elongation; and that, by an oilcooling pretreatment of wire rods, higher-strength bolt blanks can be obtained which are very resistant to occurrence of cracks on cold forming in spite of an annealing at a relatively low temperature and in a relatively short time.

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On the Annealing-Temperature and-Time for Spheroidization of Wire Rods for Cold Forming

Anomaly in Dilatation on Heating of Co, ld Worked 18-8 Stainless Steel

Yunoshin IMAI, Toshio SAITO

pp. 780-787

Abstract

The phase translations on heating in 18-8 stainless steel as cold worked followed by solution-treatment were investigated mainly by differential dilatation method. Austenite was retained much more in rolled steel than in elongated, in hammered, and in wire-drawn ones. α phase formed by cold working transformed in to γ phase firstly at about 450.., and the most part of α into γ at the temperature range of 650-700.., and the retained stable α phase secondarily into γ phase at temperatures of 800-900... It is considered that the thermal stability of α phase is varied by the working method and working ratio.
Abnormal expansion was always observed at about 530.. in thermal dilatation curve of cold worked 18-8 stainless steel by any working method. Especially, this anomaly was observed clearly in rolled steel, and the amount of expansion was enlarged as rolling ratio was increased. but on the other hand, the amount of contraction at about 650.. caused by α→γ transformation became smaller. This anomaly was markedly observed when steel was rolled in the condition with large surface friction between roll and rolled steel, and when steel was rolled in the condition of smaller friction by using any lubricant, only the smaller anomaly was observed in dilatation curve as same as elongated, or hammered or drawn steel.

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Anomaly in Dilatation on Heating of Co, ld Worked 18-8 Stainless Steel

Some Studies on the Use of Direct Reading Spectrometer for Control of Steelmaking Process

Yoshihiko ABE, Yuko YAMADA, Yasuma HARADA

pp. 788-796

Abstract

The Production of steel is of course desirable a quick and an accurate analysis of various kind of steels and slags, and we tried to realize this demand with the developement of Direct Reader (Baird Atomic Inc., U.S.A.). But when a direct reading spectrometer has to be applicated for all of these samples there were much troubles to study, and in this report we had the investigations for these troubles.
It was necessary for spectrochemical analysis of iron or steel that the source unit is given the share of spark or arc with the kind of and the concentration of analytical element. But as the matrix effects of samples were possible to be neglected by the adjustment of discharge condition, we could use same technique on the analysis of all kind of samples with the production of low alloy steel, and get the analytical results avilable within normal error of chemical method.
Rapid analysis of slag was possible with a briquetting technique; analysed with spark discharge the sample which pressed the mixture with carbon powder. Working curves of the element in slag were showed with a single curve except those of Fe, forming the different curve caused to the kind of iron-oxide on the period of sampling.
Now we tried to use this spectrometer for the production of steel 24h a day, 7 days a week. Therefore the strict checks on operating and instrument were essential, but it became clear that these controls were easy with the application of standard sample at regular interval and with the check of internal standard intensity coincided with analysis.

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Some Studies on the Use of Direct Reading Spectrometer for Control of Steelmaking Process

Development of the Vacuum Melting Technique in Iron and Steel Industry in Japan

Katsujiro ENDO, Masayoshi HASEGAWA

pp. 797-837

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Development of the Vacuum Melting Technique in Iron and Steel Industry in Japan

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