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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 45 (1959), No. 2

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ONLINE ISSN: 1883-2954
PRINT ISSN: 0021-1575
Publisher: The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 45 (1959), No. 2

Study on the Corrosion Mechanism on Refractories Used in a Zebra Roof of a Basic Open-Hearth Furnace.

Takeo Ao, Takeji Oyama

pp. 93-99

Abstract

Two sample bricks, a conventional silica brick and a metal-encased Chrome-magnesia unburned brick, were taken from a zebra roof of a 40-ton basic open-hearth furnace after 402 heat services. Results of study on the process of slagging reaction on the bricks, mutual reaction between two bricks and chemical changes of the steel plate are described in this paper. The microscopical observation and chemical analysis of each coloured zone are carried out and mineralogical constitution are determined by microscopy and heavy-liquid separation method.
The maximum content of iron oxide in the hottest zone of silica brick may be due to formation of magnetite by the decomposition of ferrous silicate in oxidizing atmosphere.
On the hottest area of silica brick adjoined to the chrome-magnesia brick, iron oxide and magnesia are migrated into the matrix of silica brick from the basic one.
On the chrome-magnesia brick adjoined to the silica brick, much silicious liquid was penetrated into the hotter area of chrome-magnesia brick from the silica brick. Results of microscopical observation and chemical analysis of the spinel crystals separated from the silicious glass matrix in such region might suggest that the destruction of spinel crystals in silicious liquid is caused by selected dissolution of the MgO·Al2O3 portion in the spinel crystals into the liquid.

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Study on the Corrosion Mechanism on Refractories Used in a Zebra Roof of a Basic Open-Hearth Furnace.

Activity of Nitrogen in Liquid Pure Iron

Yutaka Kasamatsu, Sachio Matoba

pp. 100-105

Abstract

An experimental study was made on the equilibrium of liquid pure iron and the controlled atmosphere of N2-A mixture or N2 only in the range of nitrogen pressure up to 2.3 atm., in the temperature range of 1566°C to 1740°C, and the following results were obtained:
(1) The solubility of nitrogen in liquid pure iron does not obey the Sieverts'law, and the nitrogen-solubility deviates positively from this law.
(2) The equilibrium constant and the free energy change in the reaction which nitrogen dissolves in liquid iron are represented by the following equations:
(3) The activity coefficient of nitrogen in liquid pure iron is represented by the following equation;
This equation is blieved to be independent of temperature over the range 1566°C to 1740°C, at least in the range 0-0.070% nitrogen.

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Activity of Nitrogen in Liquid Pure Iron

Relation between the Dent Size, Density in Fundamental Shot-Peening and the Fatigue Strength

Michira Uchiyama, Kazunori Kamishohara

pp. 105-110

Abstract

The authors carried out a reversed bending fatigue test of flat specimens shot-peened under the most fundamental conditions; that is peened with almost perfect sphere shots made of very rigid metal and as uniformly as possible.
Results obtained are as follows:
1) Excess of impact force causes the increase of dent's size, resulting in the drop of fatigue strength.
2) Number of dents per unit area or density of peening has the critical value beyond which the fatigue strength will begin to decrease. This critical value is larger for smaller dents than for larger dents.
3) The most desirable result is obtained for a combination of smaller dent and larger density of peening.
4) Results described in 1) & 2) may be regarded as the so-called over-peening.

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Relation between the Dent Size, Density in Fundamental Shot-Peening and the Fatigue Strength

Effect of Aluminum and Nitrogen on the Graphitization of High-Carbon Steel (Part-1)

Naomichi Yamanaka, Kunio Kusaka

pp. 110-117

Abstract

The authors studied on the effect of aluminum and nitrogen on the graphitization of fine high-carbon steel. Results obtained were as follows:
(1) The presence of acid soluble aluminum had a promoting effect on graphitization. When the high carbon steel were made from electrolytic iron, the graphitization at 650°C after water quenching from 870°C were very markedly accelerated as the arid-soluble aluminum increased up to 0.04%, and the graphitization after cold drawing from 10φ to 8φ were also accelerated as the acid-soluble aluminum increased up to 0.06%.
(2) The nitrogen in solution calculated from total nitrogen, total aluminum, and solubility product for ALN inhibited the breakdown of cementite to graphite after water-quenching from 870°C.
(3) High-carbon steel made from electrolytic iron had a reduced tendency to graphitization at 650°C after air-cooling from 870°C and furnace-cooling from 770°C compared with after water quenching, but this rate of graphitization increased with acid-soluble aluminum up to 0.08%.
(4) The carbide stable rim was noted when austenitizing was carried out in NaCN-BaCl2 salt, and the rim thickness increased with austenitizing time.
(5) Nitrogen dissolved in aluminum-killed high-carbon steel inhibited graphitization after water-quenching, but nitrogen over 0.03% did not produce inhibiting effect on graphitization after cold drawing.

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Effect of Aluminum and Nitrogen on the Graphitization of High-Carbon Steel (Part-1)

Effect of Heating Rate on Properties of Heat-Treated 13% Cr Stainless Steel

Seita Sakui, Tsutomu Mori, Chiaki Yamamoto

pp. 117-122

Abstract

The effect of heating rate on heat treatment of 13% Cr stainless steel was studied by applying two kinds of heating rates, 3000°C/s and 10°C/mn.
The recrystallization temperature in rapid heating was higher by about 100°C than in slow heating. The grain size immediately after recrystallization was smaller in rapid heating than in slow heating. X-ray photographs, which was taken at the recrystallized specimens, showed that the rapidly heated specimen had a more random directionality than the slowly heated specimen.
A1 transformation occured at about 900°C in slow heating and at about 950°C in rapid heating. Martensite, which was formed by quenching from the temperature higher than A1 point, was finer in rapidly heated specimen, than in slowly heated specimens.

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Effect of Heating Rate on Properties of Heat-Treated 13% Cr Stainless Steel

Effect of Heat-Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Nimonic 80A

Taro Hasegawa

pp. 123-127

Abstract

Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of Nimonic 80A were investigated. As the heat treatment containing water-cooling after solution-treatment gave fine precipitated microstructure, specimens heat treated by that method have higher short time tensile strength up to 800°C and hardness, and Charpy impact value is lower than those air cooled after solution treatment. Stress-rupture life at 750°C of the specimens water-cooled after solution-treatment was inferior to the specimens air-cooled after solution-treatment, because the former tends to soften during stress rupture testing.
Aging treatment at 750°C gave maximum aging hardness, but aging treatment at 700°C gave maximum stress-rupture life at 750°C, comparing with the aging between 700° and 850°C. It is because precipitation around grain boundary during stress-rupture testing became remarkable by aging above 700°C.
In carbide-precipitation type alloys, tensile strength and stress-rupture life became longer by precipitation-hardening during tensile test and stress-rupture testing at high temperature, but in Nimonic 80A, tensile strength and stress-rupture life of specimens as solution-treated were inferior to aged specimens.

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Effect of Heat-Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Nimonic 80A

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