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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 58 (1972), No. 9

ISIJ International
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Grid List Abstracts
ONLINE ISSN: 1883-2954
PRINT ISSN: 0021-1575
Publisher: The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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  1. Vol. 110 (2024)

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  5. Vol. 106 (2020)

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  6. Vol. 105 (2019)

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  7. Vol. 104 (2018)

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  8. Vol. 103 (2017)

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  9. Vol. 102 (2016)

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  10. Vol. 101 (2015)

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  11. Vol. 100 (2014)

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  12. Vol. 99 (2013)

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  13. Vol. 98 (2012)

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  14. Vol. 97 (2011)

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  15. Vol. 96 (2010)

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  16. Vol. 95 (2009)

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  17. Vol. 94 (2008)

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  18. Vol. 93 (2007)

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  19. Vol. 92 (2006)

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  20. Vol. 91 (2005)

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  21. Vol. 90 (2004)

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  22. Vol. 89 (2003)

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  23. Vol. 88 (2002)

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  24. Vol. 87 (2001)

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  27. Vol. 84 (1998)

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  28. Vol. 83 (1997)

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  29. Vol. 82 (1996)

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    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
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  30. Vol. 81 (1995)

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    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
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    10. No.3
    11. No.2
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  31. Vol. 80 (1994)

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    6. No.7
    7. No.6
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  32. Vol. 79 (1993)

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    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
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    10. No.3
    11. No.2
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  33. Vol. 78 (1992)

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    6. No.7
    7. No.6
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    10. No.3
    11. No.2
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  34. Vol. 77 (1991)

    1. No.12
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    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
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  35. Vol. 76 (1990)

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    3. No.10
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    5. No.8
    6. No.7
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    10. No.3
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  36. Vol. 75 (1989)

    1. No.12
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    3. No.10
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    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
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  37. Vol. 74 (1988)

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    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
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  38. Vol. 73 (1987)

    1. No.16
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    6. No.11
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  39. Vol. 72 (1986)

    1. No.16
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    3. No.14
    4. No.13
    5. No.12
    6. No.11
    7. No.10
    8. No.9
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    10. No.7
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  40. Vol. 71 (1985)

    1. No.16
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    3. No.14
    4. No.13
    5. No.12
    6. No.11
    7. No.10
    8. No.9
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    10. No.7
    11. No.6
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  41. Vol. 70 (1984)

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    3. No.14
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    6. No.11
    7. No.10
    8. No.9
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    11. No.6
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  42. Vol. 69 (1983)

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    6. No.11
    7. No.10
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  43. Vol. 68 (1982)

    1. No.16
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  44. Vol. 67 (1981)

    1. No.16
    2. No.15
    3. No.14
    4. No.13
    5. No.12
    6. No.11
    7. No.10
    8. No.9
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    10. No.7
    11. No.6
    12. No.5
    13. No.4
    14. No.3
    15. No.2
    16. No.1

  45. Vol. 66 (1980)

    1. No.14
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    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
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    11. No.4
    12. No.3
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  46. Vol. 65 (1979)

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    3. No.12
    4. No.11
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  47. Vol. 64 (1978)

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    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
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  48. Vol. 63 (1977)

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    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
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    8. No.7
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    12. No.3
    13. No.2
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  49. Vol. 62 (1976)

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  50. Vol. 61 (1975)

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    3. No.13
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    5. No.11
    6. No.10
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    13. No.3
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  51. Vol. 60 (1974)

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    6. No.9
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  52. Vol. 59 (1973)

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  53. Vol. 58 (1972)

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  54. Vol. 57 (1971)

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  55. Vol. 56 (1970)

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  56. Vol. 55 (1969)

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  57. Vol. 54 (1968)

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  58. Vol. 53 (1967)

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  59. Vol. 52 (1966)

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  60. Vol. 51 (1965)

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  61. Vol. 50 (1964)

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  62. Vol. 49 (1963)

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  63. Vol. 48 (1962)

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  64. Vol. 47 (1961)

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  65. Vol. 46 (1960)

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  66. Vol. 45 (1959)

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  67. Vol. 44 (1958)

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  68. Vol. 43 (1957)

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  69. Vol. 42 (1956)

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  70. Vol. 41 (1955)

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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 58 (1972), No. 9

Transfer of Carbon from Graphite to Liquid Iron through Carbon Monoxide Gas

Yoshimasa KAJIWARA, Nobuo SANO, Yukio MATSUSHITA

pp. 1193-1202

Abstract

Previous work showed the great possibility of the silicon transfer to liquid iron through SiO gas, the rate of which is significantly dependent upon the carbon concentration in iron. To investigate whether or not this mechanism is really applicable to a practical blast furnace, the rate of the carbon transfer from graphite to liquid iron through CO gas was measured in the present work by use of a system consisting of three phases, graphite disc, iron melt and gaseous space between the former two.
It is interesting to note that the rate of absorption of carbon was found to decrease with rise of temperature between 1550 and 1660°C. The whole process was interpreted by a mix-controlled model of the following three steps, namely the gasification of graphite, the diffusion of CO gas and the chemical reaction on the surface of melt. The numerical values of various kinetic constants as well as the relative chemical resistances of each step were determined experimentally.

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Transfer of Carbon from Graphite to Liquid Iron through Carbon Monoxide Gas

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Transfer of Carbon from Graphite to Liquid Iron through Carbon Monoxide Gas

Yoshimasa KAJIWARA, Nobuo SANO, Yukio MATSUSHITA

pp. 1193-1202

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.58.9_1193

Abstract

Previous work showed the great possibility of the silicon transfer to liquid iron through SiO gas, the rate of which is significantly dependent upon the carbon concentration in iron. To investigate whether or not this mechanism is really applicable to a practical blast furnace, the rate of the carbon transfer from graphite to liquid iron through CO gas was measured in the present work by use of a system consisting of three phases, graphite disc, iron melt and gaseous space between the former two.
It is interesting to note that the rate of absorption of carbon was found to decrease with rise of temperature between 1550 and 1660°C. The whole process was interpreted by a mix-controlled model of the following three steps, namely the gasification of graphite, the diffusion of CO gas and the chemical reaction on the surface of melt. The numerical values of various kinetic constants as well as the relative chemical resistances of each step were determined experimentally.

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Transfer of Carbon from Graphite to Liquid Iron through Carbon Monoxide Gas

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Investigations of Some Characteristics Concerning to Gas-permeability and Stock Movement of Blast Furnace

Yoshikazu KUWANO, Seiichi YAMAMOTO, Keiichi OHTANI, Kooichi HONDA, Tonshi CHAN, Chifu NAKANE

pp. 1203-1216

Abstract

Some characteristics mainly concerning to gas-permeability and stock movement of No 1 B. F.(of 350m3 inner volume) at Nishijima Works, Osaka Seiko Co. were investigated and following results were ob-tained.
(1) Periodic changes from tapping to tapping were observed in blast distribution among tuyeres, top gas composition, radial gas distribution, pressure drop, minute pressure pulsation and stock descending. These changes were quite similar to those obtained in small experimental B. F.(of 0.5m3 inner volume).
(2) Under the normal conditions, vertical pressure distribution was nearly linear from tuyere level to stock line. Pressure drop at combustion zone was estimated to be 26-34.8% of total pressure drop between blow-pipe and furnace top. In the case of unusual state, a part of stock column with large pres-sure drop appeared often at upper level of shaft and then it descended downward.
(3) Even under the normal condition, minute pressure pulsation of 0.6-2.13 Hz frequency, which suggested the occurence of “boiling” of solid particles, was observed. When unusual stock movement appeared at the shaft, increase of energy level of low frequency components, which suggested the occurence of “bubbling” or “near-slugging”, was observed. In the case of irregularities at high-temperature region another type of pulsation with 6-18 Hz frequency, which suggested bubbling in liquid phase, were observed before the appearance of pulsation cited above.
(4) It was presumed that unusual stock movement was mainly caused by the occurence of violent fluidization of solid particles even in high temperature region. It seems to be difficult to attribute the irregularities in the melting zone, where nonuniform distribution of fluid flow is remarkable, to the occurrence of “flooding”.

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Investigations of Some Characteristics Concerning to Gas-permeability and Stock Movement of Blast Furnace

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Investigations of Some Characteristics Concerning to Gas-permeability and Stock Movement of Blast Furnace

Yoshikazu KUWANO, Seiichi YAMAMOTO, Keiichi OHTANI, Kooichi HONDA, Tonshi CHAN, Chifu NAKANE

pp. 1203-1216

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.58.9_1203

Abstract

Some characteristics mainly concerning to gas-permeability and stock movement of No 1 B. F.(of 350m3 inner volume) at Nishijima Works, Osaka Seiko Co. were investigated and following results were ob-tained.
(1) Periodic changes from tapping to tapping were observed in blast distribution among tuyeres, top gas composition, radial gas distribution, pressure drop, minute pressure pulsation and stock descending. These changes were quite similar to those obtained in small experimental B. F.(of 0.5m3 inner volume).
(2) Under the normal conditions, vertical pressure distribution was nearly linear from tuyere level to stock line. Pressure drop at combustion zone was estimated to be 26-34.8% of total pressure drop between blow-pipe and furnace top. In the case of unusual state, a part of stock column with large pres-sure drop appeared often at upper level of shaft and then it descended downward.
(3) Even under the normal condition, minute pressure pulsation of 0.6-2.13 Hz frequency, which suggested the occurence of “boiling” of solid particles, was observed. When unusual stock movement appeared at the shaft, increase of energy level of low frequency components, which suggested the occurence of “bubbling” or “near-slugging”, was observed. In the case of irregularities at high-temperature region another type of pulsation with 6-18 Hz frequency, which suggested bubbling in liquid phase, were observed before the appearance of pulsation cited above.
(4) It was presumed that unusual stock movement was mainly caused by the occurence of violent fluidization of solid particles even in high temperature region. It seems to be difficult to attribute the irregularities in the melting zone, where nonuniform distribution of fluid flow is remarkable, to the occurrence of “flooding”.

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Investigations of Some Characteristics Concerning to Gas-permeability and Stock Movement of Blast Furnace

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Kinetic Study of Dephosphorization of Liquid Iron with Solid CaO

Fukuo ARATANI, Koji SANBONGI

pp. 1217-1224

Abstract

A kinetic study is made of dephosphorization of liquid iron-phosphorus alloy with solid CaO and oxidizing gas. Iron-phosphorus alloy is melted in CaO crucible at 1600°C and then phosphorus in molten iron is oxidized by H2-H2O gas mixture (PH2O/PH2≈0.20-0.65).
The results are summarized as follows.
1) The maximum value and the minimum value of oxygen content of molten Fe-P alloy appear during dephosphorizing.
2) Dephosphorization reaction is divided into three periods; at the first period, chemical reaction is rate limiting step, in the second period, dephosphorization rate depends on the rate of oxygen supply from gas to molten iron, and transport of phosphorus in solid CaO is rate limiting step in the final period.

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Kinetic Study of Dephosphorization of Liquid Iron with Solid CaO

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Kinetic Study of Dephosphorization of Liquid Iron with Solid CaO

Fukuo ARATANI, Koji SANBONGI

pp. 1217-1224

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.58.9_1217

Abstract

A kinetic study is made of dephosphorization of liquid iron-phosphorus alloy with solid CaO and oxidizing gas. Iron-phosphorus alloy is melted in CaO crucible at 1600°C and then phosphorus in molten iron is oxidized by H2-H2O gas mixture (PH2O/PH2≈0.20-0.65).
The results are summarized as follows.
1) The maximum value and the minimum value of oxygen content of molten Fe-P alloy appear during dephosphorizing.
2) Dephosphorization reaction is divided into three periods; at the first period, chemical reaction is rate limiting step, in the second period, dephosphorization rate depends on the rate of oxygen supply from gas to molten iron, and transport of phosphorus in solid CaO is rate limiting step in the final period.

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Kinetic Study of Dephosphorization of Liquid Iron with Oxidizing Slag

Fukuo ARATANI, Koji SANBONGI

pp. 1225-1231

Abstract

A kinetic study is made of dephosphorization reaction of liquid iron-phosphorus alloy with steelmaking slag in laboratory scale. Iron-phosphorus alloys and CaO-FeO-Si02 system slags are melted in fused MgO crucible at 1550°C and 1600°C in resistance furnace.
The results presented here are summarized as follows.
1) The dephosphorization reaction is first order reaction with chemical reaction controll.
2) The dephosphorization rate constants are variable with slag composition and it is considered that the optimum slag composition for dephosphorization is the “nose” composition of liquidus line of 2CaOSiO2in the phase diagram of CaO-FeO-SiO2 system.

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Kinetic Study of Dephosphorization of Liquid Iron with Oxidizing Slag

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Kinetic Study of Dephosphorization of Liquid Iron with Oxidizing Slag

Fukuo ARATANI, Koji SANBONGI

pp. 1225-1231

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.58.9_1225

Abstract

A kinetic study is made of dephosphorization reaction of liquid iron-phosphorus alloy with steelmaking slag in laboratory scale. Iron-phosphorus alloys and CaO-FeO-Si02 system slags are melted in fused MgO crucible at 1550°C and 1600°C in resistance furnace.
The results presented here are summarized as follows.
1) The dephosphorization reaction is first order reaction with chemical reaction controll.
2) The dephosphorization rate constants are variable with slag composition and it is considered that the optimum slag composition for dephosphorization is the “nose” composition of liquidus line of 2CaOSiO2in the phase diagram of CaO-FeO-SiO2 system.

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Mechanism of Precipitation Hardening in 8 Ni-6 Cr Maraging Steel

Isao KIMURA, Hiroshi YADA, Takanori NAKAZAWA

pp. 1232-1245

Abstract

Precipitation characteristics and strengthening mechanism in 8% Ni-6% Cr-Co-Mo maraging steels were investigated. The precipitates contributing to strengthening of the steel were spherical ones of about 200A in diameter and ribbon-like ones of about 100Å in width and 300-500Å in length. The both types of precipitates were identified with Fe2Mo Laves phase. In the steel, the addition of Co accelerated precipitation hardening by retarding recovery of dislocation during aging. The precipitation hardening of the steel can be explained in terms of Orowan's theory.

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Mechanism of Precipitation Hardening in 8 Ni-6 Cr Maraging Steel

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Mechanism of Precipitation Hardening in 8 Ni-6 Cr Maraging Steel

Isao KIMURA, Hiroshi YADA, Takanori NAKAZAWA

pp. 1232-1245

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.58.9_1232

Abstract

Precipitation characteristics and strengthening mechanism in 8% Ni-6% Cr-Co-Mo maraging steels were investigated. The precipitates contributing to strengthening of the steel were spherical ones of about 200A in diameter and ribbon-like ones of about 100Å in width and 300-500Å in length. The both types of precipitates were identified with Fe2Mo Laves phase. In the steel, the addition of Co accelerated precipitation hardening by retarding recovery of dislocation during aging. The precipitation hardening of the steel can be explained in terms of Orowan's theory.

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Mechanism of Precipitation Hardening in 8 Ni-6 Cr Maraging Steel

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Heat Treatment Characteristics of Tool Steels Quenched from Liquid State

Tohru ARAI, Noboru KOMATSU

pp. 1246-1263

Abstract

Carbides in tool steels rapidly quenched from liquid state are extremely fine compared with those in commercial forged tool steels. Therefore, it may be well expected that rapidly quenched tool steels have different heat treatment characteristics from those of forged steels.
In this paper, this was confirmed experimentally using splats, extruded bars made from atomized powders, and beads by electron beam or transfer plasma melting of high speed steel, cold work die steel, and hot work die steel.
The results are summarized as follows.
1) Splats and beads of SKD 1 and SKD 11 cold work die steels showed a hardness value of above HRC 60 by being quenched from an austenitizing temperature as low as 850°C.
2) Canning extruded SKH9 showed a hardness value higher than HRC 63, by being quenched from an austenitizing temperature as low as 950°C, while splats did not show such high hardness values.
3) The high hardness values obtained at low austenitizing temperatures may be considered to be highly dependent on the carbides which were so fine as to easily dissolve into austenite.

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Heat Treatment Characteristics of Tool Steels Quenched from Liquid State

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Heat Treatment Characteristics of Tool Steels Quenched from Liquid State

Tohru ARAI, Noboru KOMATSU

pp. 1246-1263

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.58.9_1246

Abstract

Carbides in tool steels rapidly quenched from liquid state are extremely fine compared with those in commercial forged tool steels. Therefore, it may be well expected that rapidly quenched tool steels have different heat treatment characteristics from those of forged steels.
In this paper, this was confirmed experimentally using splats, extruded bars made from atomized powders, and beads by electron beam or transfer plasma melting of high speed steel, cold work die steel, and hot work die steel.
The results are summarized as follows.
1) Splats and beads of SKD 1 and SKD 11 cold work die steels showed a hardness value of above HRC 60 by being quenched from an austenitizing temperature as low as 850°C.
2) Canning extruded SKH9 showed a hardness value higher than HRC 63, by being quenched from an austenitizing temperature as low as 950°C, while splats did not show such high hardness values.
3) The high hardness values obtained at low austenitizing temperatures may be considered to be highly dependent on the carbides which were so fine as to easily dissolve into austenite.

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Heat Treatment Characteristics of Tool Steels Quenched from Liquid State

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A Study of the Removal of Nitrogen from Steel in Hydrogen Atmosphere

Toshisada MORI, Eiji ICHISE, Yasuo NIWA

pp. 1264-1279

Abstract

A study of the removal of nitrogen from rimmed sheet steel and high carbon piano wire has been performed. The denitrogenizing annealing was carried out at temperatures from 500 to 1000°C in dry or wet hydrogen atmosphere and also in alternating atomspheres of dry hydrogen and vacuum. The following results were obtained.
The rate of nitrogen removal from rimmed sheet steel containing 004 to 005% C is increased appreciably with increase in temperature up to about 700 to 720°C, where the gamma phase appears, while it is decreased with further increase in temperature. The rate of nitrogen removal is also increased with an increase in flow rate of hydrogen up to 350cc/min under the present experimental condition, but any more increase in the rate is hardly observed with further increase in the flow rate of hydrogen.
When the flow rate of hydrogen is higher than 350cc/min under the present experimental condition, the rate of nitrogen removal is controlled by the diffusion of nitrogen in steel, and when the flow rate of hydrogen is lower than 100cc/min the rate of nitrogen removal follows the first order rate law, i.e., the logarithm of the ratio of nitrogen content to that of initial nitrogen is proportional to the time of treatment.
The water vapor up to about 20 vol% in hydrogen of 350ccimin has no effect on the rate of nitrogen removal from sheet steel, and the water vapor up to about 2 to 5 vol% in hydrogen of 100cc/min has a slight effect to increase the rate of nitrogen removal while the rate is decreased with further increase in water vapor.
Decarburization is not observed by dry hydrogen atmosphere while by the small addition of water vapor to hydrogen the rate and extent of decarburization are increased appreciably.
Judging from the present experimental results and the previous investigations, it is concluded that 1) if the process of nitrogen removal is performed in hydrogen of high flow rate, the rate of nitrogen removal is controlled by the diffusion of nitrogen in steel while 2) if it is performed in hydrogen of low flow rate the rate of nitrogen removal is controlled by the rate of outgoing transfer of the gases produced by denitrogenizing reaction from the reaction chamber.
It is suggested that the annealing by alternating treatment by hydrogen and vacuum can save the hydrogen consumption and the rapid and homogeneous nitrogen removal throughout the coil may be possible with a relatively small consumption of hydrogen when this technique is applied to the open coil annealing.

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A Study of the Removal of Nitrogen from Steel in Hydrogen Atmosphere

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A Study of the Removal of Nitrogen from Steel in Hydrogen Atmosphere

Toshisada MORI, Eiji ICHISE, Yasuo NIWA

pp. 1264-1279

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.58.9_1264

Abstract

A study of the removal of nitrogen from rimmed sheet steel and high carbon piano wire has been performed. The denitrogenizing annealing was carried out at temperatures from 500 to 1000°C in dry or wet hydrogen atmosphere and also in alternating atomspheres of dry hydrogen and vacuum. The following results were obtained.
The rate of nitrogen removal from rimmed sheet steel containing 004 to 005% C is increased appreciably with increase in temperature up to about 700 to 720°C, where the gamma phase appears, while it is decreased with further increase in temperature. The rate of nitrogen removal is also increased with an increase in flow rate of hydrogen up to 350cc/min under the present experimental condition, but any more increase in the rate is hardly observed with further increase in the flow rate of hydrogen.
When the flow rate of hydrogen is higher than 350cc/min under the present experimental condition, the rate of nitrogen removal is controlled by the diffusion of nitrogen in steel, and when the flow rate of hydrogen is lower than 100cc/min the rate of nitrogen removal follows the first order rate law, i.e., the logarithm of the ratio of nitrogen content to that of initial nitrogen is proportional to the time of treatment.
The water vapor up to about 20 vol% in hydrogen of 350ccimin has no effect on the rate of nitrogen removal from sheet steel, and the water vapor up to about 2 to 5 vol% in hydrogen of 100cc/min has a slight effect to increase the rate of nitrogen removal while the rate is decreased with further increase in water vapor.
Decarburization is not observed by dry hydrogen atmosphere while by the small addition of water vapor to hydrogen the rate and extent of decarburization are increased appreciably.
Judging from the present experimental results and the previous investigations, it is concluded that 1) if the process of nitrogen removal is performed in hydrogen of high flow rate, the rate of nitrogen removal is controlled by the diffusion of nitrogen in steel while 2) if it is performed in hydrogen of low flow rate the rate of nitrogen removal is controlled by the rate of outgoing transfer of the gases produced by denitrogenizing reaction from the reaction chamber.
It is suggested that the annealing by alternating treatment by hydrogen and vacuum can save the hydrogen consumption and the rapid and homogeneous nitrogen removal throughout the coil may be possible with a relatively small consumption of hydrogen when this technique is applied to the open coil annealing.

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A Method of State Analysis of Iron in Pseudo-Rust

Kiyoshi SUMI, Toshihiko HATA, Toshio HACIWARA

pp. 1280-1288

Abstract

The paper describes a simple and systematic state analysis of iron in pseudo-rust including various iron compounds-ferrous hydroxide, green rust-I, metallic iron, goethite, and magnetite-by utilizing the difference of solubilities of these compounds.
The outline of procedure is as follows:
Sample is treated with 100 ml of 3N cold hydrohlocric acid in water bath (about 15°C) for 5 to 10 minutes by passing nitrogen gas. In this condition, ferrous hydroxide and green rust-1 are dissolved and metallic iron, goethite and magnetite stay undissolved. The solution is rapidly filtered off by the apparatus of Fig. 1 to avoid the dissolution of metallic iron, goethite and magnetite. Ferrous hydroxide and green rust-1 in filtrate are determined by potassium bichromate titration method.
Residue including metallic iron, goethite and magnetite is treated with conventional brome-ethanol method, and then metallic iron is dissolved and other iron compounds are remained as insoluble residue.
Metallic iron in filtrate is determined by EDTA titration method. Residue is dissolved with hydrochloric acid (1: 1) in water bath at a constant temperature (about 70°C) while passing nitrogen gas and goethite and magnetite are determined by potassium bichromate titration method.

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A Method of State Analysis of Iron in Pseudo-Rust

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A Method of State Analysis of Iron in Pseudo-Rust

Kiyoshi SUMI, Toshihiko HATA, Toshio HACIWARA

pp. 1280-1288

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.58.9_1280

Abstract

The paper describes a simple and systematic state analysis of iron in pseudo-rust including various iron compounds-ferrous hydroxide, green rust-I, metallic iron, goethite, and magnetite-by utilizing the difference of solubilities of these compounds.
The outline of procedure is as follows:
Sample is treated with 100 ml of 3N cold hydrohlocric acid in water bath (about 15°C) for 5 to 10 minutes by passing nitrogen gas. In this condition, ferrous hydroxide and green rust-1 are dissolved and metallic iron, goethite and magnetite stay undissolved. The solution is rapidly filtered off by the apparatus of Fig. 1 to avoid the dissolution of metallic iron, goethite and magnetite. Ferrous hydroxide and green rust-1 in filtrate are determined by potassium bichromate titration method.
Residue including metallic iron, goethite and magnetite is treated with conventional brome-ethanol method, and then metallic iron is dissolved and other iron compounds are remained as insoluble residue.
Metallic iron in filtrate is determined by EDTA titration method. Residue is dissolved with hydrochloric acid (1: 1) in water bath at a constant temperature (about 70°C) while passing nitrogen gas and goethite and magnetite are determined by potassium bichromate titration method.

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A Method of State Analysis of Iron in Pseudo-Rust

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Computing Control System at No 2 LD Plant in Muroran Works

Seiki TSUZUKI, Katsuaki KOKAI, Tsuneji UCHIDA

pp. 1289-1293

Abstract

No 2 LD Plant, Muroran Works, produces various kinds of steel with very high productivity establishing a new world record of 2 762 heats per month in April 1970. By introducing a mini process computer, a unique control system has been brought into the plant.
The system has achieved splendid accomplishment, e. q. improvement of the end point control, reducing the workers required and mechanization of tabulation.
The system embodies three features.
1. Linkage with the central computer: The process computer has been directly linked with the large central computer.
2. Display units: Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) has been introduced instead of typewriters first in steel making process control system.
3. Dynamic temperature control: The bath temperature during blowing is measured by the sub-lance and taken into the process computer.

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Computing Control System at No 2 LD Plant in Muroran Works

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Computing Control System at No 2 LD Plant in Muroran Works

Seiki TSUZUKI, Katsuaki KOKAI, Tsuneji UCHIDA

pp. 1289-1293

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.58.9_1289

Abstract

No 2 LD Plant, Muroran Works, produces various kinds of steel with very high productivity establishing a new world record of 2 762 heats per month in April 1970. By introducing a mini process computer, a unique control system has been brought into the plant.
The system has achieved splendid accomplishment, e. q. improvement of the end point control, reducing the workers required and mechanization of tabulation.
The system embodies three features.
1. Linkage with the central computer: The process computer has been directly linked with the large central computer.
2. Display units: Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) has been introduced instead of typewriters first in steel making process control system.
3. Dynamic temperature control: The bath temperature during blowing is measured by the sub-lance and taken into the process computer.

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Computing Control System at No 2 LD Plant in Muroran Works

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Accuracy and Standards of Temperature Measurement

Seiji TAKATA

pp. 1294-1301

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Accuracy and Standards of Temperature Measurement

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Relation between Structure of Ingot and Solidification Variables

Taira OKAMOTO

pp. 1302-1316

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Relation between Structure of Ingot and Solidification Variables

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Study on the Analysis of Iron and Steel by X-Ray Fluorescence Using an Correction Technique

Kazuo KAWAMURA

pp. 1317-1329

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Study on the Analysis of Iron and Steel by X-Ray Fluorescence Using an Correction Technique

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Carbo-Nitrogen Sulphide in Steel Containing Titanium

Kiichi NARITA, Hiroshi MATSUMOTO

pp. 1330-1332

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.58.9_1330

Abstract

The structure and composition of a titanium carbo-nitrogen sulphide in steels have been determined by means of X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and electron-probe microanalysis.
The carbo-nitrogen sulphide has a structure similar to that of TiP with a dimension of hexagonal unit cell of α=3.210Å, c= 11.20Å, and c/a= 3.49. Its chemical formula is shown by Ti4 (Cm, Nn) 2S2, where m+n= 1. The ratio of m to n depends on the chemical composition, solidification condition and thermal history of steels.
The carbo-nitrogen sulphide is chemically stable as to be extracted from various steels containing titanium by mineral acid-dissolution and electrolytic methods using these acids, but decomposes gradually in hot mineral acids and oxidizing reagents.

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Carbo-Nitrogen Sulphide in Steel Containing Titanium

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Carbo-Nitrogen Sulphide in Steel Containing Titanium

Kiichi NARITA, Hiroshi MATSUMOTO

pp. 1330-1332

Abstract

The structure and composition of a titanium carbo-nitrogen sulphide in steels have been determined by means of X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and electron-probe microanalysis.
The carbo-nitrogen sulphide has a structure similar to that of TiP with a dimension of hexagonal unit cell of α=3.210Å, c= 11.20Å, and c/a= 3.49. Its chemical formula is shown by Ti4 (Cm, Nn) 2S2, where m+n= 1. The ratio of m to n depends on the chemical composition, solidification condition and thermal history of steels.
The carbo-nitrogen sulphide is chemically stable as to be extracted from various steels containing titanium by mineral acid-dissolution and electrolytic methods using these acids, but decomposes gradually in hot mineral acids and oxidizing reagents.

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Carbo-Nitrogen Sulphide in Steel Containing Titanium

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Report of the 3rd Japan-USSR Joint Symposium on Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes

The Scientific Delegation of the Iron and Steel

pp. 1333-1345

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Report of the 3rd Japan-USSR Joint Symposium on Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes

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