logo
Language
Bookmarks
Log Out

Journals

Search Sites

Account

© 2022 Steel Science Portal

How to use

Advanced Search

Search Sites

site
site
site
site

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 66 (1980), No. 7

ISIJ International
belloff

Grid List Abstracts
ONLINE ISSN: 1883-2954
PRINT ISSN: 0021-1575
Publisher: The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

Backnumber

  1. Vol. 111 (2025)

    1. No.10
    2. No.9
    3. No.8
    4. No.7
    5. No.6
    6. No.5
    7. No.4
    8. No.3
    9. No.2
    10. No.1

  2. Vol. 110 (2024)

    1. No.16
    2. No.15
    3. No.14
    4. No.13
    5. No.12
    6. No.11
    7. No.10
    8. No.9
    9. No.8
    10. No.7
    11. No.6
    12. No.5
    13. No.4
    14. No.3
    15. No.2
    16. No.1

  3. Vol. 109 (2023)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  4. Vol. 108 (2022)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  5. Vol. 107 (2021)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  6. Vol. 106 (2020)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  7. Vol. 105 (2019)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  8. Vol. 104 (2018)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  9. Vol. 103 (2017)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  10. Vol. 102 (2016)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  11. Vol. 101 (2015)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  12. Vol. 100 (2014)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  13. Vol. 99 (2013)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  14. Vol. 98 (2012)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  15. Vol. 97 (2011)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  16. Vol. 96 (2010)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  17. Vol. 95 (2009)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  18. Vol. 94 (2008)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  19. Vol. 93 (2007)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  20. Vol. 92 (2006)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  21. Vol. 91 (2005)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  22. Vol. 90 (2004)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  23. Vol. 89 (2003)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  24. Vol. 88 (2002)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  25. Vol. 87 (2001)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  26. Vol. 86 (2000)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  27. Vol. 85 (1999)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  28. Vol. 84 (1998)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  29. Vol. 83 (1997)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  30. Vol. 82 (1996)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  31. Vol. 81 (1995)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  32. Vol. 80 (1994)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  33. Vol. 79 (1993)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  34. Vol. 78 (1992)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  35. Vol. 77 (1991)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  36. Vol. 76 (1990)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  37. Vol. 75 (1989)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  38. Vol. 74 (1988)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  39. Vol. 73 (1987)

    1. No.16
    2. No.15
    3. No.14
    4. No.13
    5. No.12
    6. No.11
    7. No.10
    8. No.9
    9. No.8
    10. No.7
    11. No.6
    12. No.5
    13. No.4
    14. No.3
    15. No.2
    16. No.1

  40. Vol. 72 (1986)

    1. No.16
    2. No.15
    3. No.14
    4. No.13
    5. No.12
    6. No.11
    7. No.10
    8. No.9
    9. No.8
    10. No.7
    11. No.6
    12. No.5
    13. No.4
    14. No.3
    15. No.2
    16. No.1

  41. Vol. 71 (1985)

    1. No.16
    2. No.15
    3. No.14
    4. No.13
    5. No.12
    6. No.11
    7. No.10
    8. No.9
    9. No.8
    10. No.7
    11. No.6
    12. No.5
    13. No.4
    14. No.3
    15. No.2
    16. No.1

  42. Vol. 70 (1984)

    1. No.16
    2. No.15
    3. No.14
    4. No.13
    5. No.12
    6. No.11
    7. No.10
    8. No.9
    9. No.8
    10. No.7
    11. No.6
    12. No.5
    13. No.4
    14. No.3
    15. No.2
    16. No.1

  43. Vol. 69 (1983)

    1. No.16
    2. No.15
    3. No.14
    4. No.13
    5. No.12
    6. No.11
    7. No.10
    8. No.9
    9. No.8
    10. No.7
    11. No.6
    12. No.5
    13. No.4
    14. No.3
    15. No.2
    16. No.1

  44. Vol. 68 (1982)

    1. No.16
    2. No.15
    3. No.14
    4. No.13
    5. No.12
    6. No.11
    7. No.10
    8. No.9
    9. No.8
    10. No.7
    11. No.6
    12. No.5
    13. No.4
    14. No.3
    15. No.2
    16. No.1

  45. Vol. 67 (1981)

    1. No.16
    2. No.15
    3. No.14
    4. No.13
    5. No.12
    6. No.11
    7. No.10
    8. No.9
    9. No.8
    10. No.7
    11. No.6
    12. No.5
    13. No.4
    14. No.3
    15. No.2
    16. No.1

  46. Vol. 66 (1980)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  47. Vol. 65 (1979)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  48. Vol. 64 (1978)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  49. Vol. 63 (1977)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  50. Vol. 62 (1976)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  51. Vol. 61 (1975)

    1. No.15
    2. No.14
    3. No.13
    4. No.12
    5. No.11
    6. No.10
    7. No.9
    8. No.8
    9. No.7
    10. No.6
    11. No.5
    12. No.4
    13. No.3
    14. No.2
    15. No.1

  52. Vol. 60 (1974)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  53. Vol. 59 (1973)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  54. Vol. 58 (1972)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  55. Vol. 57 (1971)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  56. Vol. 56 (1970)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  57. Vol. 55 (1969)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  58. Vol. 54 (1968)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  59. Vol. 53 (1967)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  60. Vol. 52 (1966)

    1. No.13
    2. No.12
    3. No.11
    4. No.10
    5. No.9
    6. No.8
    7. No.7
    8. No.6
    9. No.5
    10. No.4
    11. No.3
    12. No.2
    13. No.1

  61. Vol. 51 (1965)

    1. No.13
    2. No.12
    3. No.11
    4. No.10
    5. No.9
    6. No.8
    7. No.7
    8. No.6
    9. No.5
    10. No.4
    11. No.3
    12. No.2
    13. No.1

  62. Vol. 50 (1964)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  63. Vol. 49 (1963)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  64. Vol. 48 (1962)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  65. Vol. 47 (1961)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  66. Vol. 46 (1960)

    1. No.14
    2. No.13
    3. No.12
    4. No.11
    5. No.10
    6. No.9
    7. No.8-supl
    8. No.7
    9. No.6
    10. No.5
    11. No.4
    12. No.3
    13. No.2
    14. No.1

  67. Vol. 45 (1959)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  68. Vol. 44 (1958)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  69. Vol. 43 (1957)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  70. Vol. 42 (1956)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  71. Vol. 41 (1955)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

Keyword Ranking

18 Jul. (Last 30 Days)

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 66 (1980), No. 7

Corrosion-resistance of Electroplated Ni-Zn Alloy Steel Sheet

Atsuyoshi SHIBUYA, Tatsuo KURIMOTO, Kimitake KOREKAWA, Kohji NOJI

pp. 771-778

Abstract

The Ni-Zn electroplated steel sheet was studied in order to improve the corrosion-resistance of the Zn electroplated steel sheet.
In a sulfate bath, Ni-Zn alloy was plated on steel sheets under the high current density (20A/dm2). The relationships among Ni content in deposited film, deposited phase, and corrosion resistance were investigated, and the corrosion behavior of the Ni-Zn plated steel sheet was discussed.
The results are summarized as follows:
(1) Under high current density as well as under low current density, γ-phase of Ni-Zn alloy deposits preferentially, and the deposited film is of dual phase consisting of η+γ for low nickel content, or of α+γ for high Ni content.
(2) The film of γ-phase consisting of 10%16% nickel content shows the best corrosion resistance with a good lustrous appearance, and protects the steel well. The film of dual phase of γ+α shows the less corrosion resistance than one of dual phase of γ+η.
(3) It is supposed that good protection of γ-phase film is based on the corrosion potential of this film being less noble than the steel, and changing to more noble site by concentrating of nickel on the corroded surface during the corrosion advancing.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Corrosion-resistance of Electroplated Ni-Zn Alloy Steel Sheet

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Study of High Corrosion Resistant Zinc-Aluminum Composite Electroplated Steel Sheet

Takahisa YOSHIHARA, Hajime KIMURA, Shunichi HARADA

pp. 779-789

Abstract

Significant improvement of corrosion resistance of electrogalvanized steel sheet has been accomplished by codepositing particles (-250 mesh) of metallic aluminum in zinc layer. The composite coating is obtained electrolytically using a new plating bath containing zinc ion and aluminum particles dispersed.
The properties of Zn-Al composite electroplated steel sheet depend on the content of aluminum particles and the distribution of them in the plated layer. It has been found that the corrosion resistance by salt spray test is significantly improved with an increase of aluminum content in the plated layer.
Drawability, spot weldability and ED paint adhesion are also superior to those of electrogalvanized steel.
The corrosion mechanism of composite electroplated steel sheet has been studied by using electro-chemical methods. It becomes clear that the codeposited aluminum particles in plated layer act as cathodes and the cathodic reaction is suppressed by the existence of some resistive film on aluminum surface, and, as a result, anodic dissolution of zinc in plated layer is remarkably decreased.

Readers Who Read This Article Also Read

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Study of High Corrosion Resistant Zinc-Aluminum Composite Electroplated Steel Sheet

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Studies on Zn/Mn Electroplated Steel Sheets

Satoshi KADO, Saburo AYUSAWA, Takashi WATANABE

pp. 790-796

Abstract

As a result of extensive study, a new Zn (under layer)/Mn (top layer) coated steel sheet having excellent corrosion resistance, formability and weldability has been developed. The corrosion resistance of this dual coating is superior to those of other single layer coatings or alloy coatings especially in the environment of salt water.
The layers of Zn and Mn, being electrochemically baser than steel, protect the steel substrate effectively. Besides it has been confirmed that the corrosion products of Mn form a sort of film which acts as a protective barrier.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Studies on Zn/Mn Electroplated Steel Sheets

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

A Consideration on the Corrosion Resistance of Zn-Co Based Co-electrogalvanized Steel Sheet

Keiji ARIGA, Katsumi KANDA

pp. 797-806

Abstract

The corrosion resistance of Zn-Co based Co-electrogalvanized steel sheet has been investigated, and the effect of the additional elements (Co and Mo) containing in deposit on the corrosion behavior has been considered.
(1) Zn-Co-Mo plating is proved to withstand about 4 to 6 times longer, in the occurrence of red rust by salt spray test, than Zn plating, and has an excellent resistance against the deterioration of PVC adhesion under salt spray test.
(2) After the salt spray test, the corrosion potential of Zn-Co-Mo plating moves slowly to the Fe. On the other hand, that of Zn plating moves rapidly to the Fe potential. Though the initial corrosion current of Zn-Co-Mo plating is larger than that of Zn plating, the corrosion current of Zn-Co-Mo plating tends to be reduced with the corrosion progress, and it becomes smaller than Zn plating after all. The cathodic reaction of Fe exposed by the dissolution of Zn and the anodic reaction of Zn are controlled by the corrosion products containing the composite compounds of basic cobalt chloride and Mo (OH)3, so that the corrosion of Fe and the occurrence of red rust is restrained. Also, the corrosion resistance of PVC coating on Zn-Co-Mo plating steel sheet is superior to that on Zn plating steel sheet.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

A Consideration on the Corrosion Resistance of Zn-Co Based Co-electrogalvanized Steel Sheet

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

The Properties of Zinc-Iron Alloy Electroplated Steel Sheets

Toshio FUKUZUKA, Kazuichi KAJIWARA, Kenji MIKI

pp. 807-813

Abstract

Processes for the zinc-iron alloy electroplating on steel sheets, and the properties of these alloy electroplated steel sheets in comparison with the zinc electroplated steel sheets, were described.
(1) The composition of zinc-iron alloy electroplating was varied with the bath compositions and plating conditions, the iron content of the plating increased with the increase of iron content to zinc content in the bath, the plating current density and the pH of the plating bath, and decreased with the raise of bath temperature.
(2) Zinc-iron alloy electroplated steel sheets showed the good spot weldability according to the increase of the iron content of the plating, and this tendency was remarkable when the welding current was low.
(3) Zinc-iron alloy electroplated steel sheets with the iron content of 7% to 25% showed the best corrosion resistance and also the red rust produced on the plating was least.
(4) Zinc-iron electroplated steel sheets on which the electropainting was applied after phosphate treatment also showed better corrosion resistance than the zinc electroplated steel sheets according to the increase of iron content of plating.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

The Properties of Zinc-Iron Alloy Electroplated Steel Sheets

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Development of Corrosion Resistant Electrogalvarized Steel Including Small Amounts of Co and Cr

Kazuo MATSUDO, Takeshi ADANIYA, Masaru OHMURA, Masahiro OGAWA

pp. 814-820

Abstract

In order to develop the electrogalvanized steel with high corrosion resistance, conventional electrogalvanizing bath was modified with an addition of Co and Cr compounds. This newly developed coated steel is called FZ. FZ is produced by conventional electrogalvanizing process using a composite electrolyte containing small amount of cobalt and chromium ions. The corrosion resistance of the product is twice as high as the conventional electrogalvanized steel. The other properties such as formability and weldability are quite the same as conventional one. Chromate-treated and phosphate-treated products are also manufactured and their corrosion resistance and paint adhesion are excellent as well.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Development of Corrosion Resistant Electrogalvarized Steel Including Small Amounts of Co and Cr

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

55% Al-Zn-Alloy-Coated Sheet Steel

D.J. BLICKWEDE

pp. 821-834

Abstract

Based on extensive studies of 1 to 70% Al-Zn alloy coatings on sheet steel, the 55% Al-Zn alloy coating was found to have the optimum combination of corrosion resistance, heat resistance and galvanic protection of sheared edges of sheet. This paper reviews the corrosion and heat resistance of this new coated sheet product under various service conditions, as well as paintability, formability and weldability. This new coated sheet product is in commercial production now in the United States and Australia ( John Lysaght, Ltd, Inc) and will be produced soon in Sweden (Svengt Stal). The various commercial applications for this product are described.

Readers Who Read This Article Also Read

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

55% Al-Zn-Alloy-Coated Sheet Steel

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Study on Gas Wiping Mechanism for Continuous Galvanizing Line

Takeshi ADANIYA, Masaki ABE, Masahiro SHOJI, Hidekatsu YANO

pp. 835-844

Abstract

The relations between coating weight and control factors are investigated quantitatively in order to clear the mechanism of the gas wiping process. A fundamental equation model proposed from an analysis of the results is as follows :
W=K0P-K1DK2VK3 exp(K4/V)
where,
W : coating weight (g/m2·both sides)
P: gas pressure at nozzle header (kg/cm2·G)
D : distance between nozzles (mm)
V : line speed (m/min)
Although coefficients vary with the working conditions, this equation gives coating weight in the range of 7% standard deviation of error for our commercial line (K0=0.45, K1=0.63, K2=0.88, K3=0.50, K4=8.3).
Important factors for efficiency are the gas itself and the slit gap of nozzle. For minimization of the friction loss at nozzle, the selection of low viscous gas and relative large slit gap are effective.

Readers Who Read This Article Also Read

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Study on Gas Wiping Mechanism for Continuous Galvanizing Line

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

One-side Galvanizing of a Steel Strip by Electromagnetic Pump

Toshio FUKUZUKA, Masaaki URAI, Kenji WAKAYAMA

pp. 845-851

Abstract

Design and construction have been made on a new hot galvanizing apparatus which successfully galvanizes one-side of a steel strip by spouting molten zinc upwards through an electromagnetic pump. This apparatus also has a gas-wiping device to control the weight of coated zinc just after galvanizing. The results obtained are as follows :
(1) The electromagnetic pump can easily spout up molten zinc to sufficient height to perform one-side galvanizing.
(2) The spouting nozzle should be wider than the width of the steel strip to ensure galvanizing of the whole surface.
(3) The uncoated side was contaminated by molten zinc stuck to the guide roll surface on the outer side of the steel strip in case the guide roll was wholly made of steel. This contamination, however, could be avoided by covering the guide roll with a graphite or ceramics, to which molten zinc does not stick.
(4) The weight of coated zinc decreased drastically with an increase in the flow rate of the wiping gas, so that the weight of coated zinc could be minimized to 20 g /m2.
(5) The zinc coating obtained showed good quality and the oxide film on uncoated side was very thin.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

One-side Galvanizing of a Steel Strip by Electromagnetic Pump

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Development of One-side Galvanizing Process Using Stop-off Coating Method in Continuous Inline-anneal Type Hot Dip Galvanizing Line

Minari GOTOU, Hideo KOUMURA, Yoshinori FUJITA, Shunichi HARADA

pp. 852-857

Abstract

A new method of one-side galvanizing using a suitable stop-off coating in continuous inline type hot dip galvanizing line (CGL) has been developed. The stop-off coating is a water slurry comprising of water glass, alkali, H3BO3 and MgO or Mg(OH)2. The process is a continuous stepwise treatment system of cleaning-coating of the slurry-firing (combined with anneal)-galvanizing-removing of stop-off coating film.
One-side galvanized steel manufactured by this process offers a good corrosion resistant material for automobile body. Galvanized side of the product has good corrosion resistance and strong sacrificial corrosion protectability as a conventional galvanized steel sheet. These properties are effective in controlling aggressive local corrosion such as 'perforation' at the inside surface of auto body. The bare steel surface on the reverse side has good appearance similar to the conventional cold rolled steel sheet and better rust resistance, phosphatability and higher resistance against under-film corrosion. This superior corrosion resistance of the bare side of the one-side product originates in its exceptionally pure surface layer which is caused by cleaning action of the stop-off coating during annealing in CGL.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Development of One-side Galvanizing Process Using Stop-off Coating Method in Continuous Inline-anneal Type Hot Dip Galvanizing Line

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

On the Corrosion Behavior of Painted Galvanannealed Steel Sheet

Yasuhiko MIYOSHI, Katsuyoshi YOSHIDA, Tadao AZAMI, Tatsuya KANAMARU, Satoshi KADO

pp. 858-867

Abstract

Corrosion behavior of electrophoretically coated galvannealed-, galvanized-, and cold rolled steel sheet was investigated by salt spray test, cyclic corrosion test, 5% NaCl immersion test and heat cycle test. Galvannealed steel showed the best resistance against rust formation, followed by galvanized steel. Brown rust developed easily on cold rolled steel. Galvannealed steel also has the best resistance against blistering and galvanized steel the worst. This was confirmed by the direct observations of film exfoliation of specimens partly covered with clear lacquer in corrosive environments. According to the electrochemical experiments galvannealed steel, although its surface layer consists of Fe-Zn alloy, behaves like galvanized steel on the early stage of corrosion. Zinc corrosion products cover its surface under the film and suppress rust formation.
Scanning electro microscopic observations revealed that on galvanized steel Zn/phosphate interface under the film is attacked by OH- ions formed by cathodic reaction. This results in film exfoliation. On the other hand Fe-Zn/phosphate interface on galvannealed steel is not damaged easily by OH- ions because of the roughness of the Fe-Zn alloy surface, which brings about good film adherence.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

On the Corrosion Behavior of Painted Galvanannealed Steel Sheet

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Development of Aluminum Coated Steet Made by New Powder Coating Method

Motoharu HAMADA, Hiroshi KUBO, Shun-ichi HARADA

pp. 868-874

Abstract

An improved powder coating process to make a pure aluminum coated steel sheet has been developed by using a continuous pilot production line. This process is composed of preliminary coating of thin zinc layer, coating of aqueous slurry of aluminum powder, light rolling and heating at 500600°C. Preliminaly zinc coating of 0.03 to 0.1 μm thick is found to be very effective to improve the adhesion of aluminum film on the final product. By applying this method, it also becomes possible to add some special thickeners into aqueous slurry of aluminum powder, which strengthen the cohesive force of aluminum powder to base steel sheet during the coating process.
The product is characterized by pure aluminum coating up to 60 μm thick having attractive bright appearance, negligible pinholes in aluminum film, good film adhesion and excellent corrosion and heat resistance. The product can be bent tightly up to 180° and can be deep-drawn without exfoliation of coated aluminum. The surface of the product can be colored electrolytically just like as pure aluminum metal and also can be enameled.

Readers Who Read This Article Also Read

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Development of Aluminum Coated Steet Made by New Powder Coating Method

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

History and Recent Aspect of Precoated Galvanized Sheets in Japan

Hisao TAKAMURA, Noboru KONDOU

pp. 875-881

Readers Who Read This Article Also Read

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

History and Recent Aspect of Precoated Galvanized Sheets in Japan

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Tendency of Polyvinylchloride-Coated Steel Sheet

Yoshio OKI, Yoshiyuki SUGIMOTO

pp. 882-892

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Tendency of Polyvinylchloride-Coated Steel Sheet

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

The Long-life Organic Coatings on Steel Sheet

Haruki FUJII, Yasuro KANAZAWA, Isao MIYAWAKI

pp. 893-904

Readers Who Read This Article Also Read

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

The Long-life Organic Coatings on Steel Sheet

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Role and Mechanism of Corrosion Protection by Organic Coatings

Yoshiaki OHYABU

pp. 905-917

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Role and Mechanism of Corrosion Protection by Organic Coatings

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Fundametal Characteristics of Zinc Phosphate Coating

Ryuji KOJIMA, Hiroshi OKITA, Yasunobu MATSUSHIMA

pp. 924-934

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Fundametal Characteristics of Zinc Phosphate Coating

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

The Influence of Surface Films on Corrosion Resistance of Cold Rolled Steel Sheets afterward Phosphated and Electro-painted

Toshio FUKUZUKA, Kazuichi KAJIWARA, Kenji MIKI, Shigeki KIRIHARA, Tomoyuki HOSHINO, Kunio KAWAMOTO, Sumihiko TANAKA

pp. 935-944

Abstract

Car bodies made of cold rolled steel sheets are phosphated and electro-painted. In these processes, the surface contamination of cold rolled steel sheet may have influence on the performance of phosphate coating and that of paint coating.
In this work, the influence of surface film on corrosion resistance of cold rolled steel sheet afterward phosphated and electro-painted was studied.
The results obtained are as follows
1. The thickness of oxide film and that of carbonaceous film on steel sheet could be measured by ellipsometry.
2. In order to heighten the corrosion resistance of electro-painted steel sheet, oxide film needs to be controlled thinner than 160Å, and also carbonaceous film needs to be controlled thinner than 40Å.
3. The thickness of oxide film was in the range of 31Å to 102Å, and that of carbonaceous film was thinner than 35Å, when cold rolled steel sheet was degreased by electrolytic method, and then annealed by open-coil method.

Readers Who Read This Article Also Read

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

The Influence of Surface Films on Corrosion Resistance of Cold Rolled Steel Sheets afterward Phosphated and Electro-painted

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Effect of Surface Segregation during Annealing and Surface Oxide Film on Phosphate Coating of Cold Rolled Steel Sheet

Shigeru WAKANO, Noriaki USUKI, Minoru NISHIHARA, Nobukatsu FUJINO

pp. 945-952

Abstract

The effects of the segregation of some elements and the transmutation of surface oxide film induced during box annealing on the phosphating of cold rolled steel sheet have been studied through the measurement of spontaneous potential in the KH2PO4/NaOH buffer solution of pH 7 and the surface analysis by IMMA, ESCA and F. X..
The first stage of the phosphate reaction is the dissolution of oxide layer at the steel surface. The dissolution rate of oxide film depends largely on the bonding state of oxygen in the surface (whether Fe-O bond or Fe-OH bond).
The layer having Fe-OH bond decreases the rate of phosphate nucleation.
The second stage is the growth of phosphate film. It is considerably affected by the enrichment of Mn and P at the steel surface that occurs during annealing. These elements are identified as the oxide state and have influence on the dissolution of iron, because of constituting the local cell with matrix iron. The Mn enrichment accelerates iron dissolution and so enhances the growth of phosphate film. But the P enrichment behaves oppositely.

Readers Who Read This Article Also Read

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Effect of Surface Segregation during Annealing and Surface Oxide Film on Phosphate Coating of Cold Rolled Steel Sheet

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

The Uniformity of Initially Deposited Layers in Electro-Tin-Plating and Its Effect on Corrosion Resistance

Hiroshi KAGECHIKA, Yoshinori YOMURA, Tomihiro HARA

pp. 964-970

Abstract

The uniformity of initially deposited layers will affect the corrosion resistance of electro-tin-plate, especially its iron solution value (ISV). The uniformity of initially deposited layers, which can be evaluated by ADC test (Anodic Dissolution Current Test) developed in our laboratory, will vary with change in plating current density and the chemical composition of the plating bath. It is most affected by the concentration of leveling agent. The initially deposited layers become more uniform with increase in the concentration of leveling agent. The result seems to be different from the usual concept of the optimum concentration of leveling agent in the plating bath. However, the present result is effective only in the initial stage of electrodeposition which ends when 1. 2g/m2 tin is deposited on the substrate surface. In the following second stage in electroplating, high concentration of the leveling agent gives adverse effect on the corrosion resistance. On the basis of the result above, two-step electro-tin-plating processs has been introduced, which has independently controlled initial and the second plating processes. It is shown that the electro-tin-plate made by this two step process has high corrosion resistance.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

The Uniformity of Initially Deposited Layers in Electro-Tin-Plating and Its Effect on Corrosion Resistance

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

The Corrosion Evaluation Tests for Tinplate

Yoshiaki SHIMIZU, Iwao MATSUSHIMA

pp. 971-978

Abstract

The Alloy-Tin (ATC) and Iron-Solution (ISV) tests are generally accepted to evaluate the corrosion resistance of electrolytic tinplate in plain cans for moderately acid foods. The relative potential difference between alloy-layer and base steel, which mainly depends upon the electrochemical characteristcs of steel, plays an important role to these test results.
It is also described that the corrosion resistance of tinplate can be measured by means of proper evaluation ways, such as newly developed ASC(Alloy-Steel Couple), TAG (Tinplate-Alloy Couple) tests and polarization technique, which directly correlated with each corrosion process of tinplate in plain cans in moderately acid foods.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

The Corrosion Evaluation Tests for Tinplate

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Effect of Tin Plate Quality on DI Can Fabrication

Hajime NITTO, Yashichi OYAGI, Hirohumi NAKANO

pp. 979-985

Abstract

Effect of the plate qualities was studied on property of surface lubrication that is necessary for DI can fabrication.
DI canmaking energy was newly used besides the forming load as a means of evaluation on the property of lubrication. It was found that the value of this energy could be a standard of the evalution to the die life of the commercial DI machine. Therefore this energy was found valid as the means of the valuation of tin plate qualities.
In tin plate qualities the factors that affected DI canmaking energy were tin coating weight, tiniron alloy layer amount, chemical treatment, sheet thickness, temper grade. Surface roughness of the original sheet was hardly effective on DI canmaking energy.
But it was considered that surface roughness was effective on the die life. Because surface roughness was effective on the tin corevage of the can wall at DI process.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Effect of Tin Plate Quality on DI Can Fabrication

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Unusual Surface Color on the Tin Free Steel

Katsuyoshi YOSHIDA, Akihira SUZUKI, Kazuyuki DOI, Katsutoshi ARAI

pp. 986-991

Abstract

It has been shown by the electron microscope that the unusual surface color which occurs sometimes on the TFS is caused by small projections of deposited metallic chromium.
As the upper layer of the cathode film of the chromium plating is easily soluble into the electrolyte, small local defects of the cathode film are produced by dissolution when the steel strip runs from one plating cell to the following cell, because plating current is not applied between the plating cells. The metallic chromium deposition in the next plating cell occurs preferentially at the site of the local defects and forms the projections there.
This theory agrees well with authors study on the cathode film that the metallic chromium deposits not from the cathode film but chromium complexes by penetrating the cathode film and reaching strip surface.
Low current density pretreatment in each plating cell is effective for the prevention of the unusual color on the surface.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Unusual Surface Color on the Tin Free Steel

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Recent Can Coating's Materials and Their Application

Seishichi KOBAYASHI

pp. 992-999

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Recent Can Coating's Materials and Their Application

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

A Study on Punchability and Weldability of Electrical Steel Sheets with the Insulating Coating

Motoharu NAKAMURA, Hiroshi OKADA, Kiyoshi MATSUI, Minoru KITAYAMA

pp. 1000-1009

Abstract

A study on the punchability and weldability of electrical steel sheets with the insulting coating has brought to the following conclusions:
1) A new inorganic-organic insulting coating improves the punchability of electrical steel sheets by more than 30 times compared with the conventional inorganic insulating coating.
2) The reason for this marked improvement in punchability cannot be explained by the shearing energy involved.
Probably, the addition of organic matter decreases the side wear of the punch.
3) The weldability of electrical steel sheets with the new insulating coating is impaired by the gas evolved through the thermal decomposition of organic matter contained.
Release of this gas from around weld beads can enhance weldability.
An industrially advantageous method is to roughen the electrical steel sheet or the insulting coating itself.
In this way, a process has been established under which an inorganic-organic insulating coating is used as the surface coating of electrical steel sheets to satisfy their punchability and weldability requirements at the same time.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

A Study on Punchability and Weldability of Electrical Steel Sheets with the Insulating Coating

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

On Insulating Coatings Improving Punchability of Non-oriented Electrical Steel Sheets

Toshikuni TANDA, Tomoyuki ICHI, Nobuyuki MORITO, Toshio IRIE, Hiroshi SHIMANAKA

pp. 1010-1016

Abstract

In addition to magnetic properties, excellent punchability and TIG weldability are required for nonoriented electrical steel sheets. These properties depend not only on the mechanical properties and chemical composition of steels, but also on the character of insulating coating applied to steel sheets.
This report provides an outline of development in Kawasaki Steel Corporation during the last decade in insulating coating improving the punchability and weldability of electrical steel sheets. The first success in improvement of punchability was established by the chromate coating obtained by the solution with the specific composition of Ca/CrO3=0.195. This coating is significant as the basis of the subsequent development in insulating coatings with respect to punchability.
The next developed coating, composed of the chromate-organic resin double layered film, had better punchability as compared with other insulating coatings at that time. This coating, however, had poor TIG weldability, and further development has been made and succeeded to solve this problem.
The chromate-organic resin mixed coatings with smooth surface and with the agglomerated coarse particles in its own film are, in present, applied to electrical steel sheets. These newly developed coatings have both excellent punchability and TIG weldability.
The change in structure of the chromate coating and chromate-organic resin mixed coating during baking has also been investigated by means of infrared absorption spectra.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

On Insulating Coatings Improving Punchability of Non-oriented Electrical Steel Sheets

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

The Present Situation of Surface Treatment Technology for Stainless Steels

Keinosuke TSUJI, Youichi NAKAGAWA

pp. 1017-1027

Abstract

[in Japanese]

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

The Present Situation of Surface Treatment Technology for Stainless Steels

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Polyethylene Powder-Coated Steel Pipe for Water Service

Kunitoshi KIMURA, Koji NOJI

pp. 1028-1034

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Polyethylene Powder-Coated Steel Pipe for Water Service

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Polyethylene Coating Techniques for Large Diameter Linepipes

Mansei TANAKA, Fuyuhiko OTSUKI, Hiroshi YOSHIDA, Morihiro WADA

pp. 1035-1041

Abstract

A polyethylene coating process that uses a flat-die extrusion method has been developed by Nippon Steel Corporation and others to manufacture polyethylene coated large-diameter steel pipes.
They are used in pipelines for the long distant transportation of natural gas or oil.
In this process, the molten polyethylene sheet is wound around the pipes as they rotate and advance on the skew rolls. The new developed process is able to meet changes in pipe diameter and coating thickness with a single size of die. The properties of molten polyethylene give an important influence on the good appearance and uniformity of the polyethylene coating. Accordingly, it is necessary to use polyethylene with a high melt strength, a low melt index and a low shrinkage stress.
Furthermore, rapid cooling after the polyethylene coating is necessary to guarantee excellent impact resistance of the coated pipes at low temperatures.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Polyethylene Coating Techniques for Large Diameter Linepipes

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Development of the Equipment for the Asphalt Coated Steel Pipe Piles

Yukichi WATANABE, Tadao KIMURA

pp. 1042-1046

Abstract

The portable asphalt coating equipment, as a new method of asphalt coating for the reduction of negative friction acting to piles, has been developed. The asphalt sheet, cooled and shaped by the rotary cooling drums, is winded to the steel tube, while the asphalt has the plasticity in a certain range of temperature.
The characteristic feature of this equipment is as follows:
(1) The equipment is compact and able to coat asphalt easily at the site where piles are drived. Thus the problems encountered on the transportation or the storage, i. e. damages of coating, can be settled.
(2) The coating thickness is uniform over the whole length of piles, as a result of coating method of sheet winding. Also, coating adhesion is excellent. By the actual piling test, the coated piles produced by the new method were confirmed to be able to put to practical use.

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

Development of the Equipment for the Asphalt Coated Steel Pipe Piles

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

抄録

雀部 実, 小林 一彦, 月橋 文孝, 竹内 秀次, 檀 武弘, 加藤 嘉英, 郡司 好喜, 矢萩 正人, 梶原 正憲, 名村 夏樹, 長井 寿, 村上 雅人, 三宅 英徳

pp. 1048-1054

mendeley

Bookmark

Detail

PDF Download

Share it with SNS

Article Title

抄録

twitter
facebook
mendeley

Bibtex

Ris

Article Access Ranking

18 Jul. (Last 30 Days)

You can use this feature after you logged into the site.
Please click the button below.

Advanced Search

Article Title

Author

Abstract

Journal Title

Year

Please enter the publication date
with Christian era
(4 digits).

Please enter your search criteria.