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Tetsu-to-Hagané
Vol. 61 (1975), No. 14

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 61 (1975), No. 14

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ONLINE ISSN:	1883-2954
PRINT ISSN:	0021-1575
Publisher:	The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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21 Nov. (Last 30 Days)

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 61 (1975), No. 14

還元鉄に思う

武田喜三

pp. 2921-2922

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還元鉄に思う

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Heat Transfer Analysis on Burning-Out of Tuyeres

Akira MORIYAMA, Kazuo ARAKI

pp. 2923-2932

Abstract

Data on the temperature of tuyeres in operation, hitherto reported, were analysed to estimate some thermal properties of the tuyere and its environment.
For any material, thermal behaviors of the tuyere were theoretically discussed during the stationary blast furnace operation, as well as just after and in subsequently contacting with molten pig iron. The methods and their results are useful in searches for materials and in designing proper thickness of the tuyere.
Copper, aluminum and steel tuyere, as examples, were calculated and shown to be safely applicable to ordinary blast furnace conditions. It may be not preferable to reduce the wall thickness for preventing burning-out of copper and aluminum tuyeres.
Contrarily, a definite thickness of the wall of steel tuyere remains unmelted in contact with molten pig iron: the surface temperature of its nose wall, particularly less than 0.9 cm of thickness, cannot attain to melting point of the material.

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Heat Transfer Analysis on Burning-Out of Tuyeres

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Activity of Phosphorus in Liquid Fe-P and Fe-P-C Alloys

Shiro BAN-YA, Mikio SUZUKI

pp. 2933-2942

Abstract

The activity of phosphorus in liquid iron and iron-carbon alloys has been measured by distribution experiments between the immiscible liquid iron and silver at temperatures of 1300°-1600°C and in the composition range up to 21.0 weight percent phosphorus. The results obtained were treated by the model of interstitial solution proposed by J. CHIPMAN. It has been found that the apparent distribution constant of phosphorus is expressed with a linear function which has a inflection at the composition of Fe₃P at constant temperature.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
The distribution constant of phosphorus:
logK (=a^Ag_p/a^Fe_p) =-7180 /T+0.54
The activity coefficient:
logψ^p_p=0.982y_p…0y_p<0.33
logψ^p_p=-2.32+7.96y_p…0.33y_p<0.5
logψ^c_p=1.18y_c…y_p<0.33, y_c<0.17
The interaction parameter:
ε^p_p= (∂ln_{γ_p}/∂X_p) X_Fe→1=4.26±0.5
ε^c_p= (∂ln_{γ_p}/∂X_c) X_Fe→1=4.72±1.1

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Activity of Phosphorus in Liquid Fe-P and Fe-P-C Alloys

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The Electrical Conductivity of CaO-SiO₂-Fe_tO Slag

Kiichi NARITA, Toshio ONOYE, Teruo ISHII, Ken'ichiro UEMURA

pp. 2943-2951

Abstract

The electrical conductivity of CaO-SiO₂-Fe_tO slag in contact with iron was measured at 1300°C using AC bridge (1000 H_z). A drastic increase of the electrical conductivity was observed with increase of Fe_tO content. The Arrhenius relation between the conductivity and the temperature were satisfied in both high and low Fe_tO slag (33.6 mol% and 67.5 mol% respectively).
Experiments were also carried out on the effect of additives on the electrical conductivity of the slag. From the results obtained for the fayalite composition, of which SiO₂ was substituted for additives, CaO and MgO were found to contribute to the conductivity by almost the same degree as equivalent Fe_tO. TiO₂ changed the conductivity only a little, which means that TiO₂ can be substituted for equivalent SiO₂. The conductivity of the slag, where SiO₂ was substituted for Al₂O₃, was equal to that of the slag, where Al₂O₃ was assumed to fix equivalent Fe_tO. CaF₂showed a minor increase of the conductivity.
The electrical conductivities were also measured varying the basicity (CaO/SiO₂) of the slag with constant Fe_tO and additives such as MgO, CaF₂, B₂O₃, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂.

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The Electrical Conductivity of CaO-SiO₂-Fe_tO Slag

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Effect of Stirring of the Liquid Phase on the Formation of CO Blowholes and Macrosegregation during Solidification of Iron

Kazumi MORI, Tadashi HIRAIWA, Hiroyuki NOMURA

pp. 2952-2961

Abstract

Two series of experimental studies have been made of uni-directional solidification of iron for the variation of intensity of CO formation at the solidification velocity of 5 mm/min: one was solidification from inductively stirred melts, and the other from quiescent melts. In the latter case a molybdenum tube was used as the susceptor of high frequency induction.
The transitional concentration range for the formation of elongated blowholes was unaffected by the stirring and was found to be [%O] _{t, l}=0.003-0.004 ([%C] _L=0.11-0.13) to [%O] _{t, u}=0.010-0.011 ([%C] _L=0.14-0.17).
Elongated blowholes observed in the solidified specimens were classified into three types: cylindrical, beads-like, and discrete beads-like. It was found that the formation of blowholes was unaffected by the stirring.
In the case of solidification without CO formation, the effective distribution coefficient k* melts was nearly equal to one, whereas in the presence of stirring it was 0.90-0.95. In contrast to this, in the case of solidification with the formation of CO, the stirring produced no detectable effect on k* With the onset of CO blowhole formation, k* tion, k*
It is shown that the present data give a reasonable explanation to macrosegregation occurring during solidification of a riming steel.

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Effect of Stirring of the Liquid Phase on the Formation of CO Blowholes and Macrosegregation during Solidification of Iron

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Thermodynamics of Liquid Iron-Carbon Solutions

Akira UEDA, Kimio FUJIMURA, Toshisada MORI

pp. 2962-2971

Abstract

The activity of iron in liquid iron-carbon solutions has been determined in the whole range of carbon concentration up to its saturation at 1 550° and 1 630° by measuring the rate of effusion of iron vapor through the orifice of alumina cells. It is found that the rate of effusion of iron through the orifice per unit time and unit orifice area at a constant temperature is constant independent of the orifice area.
The logarithm of activity coefficient of iron expressed in atom fraction unit is proportional to the square of atom ratio of carbon to iron at each temperature.
The activity coefficient of carbon is calculated from the value of that of iron by integrating the Gibbs-Duhem equation. The interaction parameters of carbon in liquid iron-carbon solutions have been expressed as a function of temperature and the concentration of carbon either in atom fraction or in weight percentage unit in the whole range of carbon up to its saturation.
Partial molar enthalpy and entropy of mixing of carbon in iron-carbon solutions are calculated as the function of atom fraction of carbon.
The obtained thermodynamic values are compared with those of other authors.

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Thermodynamics of Liquid Iron-Carbon Solutions

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Electromagnetic Stirring of Molten Core in Continuous Casting of High Carbon Steel

Hitoshi IWATA, Katsuhiko YAMADA, Teruo FUJITA, Kyozo HAYASHI

pp. 2972-2981

Abstract

Two-pole rotary field type electromagnetic stirring was applied in the secondary cooling zone in order to reduce center-line segregation of continuously cast high carbon steel billets.
The results obtained are summarized as follows.
(1) A homogeneous macrostructure of equi-axial crystals are obtained by the stirring.
(2) It is proved that the stirring is more effective at higher casting temperatures, by a statistical method which is presented to accurately evaluate the degree of center-line segregation of continuously cast billets.
(3) Tensile properties of products, PC wire, are improved by the stirring.

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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.60(1974), No.11

Equilibrium between Cerium and Sulphur in Liquid Iron

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.61(1975), No.13

凝固

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.61(1975), No.4

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Electromagnetic Stirring of Molten Core in Continuous Casting of High Carbon Steel

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Relation between Large Inclusions and Growth Directions of Columnar Dendrites in Continuously Cast Slabs

Shinobu OKANO, Takashi NISHIMURA, Hirohi OOI, Tatsukichi CHINO

pp. 2982-2990

Abstract

It is well known that the columnar dendrite grows in a direction opposing the liquid flow. Therefore, in order to make clear the fluid flow within liquid pool, the solidification structures of steel slabs cast continuously by the curved mould bending type machine were investigated. At the same time, the amount of large inclusions trapped within the upper part of slab was measured by the method of X-ray radiography. The following results were obtained;
(1) The deflection angle of columnar dendrite, depending on the solidification rate and the flow velocity along the solidified shell, is large at the edge of slab, but smaller near to the center of slab.
(2) The amount of large inclusions in the accumulated zone of slab increases in proportion to its deflection angle of columnar dendrite.
(3) In case of the asymmetrical flow from nozzle pores, the distribution of large inclusions in the direction of slab width becomes asymmetrical, and the amount of large inclusions extremely increases at the edge of strong flow side.

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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.61(1975), No.4

Report of the Nonmetallic Inclusion Analysis Subcommittee

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.60(1974), No.13

The Influence of Kind of Deoxidizer on Rimming Action

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.61(1975), No.6

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Relation between Large Inclusions and Growth Directions of Columnar Dendrites in Continuously Cast Slabs

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“Al-Wire-Feeder System” for the Control of Sol. Al Contentin Continuous Casting of Al-Killed Steel

Shunichi TANAKA, Hideo UCHIBORI, Masayuki HANMYO, Shigetaka UCHIDA

pp. 2991-2997

Abstract

The technique of aluminum addition into molton steel is very important on the steel processing of low carbon aluminum killed steels. In the first place, the yield of aluminium from a given addition is not constant since these steels are usually in the low carbon ranges, furthermore a very narrow range of Sol. Al value is required in such steels in view of the formability of their end products.
The steelmaking shop at Fukuyama Works, Nippon Kokan K. K. has been producing large quantities of continuously cast slabs having stable Sol. Al value and excellent surface and interior quality from those killed steels treated with ladle additions of aluminium wire by means of the “Al-wire feeder” developed by the company. As a result of application of this method, the standard deviation of Sol-Al content in steel has been reduced from 0.011 to 0.008 percent.

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“Al-Wire-Feeder System” for the Control of Sol. Al Contentin Continuous Casting of Al-Killed Steel

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Effects of Sulfide Inclusions on Ductility and Toughness of Structural Steels

Isao KOZASU

pp. 2998-3021

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特殊精錬

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.60(1974), No.11

Equilibrium between Cerium and Sulphur in Liquid Iron

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.61(1975), No.13

凝固

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.61(1975), No.4

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Effects of Sulfide Inclusions on Ductility and Toughness of Structural Steels

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Methane-Steam Reformer by High Temperature Helium

Heiji IKEGAMI, Yasuo MORI

pp. 3022-3034

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Methane-Steam Reformer by High Temperature Helium

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渡辺嘉明, 拝田治, 鈴木健一郎, 藤井徹也, 山口弘二, 新谷紀雄, 八木晃一, 内堀勝之

pp. 3035-3038

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Activity of Phosphorus in Liquid Fe-P and Fe-P-C Alloys

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The Electrical Conductivity of CaO-SiO2-FetO Slag

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Effect of Stirring of the Liquid Phase on the Formation of CO Blowholes and Macrosegregation during Solidification of Iron

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Thermodynamics of Liquid Iron-Carbon Solutions

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Electromagnetic Stirring of Molten Core in Continuous Casting of High Carbon Steel

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Relation between Large Inclusions and Growth Directions of Columnar Dendrites in Continuously Cast Slabs

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“Al-Wire-Feeder System” for the Control of Sol. Al Contentin Continuous Casting of Al-Killed Steel

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In-situ Observation of Precipitation and Growth of MnS Inclusions during Solidification of a High Sulfur Steel

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The Electrical Conductivity of CaO-SiO₂-Fe_tO Slag

Injection of hydrogenous gases into the blast furnace tuyeres for reducing CO₂ emissions: a review

Precipitation Behavior of MnS from Molten Iron to Al₂O₃ during Solidification

Molecular dynamics simulation of viscosity of the CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ melts