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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 110 (2024), No. 8

ISIJ International
belloff

Grid List Abstracts
ONLINE ISSN: 1883-2954
PRINT ISSN: 0021-1575
Publisher: The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

Backnumber

  1. Vol. 110 (2024)

    1. No.9
    2. No.8
    3. No.7
    4. No.6
    5. No.5
    6. No.4
    7. No.3
    8. No.2
    9. No.1

  2. Vol. 109 (2023)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  3. Vol. 108 (2022)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  4. Vol. 107 (2021)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
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  5. Vol. 106 (2020)

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    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
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  6. Vol. 105 (2019)

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    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
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  7. Vol. 104 (2018)

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    5. No.8
    6. No.7
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    8. No.5
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  8. Vol. 103 (2017)

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    6. No.7
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  9. Vol. 102 (2016)

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    6. No.7
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  10. Vol. 101 (2015)

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  11. Vol. 100 (2014)

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  12. Vol. 99 (2013)

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  13. Vol. 98 (2012)

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  14. Vol. 97 (2011)

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  15. Vol. 96 (2010)

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  16. Vol. 95 (2009)

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  17. Vol. 94 (2008)

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    6. No.7
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  18. Vol. 93 (2007)

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  19. Vol. 92 (2006)

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    6. No.7
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  20. Vol. 91 (2005)

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  21. Vol. 90 (2004)

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  22. Vol. 89 (2003)

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  23. Vol. 88 (2002)

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  24. Vol. 87 (2001)

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    5. No.8
    6. No.7
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  25. Vol. 86 (2000)

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    3. No.10
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    5. No.8
    6. No.7
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  26. Vol. 85 (1999)

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    6. No.7
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  27. Vol. 84 (1998)

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    5. No.8
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  28. Vol. 83 (1997)

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    5. No.8
    6. No.7
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  29. Vol. 82 (1996)

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    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  30. Vol. 81 (1995)

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    5. No.8
    6. No.7
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  31. Vol. 80 (1994)

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    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
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  32. Vol. 79 (1993)

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    6. No.7
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  33. Vol. 78 (1992)

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  34. Vol. 77 (1991)

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  35. Vol. 76 (1990)

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  36. Vol. 75 (1989)

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  37. Vol. 74 (1988)

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  38. Vol. 73 (1987)

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    3. No.14
    4. No.13
    5. No.12
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  39. Vol. 72 (1986)

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    3. No.14
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    6. No.11
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  40. Vol. 71 (1985)

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    3. No.14
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  41. Vol. 70 (1984)

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    3. No.14
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  42. Vol. 69 (1983)

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  43. Vol. 68 (1982)

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  44. Vol. 67 (1981)

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  45. Vol. 66 (1980)

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    3. No.12
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  46. Vol. 65 (1979)

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  47. Vol. 64 (1978)

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  48. Vol. 63 (1977)

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  49. Vol. 62 (1976)

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  50. Vol. 61 (1975)

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  51. Vol. 60 (1974)

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  52. Vol. 59 (1973)

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  53. Vol. 58 (1972)

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  54. Vol. 57 (1971)

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  55. Vol. 56 (1970)

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  56. Vol. 55 (1969)

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  57. Vol. 54 (1968)

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  58. Vol. 53 (1967)

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  59. Vol. 52 (1966)

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  60. Vol. 51 (1965)

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  61. Vol. 50 (1964)

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  62. Vol. 49 (1963)

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  63. Vol. 48 (1962)

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  64. Vol. 47 (1961)

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  65. Vol. 46 (1960)

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  66. Vol. 45 (1959)

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  67. Vol. 44 (1958)

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  68. Vol. 43 (1957)

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  69. Vol. 42 (1956)

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  70. Vol. 41 (1955)

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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 110 (2024), No. 8

Ductile Fracture Prediction during Metal Forming Using an Ellipsoidal Void Model and Some Other Models

Kazutake Komori

pp. 569-589

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-033

Abstract

This paper reviews studies on the prediction of ductile fracture during metal forming using an ellipsoidal void model and some other models proposed by the author and some relevant studies. Section 2 discusses the research on the theory of voids for predicting ductile fracture during metal forming. Section 3 summarizes the simulation method for predicting ductile fracture during metal forming using the ellipsoidal void model, and Section 4 summarizes the simulation result on the ductile fracture prediction during metal forming using the ellipsoidal void model. Section 5 shows the applicability of the ellipsoidal void model and the simulation result on the ductile fracture prediction during metal forming using some other models.

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Ductile Fracture Prediction during Metal Forming Using an Ellipsoidal Void Model and Some Other Models

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Development of Defect Detection Algorithm for Surface Inspection System Using Twin Illumination and Subtraction Technique

Hiroaki Ono, Masami Tate, Takahiko Oshige, Yukinori Iizuka

pp. 590-602

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-009

Abstract

Surface inspection of steel products is very important for quality assurance. Many automatic in-line surface inspection systems using the camera technique have already been installed in sheet production lines. However, automatic surface inspection of steel products such as steel pipes and thick plates has not advanced because the entire product surface is covered with uneven mill scale, and it is difficult to distinguish the pattern of the mill scale from defects with concave-convex shapes in images of the camera.

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Development of Defect Detection Algorithm for Surface Inspection System Using Twin Illumination and Subtraction Technique

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Evaluation of the Effect of Slag Properties on Roadbed Bearing Capacity with X-ray CT

Hiromu Yano, Yusuke Kato, Seiji Hosohara, Kenta Miyazaki, Toshifumi Mukunoki

pp. 603-609

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-012

Abstract

Main application of steelmaking slag is a base course material. In order to utilize slag as a base course material, it is necessary to have various characteristics in the criteria, and the modified California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value which evaluates the performance as a base course material is an important index in comparison with other competitors. Although it is expected that various factors such as properties and granularity affect CBR characteristics and compaction properties, the particle properties and granularity of steelmaking slag is different on each refining process which produce steelmaking slag. In addition, until now, X-ray CT measurement for slag base course material and effect of particle property have not been examined. Therefore, in this study, measurement of the internal phenomena of the steelmaking slag base course material by micro-focused X-ray CT and various measurement were carried out. It was revealed that the particle strength of porous particles is lower than that of dense real particles regardless of particle size and the subbase bearing capacity did not differ as much as the particle strength difference. In addition, from the mechanism by which the stress propagates and elastic finite element analysis by using X-ray CT, it was considered that the distribution of the stress was changed by the dispersion of the particle strength of each grain, and it affected the property of base course material which was the integral value of the effective stress.

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Evaluation of the Effect of Slag Properties on Roadbed Bearing Capacity with X-ray CT

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Mechanism of Formation of Aluminum-containing Carbide Layers on Carbon Steel by Al Pack Method

Daichi Fujisaki, Shigenari Hayashi, Suzue Yoneda

pp. 610-620

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-006

Abstract

The effect of C content in steels on the formation of an Al-containing carbide layer by an Al pack method at 980°C was investigated. The continuous layer consisting of an outer β-FeAl and inner Fe3AlC layers was formed on Fe-1.2C (in wt.%) by a short process time. An α-Fe(Al) layer with Fe3AlC precipitates was formed below the β-FeAl layer on Fe-0.7C after 16 h of process, thereafter an Fe3AlC layer was formed between the β-FeAl and α-Fe(Al) + Fe3AlC layers after 25 h. The β-FeAl and α-Fe(Al)+ Fe3AlC layers were formed on Fe-0.1C, but a continuous Fe3AlC layer was not developed after longer treatment. A continuous Fe3AlC layer formed by an Al pack method was explained by carbon enrichment at the α-Fe(Al)/γ-Fe(C) interface due to an inward growth of the α-Fe(Al) layer.

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Mechanism of Formation of Aluminum-containing Carbide Layers on Carbon Steel by Al Pack Method

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Effects of Retained Austenite upon Softening during Low-temperature Tempering in Martensitic Carbon Steels

Shohei Uranaka, Misa Takanashi, Takuya Maeda, Takuro Masumura, Toshihiro Tsuchiyama, Yuzo Kawamoto, Hiroyuki Shirahata, Yukiko Kobayashi, Ryuji Uemori

pp. 621-631

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-029

Abstract

The effects of retained austenite upon softening during low-temperature tempering at 373 K were investigated using martensitic carbon steels with and without retained austenite. To increase the amount of retained austenite, 10 mass% Ni was added to the base carbon steel (Fe-0.3C alloy). During tempering, the hardness decreased more rapidly in the Ni-added steel containing 6 vol.% retained austenite than in the base steel without retained austenite. Analyses of the microstructure and the carbon content in the solid solution (i.e., the solute carbon concentration) revealed that the retained austenite tended to suppress carbide precipitation and significantly reduced the solute carbon concentration in the martensitic matrix. We demonstrated that retained austenite acts as an effective absorption site for solute carbon in the martensitic matrix; however, the partitioned carbon is unevenly localized near the martensite/austenite interface, owing to the poor diffusivity at 373 K.

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Effects of Retained Austenite upon Softening during Low-temperature Tempering in Martensitic Carbon Steels

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Hydrogen Embrittlement Properties of Rapid Tempered High-Si Steel and Effects of the Carbide and Retained Austenite on Its Properties

Manami Sunako, Masataka Mizumoto, Azusa Ooi, Eiji Tada

pp. 632-641

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-036

Abstract

Automotive suspension springs are required to be high-strength and lightweight, and currently have a maximum strength of 2000 MPa. In addition, they must have high resistance to hydrogen embrittlement in the service environment. From previous researches, Si addition or rapid tempering improve the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of low alloy steel. In this study, we investigated the hydrogen embrittlement properties of steel samples with different Si contents and tempering rates and the effects of the fine iron carbides and retained austenite on its properties for 2000 MPa suspension spring steel. JISSUP7 (2.0Si) and SAE9254 (1.4Si) spring steels were tempered at different tempering rates by induction (IH) and furnace heating (FH) methods. Four-point bending tests under corrosion cycles were performed on these steels, and the time to failure was measured. The results show that the 2.0Si-IH steel with higher Si content and higher tempering rate has the longest fracture life and highest resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, even with relatively high diffusible hydrogen content. The size and volume fraction of iron carbides and retained austenite were evaluated by TEM, EBSD, and synchrotron XRD, and the 2.0Si-IH steels were found to have the smallest size and the highest volume fraction of fine iron carbides Fe2-3C(ε) and the highest amount of retained austenite. It is considered that the fine iron carbides of Fe2-3C(ε) work as hydrogen trap sites and that their high dispersion suppresses dislocation movement. They suppress hydrogen accumulation in stress concentrated areas and are expected to improve resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.

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Hydrogen Embrittlement Properties of Rapid Tempered High-Si Steel and Effects of the Carbide and Retained Austenite on Its Properties

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Properties and Effectiveness of the High Phosphate Slag Fertilizer

Masayuki Tani, Rintaro Kinoshita, Kazumitsu Onishi, Hideki Ikemoto, Jun Wasaki, Yohey Hashimoto, Toshiya Harada, Hiroshi Hirata, Shohei Kakimoto

pp. 642-651

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-011

Abstract

High phosphate slag fertilizer (SHP) contains phosphorous, calcium, magnesium and silicon, expected to be effective in supplying plant nutrients and improving soil acidity. We clarified the characteristics and effects of the SHP as a fertilizer. Nippon Steel Corporation prepared the SHP prototypes by concentrating phosphorus through high-temperature processing. Five types (SHP12, SHP15, SHP18-1, SHP18-2, SHP27-2) were examined through dissolution test, pot cultivation experiment, and evaluation of improving effect on soil acidity. The SHP12 was insoluble in water but soluble in various acids and most SHP contained more than 95% of acid-soluble phosphate and silicate. Above-ground growth and phosphate uptake of spinach was higher in the SHP12 plot than in no-phosphate, ammonium phosphate and fused phosphate plots, indicating that phosphorus in the SHP12 could be absorbed more easily than the common phosphate fertilizers. Above-ground growth and phosphate uptake of wheat was also high in the SHP12 and SHP15 plots, which was comparable to ammonium phosphate plot. However, the SHP27-2 had little effect as a phosphate fertilizer. The SHP12 and SHP15 could be expected to supply calcium and silicon as well as phosphorous. Although most SHP showed the same ability to improve soil acidity as calcium carbonate, it might be necessary to avoid excessive increase in soil pH depending on the soil condition and the ability of SHP. We can conclude that if the composition of the SHP is optimized, it can be used as a fertilizer with multiple effects depending on soil types, nutrient status, and crop types.

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Properties and Effectiveness of the High Phosphate Slag Fertilizer

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