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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 69 (1983), No. 16

ISIJ International
belloff

Grid List Abstracts
ONLINE ISSN: 1883-2954
PRINT ISSN: 0021-1575
Publisher: The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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  12. Vol. 100 (2014)

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  14. Vol. 98 (2012)

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  15. Vol. 97 (2011)

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  16. Vol. 96 (2010)

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  17. Vol. 95 (2009)

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  18. Vol. 94 (2008)

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  19. Vol. 93 (2007)

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  20. Vol. 92 (2006)

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  21. Vol. 91 (2005)

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  22. Vol. 90 (2004)

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  29. Vol. 83 (1997)

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  31. Vol. 81 (1995)

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  32. Vol. 80 (1994)

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  33. Vol. 79 (1993)

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  34. Vol. 78 (1992)

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  35. Vol. 77 (1991)

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  36. Vol. 76 (1990)

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  37. Vol. 75 (1989)

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  38. Vol. 74 (1988)

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  39. Vol. 73 (1987)

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  40. Vol. 72 (1986)

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  41. Vol. 71 (1985)

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  42. Vol. 70 (1984)

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  43. Vol. 69 (1983)

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  44. Vol. 68 (1982)

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  45. Vol. 67 (1981)

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  46. Vol. 66 (1980)

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  47. Vol. 65 (1979)

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  48. Vol. 64 (1978)

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  49. Vol. 63 (1977)

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  50. Vol. 62 (1976)

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  51. Vol. 61 (1975)

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  52. Vol. 60 (1974)

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  53. Vol. 59 (1973)

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  54. Vol. 58 (1972)

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  55. Vol. 57 (1971)

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  56. Vol. 56 (1970)

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  57. Vol. 55 (1969)

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  58. Vol. 54 (1968)

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  59. Vol. 53 (1967)

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  60. Vol. 52 (1966)

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  61. Vol. 51 (1965)

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  62. Vol. 50 (1964)

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  63. Vol. 49 (1963)

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  64. Vol. 48 (1962)

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  65. Vol. 47 (1961)

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  66. Vol. 46 (1960)

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  67. Vol. 45 (1959)

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  68. Vol. 44 (1958)

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  69. Vol. 43 (1957)

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  70. Vol. 42 (1956)

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    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

  71. Vol. 41 (1955)

    1. No.12
    2. No.11
    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 69 (1983), No. 16

Present Situation of Producing Pig Iron with Low Silicon Content in Blast Furnace and Operational Problem to Be Solved

Nobuo TSUCHIYA, Seiji TAGUCHI

pp. 1945-1954

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Present Situation of Producing Pig Iron with Low Silicon Content in Blast Furnace and Operational Problem to Be Solved

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An Introduction to an Electronic Theory of Metallic Cohesion

Kiyoyuki TERAKURA

pp. 1955-1960

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An Introduction to an Electronic Theory of Metallic Cohesion

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Aluminium Oxide Fibers as Insulation Materials for High-temperature Furnaces

Mitsuo YAMASHITA, Mitsuru WAKAMATSU

pp. 1961-1966

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Aluminium Oxide Fibers as Insulation Materials for High-temperature Furnaces

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Weight Reduction of Railway Rolling-stock

Hiroshi MATSUZAWA

pp. 1967-1971

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Weight Reduction of Railway Rolling-stock

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On the Use of On-line Information Retrieval in the Iron and Steel Companies

Yukio YAMADA

pp. 1972-1973

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On the Use of On-line Information Retrieval in the Iron and Steel Companies

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Development of Continuous Rapid Curing Process for Cold Pellet and Evaluation of Physical Properties of Products

Tsuneo MIYASHITA, Hideyuki YOSHIKOSHI, Seiji MATSUI, Osamu TAJIMA, Hiroshi FUKUYO

pp. 1974-1981

Abstract

For the purpose of developing a process in which the cold pellet can be produced in about 10 hours, the continuous rapid curing procedure has been investigated using iron ore pellet with 10%-portland cement and dust pellet with 14%-B.F. granulated slag as binder.
1) A continuous curing with about 10 hours is possible by the combination of pre-drying, steaming below 100°C and drying.
2) The strength of pellet using portland cement is improved in drying with atmosphere.
3) In the operation of pilot plant with 6.5 ton/day, the compressive strength of produced ore pellet and dust pellet are 170-200kg p and 140-170kg/ p respectively, and their physical properties are comparable to that of fired pellet.
4) The required energy of this process is about 80 000kcal t product, and this process is a polution-free and energy saving process in which the waste gas from the plant can be used.
5) The hydrates of cement are decomposed in 800-900°C, however, the shape and strength of pellet are remained by sintering between ore and cement particles. Above 1 000°C the coherence of pellet is reinforced. This phenomena agree with the behavior of swelling and strength of pellet during reduction.

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Development of Continuous Rapid Curing Process for Cold Pellet and Evaluation of Physical Properties of Products

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Dephosphorization of Molten Iron by Addition of Mixture of Calciumsilicide and Calciumfluoride

Takaji KUSAKAWA, Manabu OHORI, Tomoyuki OBANA, Chihiro TAKI, Kiichi HANABUSA

pp. 1982-1988

Abstract

This work was carried out to obtain the knowledge of the dephosphorization ability of calciumsiliside. Electrolytic iron was melted in magnesia crusibles in a flow of argon gas. After melted down, the mixture of calciumsilicide and calciumfluoride was added on the surface of the molten iron as flux. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1) In the case of the single addition of calciumsilicide, the phosphorus concentration decreased only a little. In the case of the mixture of calciumsilicide and calciumfluoride, however, the decreasing of the phosphorus concentration was markedly observed.
2) The degree of dephosphorization increased, as the amount of calciumsilicide in the flux increased.
3) The rate of dephosphorization increased, as the amount of calciumfluoride in the flux increased.
4) As the initial carbon concentration increased, the degree of dephosphorization decreased.
5) Spheroidal calciumphosphides were observed in the flux on the inside surface of the magnesia crusible.

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Dephosphorization of Molten Iron by Addition of Mixture of Calciumsilicide and Calciumfluoride

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Surface Tension of Molten Fe-O-S Alloy

Kazumi OGINO, Kiyoshi NOGI, Chiaki HOSOI

pp. 1989-1994

Abstract

The effect of coexistence of a plural surface active elements, oxygen and sulphur, on the surface tension of molten iron has been studied. Measurements of the surface tension of molten iron have been carried out with the sessile drop method at 1 600°C.
The surface tension of molten Fe-O-S alloy is represented by the following equation.
γ=1 910-825 log(1+210wt%O)-540 log(1+185wt%S) (dye/cm) (0≤wt%O/0.0160+wt%S/0.0300≤1)
The validity of the equation has been confirmed by an application of this equation to data of other investigators.
The average occupied area in the coexistence of oxygen and sulphur is smaller than that in the individual existence of oxygen or sulphur in molten iron. This fact implies that oxygen and sulphur are more closely packed when they coexist.

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Surface Tension of Molten Fe-O-S Alloy

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Actual State and Formation Mechanism of Surface Segregation on Oscillation Marks of Continuously Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Slabs

Hidemaro TAKEUCHI, Shogo MATSUMURA, Yasunobu IKEHARA

pp. 1995-2001

Abstract

Surface segregation is often found to occur on oscillation marks of continuously cast austenitic stainless steel slab surface. The actual state of surface segregation and the effect of oscillation conditions on them have been investigated in order to make clear the formation mechanism of surface segregation.
1) Surface segregation occurs only in the valley of osillation marks and two typical forms, over-flow type and mini-bleed type, are observed.
2) Surface segregation is composed of bands of enriched solutes, (Ni), (Mn), (Si), (P), etc.
3) The shorter the negative strip time (tN) is, the smaller the freqency of occurence and depth of surface segregation become.
4) It is considered that the formation mechanism of surface segregation can be explained by over-flow and bleeding-out of solute enriched molten steel into oscillation marks of slab surface.

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Actual State and Formation Mechanism of Surface Segregation on Oscillation Marks of Continuously Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Slabs

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Air-atomized Fog-jet Cooling of Hot Billets

Masashi MITSUTSUKA, Heiji MORISE, Tetsuya OGURA, Osamu NAKAMURA

pp. 2002-2009

Abstract

In order to save the cooling time of billets on cooling bed, a fog-jet cooling process has been investigated. The main results obtained are as follows :
(1) To realize homogeneous and regulating cooling of billets, the most favorable cooling process consists of on-corner arrangement of billets and air-atomized fog-jet cooling
(2) From the standpoints of depressing the cracking and deforming of billets by forced-cooling and to save required time for cooling, the following two step cooling process is suitable: the natural cooling for high temperature zone (the initial to about 500°C) and the fog-jet cooling for low temperature zone (under about 500°C).
(3) In the cases of 123mm square billets containing from 0.2 to 0.8wt% carbon they are naturally cooled from about 1 000°C down to about 550°C (billet core temperature), and then fog-cooled under impinged water flux equal or lower than 20 and 40l/m2·min at top and bottom, respectively, and are scarecely unfavorably affected in their structures and mechanical properties.
In addition, the following items have been studied: influence of billets arrangement on cooling time, fog-cooling conditions of decreasing bending of billets, influence of carbon content on cooling curves during natural cooling, influence of scale on billet surfaces on cooling curves during fog-cooling, deflection of asrolled hot billets, selection of fog nozzle free from clogging, and an example of basic design of a billet cooling bed with fog-cooling facilities.

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Development of the Billet Cooling Facilities Using Fog-jet Cooling and Its Operational Performances

Osamu NAKAMURA, Mikihiko TAURA, Masashi MITSUTSUKA, Heiji MORISE, Kenji SUENAGA, Kiyoshi KIMISHIMA

pp. 2010-2015

Abstract

New fog cooling facilities for billets have been developed at Kamaishi Works, Nippon Steel Corporation. The facilities have a walking beam type cooling bed, and as-rolled hot billets are arranged on their corners and rotated on the bed in walking.
The billets are natural-cooled from the initial temperature to about 550°C (core temperature) at the front part of bed and then fog-jet-cooled to about 100 °C at the later part.
In this report the following items are described: the new techniques developed, the basic design and main specifications of the facilities, the passages of constructions and operational performances, improved points and unsettled problems, and others.
Main techniques developed are the billet straightening mechanism using billet pusher, the system of oncorner arrangement and rotation of billets on the cooling bed, and the fog jet cooling device of billets having the crossflow type nozzles.
This instalation has been smoothly operated since June 1975 with a sufficient cooling capacity using the fogcooling method for all billets containing carbon lower than 0.75 wt%. This has given no cracking and less deformation, very small reject level of billets (about 0.05%), and no nozzle clogging for about eight years.

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Development of the Billet Cooling Facilities Using Fog-jet Cooling and Its Operational Performances

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A Mathematical Model on the Widthspread Behavior in the Flat Rolling of Steel Based on an Experimental Investigation

Junji KIHARA, Ken ISHIGURO

pp. 2016-2023

Abstract

The widthspread behavior in flat rolling is an old but still important problem to be clarified, because it is one of basical problems in general caliber rolling, and is more important for caliberless rolling technique.
Several geometrical parameters have been investigated about how they affect the widthspread behavior in actual hot rolling experiments. They are rolling reduction, ratio of thickness to roll radius and ratio of width to thickness. From an energetical point of view, a simple calculation system of the mean widthspread is proposed and evaluated by using the experimental results, which strongly support the calculating system; in the range of 0.64-3.6 of width/thickness, and 0.18 to 0.50 of thickness/roll radius. The side barreling behavior is expressed with 4-th power polynominal very well in wide range rolling conditions, and the mathematical expression with rolling parameters mentioned above are obtained in the same range as for the mean widthspread behavior. For the range of high value of thickness/roll radius, greater than 0.86, however, succesful expression is not obtained, although in this range the side barreling behavior can be still well expressed with 4-th power polynominal function of the coordinate in thickness direction.

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A Mathematical Model on the Widthspread Behavior in the Flat Rolling of Steel Based on an Experimental Investigation

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An Evaluation Method of the Bubricity of Rolling Oils for Cold Strip Mill

Junji KIHARA

pp. 2024-2029

Abstract

A passive mill which was made originally for testing lubricants in aluminum cold rolling is reformed to a more powerful one suitable to the tester of lubricants in cold rolling of steel strips. In the tester, tribological conditions, i.e., rolling load, circumferential velocity of roll, exit strip velocity and so on can be varied independently. With use of the tester, are tested five sorts of lubricants modelling the actual lubricants in practice. After the cource of experiments, it is found that almost all lubrication properties in practice are able to be reproduced in the tester, and the classification of grade of each lubricant is easy with use of the tester.

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An Evaluation Method of the Bubricity of Rolling Oils for Cold Strip Mill

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Strengthening of 10Ni-18Co-12Mo-1Ti Maraging Steel by Cold Working

Seiichi MUNEKI, Yoshikuni KAWABE, Junji TAKAHASHI

pp. 2030-2036

Abstract

It has been reported that the maximum tensile strength of maraging steel attainable by applying thermomechanical treatment consisting of hot rolling+aging was about 360 kgf/mm2. The purpose of this study was to increase further this tensile strength by changing the alloy composition based on 10Ni-18Co-12Mo-1Ti maraging steel and by applying the thermomechanical treatment consisting of the hot rolling+cold rolling+aging. Cold rolling was effective for increasing the strength of 10Ni-18Co-12Mo-1Ti maraging steel by improving toughness and preventing the unstable fracture in low stress levels. However, strengthening and toughening by cold rolling were strongly dependent upon the hot rolling conditions, because the microstructures were greatly changed. This increase in strength was most pronounced for the specimen having the microstructure with the fine grain and the reduced amount of coarse precipitates formed in the austenite. The tensile strength of 397 kgf/mm2 was achieved in the 10Ni-18Co-12Mo-2Ti, 10Ni-20Co-12Mo-1Ti, and 10Ni-18Co-14Mo-1Ti maraging steels which were properly hot rolled and then cold rolled for 80% reduction. When the cold reduction exceeded 80%, the specimen became susceptible to unstable fracture in a low stress level and the tensile strength exhibited a wide scatter, but the highest tensile strength of 438 kgf/mm2 was achieved by some of 95% cold rolled specimens in this study.

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Strengthening of 10Ni-18Co-12Mo-1Ti Maraging Steel by Cold Working

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Effect of Carbon on Creep Rupture Strength and Toughness of 9Cr-2Mo Heat-resisting Steels with V and Nb

Kentaro ASAKURA, Toshio FUJITA, Hidenori MIYAKE

pp. 2037-2044

Abstract

The effect of carbon on creep rupture properties and room-temperature toughness of (910)Cr-(1.82)Mo heat resisting steels with V and Nb was studied. The amount of carbon content was varied from 0.02% to 0.23% in order to improve toughness without decrease in creep rupture strength. The difference in creep rupture strength and Charpy absorbed energy between 10Cr-2Mo steels and 9Cr-1.8Mo steels was studied with respect to the ratio of δ-ferrite to martensite, the precipitates, and the microstructure.
The results indicated that the 9Cr-1.8Mo-0.1V-0.05Nb steels with 0.05-0.14%C tempered at 800°C showed good toughness, and that 104h rupture strength of the steel was as high as that of SUS 316 at 550°Cand SUS 304 austenitic stainless steel at 600°C. It was concluded that the optimum amount of δ-ferrite with respect to both creep rupture strength and Charpy absorbed energy was 1020%.

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Effect of Carbon on Creep Rupture Strength and Toughness of 9Cr-2Mo Heat-resisting Steels with V and Nb

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Creep Rupture Properties of Ni-Cr-W Alloys for Nuclear Steel Making in Helium and Reducing Gas Atmospheres

Tatsuhiko TANABE, Tatsuo SHIKAMA, Yoshikazu SAKAI, Masakazu FUJITSUKA, Hiroshi ARAKI, Heitaro YOSHIDA, Ryoji WATANABE

pp. 2045-2051

Abstract

Creep rupture properties of Ni-Cr-W alloys developed for nuclear steel making, which precipitate α-W, were investigated in the temperature range from 900°C to 1 050°C in He environment (He-2) which simulates the primary coolant of High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR), and at 900°C in reducing gas environment which is to be used when direct steelmaking system is connected with the primary system of the HTGR. The results were discussed in terms of environmental factors such as carburization, decarburization and oxidation. It was found that the two alloys have the possibility to satisfy the target of R & D, that is, "the alloy should have the 50 000 h rupture strength of more than 1 kg/mm2". Further, the degradation of the rupture strength in the alloy which has α-W as a main strengthener, did not appear in spite of severe decarburization of the alloys.

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Creep Rupture Properties of Ni-Cr-W Alloys for Nuclear Steel Making in Helium and Reducing Gas Atmospheres

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Creep Rupture Properties and Their Degradation of Heat Resistant Alloys for Nuclear Steel Making in Helium and Reducing Gas Atmospheres

Tatsuhiko TANABE, Tatsuo SHIKAMA, Yoshikazu SAKAI, Masakazu FUJITSUKA, Hiroshi ARAKI, Heitaro YOSHIDA, Ryoji WATANABE

pp. 2052-2059

Abstract

Creep rupture properties of heat resistant alloys with carbide or carbide and γ' precipitates were investigated in the temperature range from 900° to 1 050°C in He and reducing gas atmospheres. The degradation of the rupture strengths took place in the alloys, which have carbide as a strengthener, due to decarburization in He atmoshere at higher temperature than 1 000°C. In the alloy which was strengthened mainly by γ', the solutioning of γ' led to the degradation of the rupture strengths, but to the restoration of rupture ductilities in greater extent. A new method to predict the rupture life, steady state creep rate, etc. from 0.2% proof stress was proposed. In most cases, the method was found to be satisfactory in the sense that it represents the degradation behaviour of the alloys according to various causes.

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Creep Rupture Properties and Their Degradation of Heat Resistant Alloys for Nuclear Steel Making in Helium and Reducing Gas Atmospheres

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Detection of Intergranular Pop-in Cracking during Elastic-Plastic Fracture Toughness Test of Cr-Mo-V Steel by Frequency Analysis of Acoustic Emission

Keiichi SHIMOMURA, Tetsuo SHOJI, Hideaki TAKAHASHI

pp. 2060-2067

Abstract

The feasibility of using acoustic-emission techniques for elastic-plastic fracture toughness test of a Cr-Mo-V steel at a high temperature has been examined. Fractographic study and frequency analysis characterization of AE behavior have been carried out. AE signals observed during the test can be classified into three groups: Type I, II, III, and three different types of fracture surfaces are observed. Some interruption tests reveal that Type I AE is generated from the micro-cracking due to decohesion of MnS inclusions or coalescence between main crack and voids nucleated by decohesion of MnS inclusions, Type II AE having the largest amplitude from the intergranular pop-in cracking, and Type III AE from the formation of intergranular dimple facet, respectively. JiAE denoted by an abrupt increase of ∑EAE-J correlation is proposed as a conservative fracture toughness characterizing the intergranular cleavage cracking.

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Detection of Intergranular Pop-in Cracking during Elastic-Plastic Fracture Toughness Test of Cr-Mo-V Steel by Frequency Analysis of Acoustic Emission

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Effect of Oxyanions on the IGSCC Inhibition of Sensitized 304 Stainless Steel in High Temperature Water

Hiroyuki TSUGE, Junichiro MURAYAMA, Hiroo NAGANO

pp. 2068-2075

Abstract

Effect of oxyanions such as MoO2-4, WO2-4, and CrO2-4 on the intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of Type 304 stainless steel in high temperature water was studied. The results obtained are as follows :
1) Addition of such oxyanion as MoO2-4, WO2-4, and CrO2-4 suppresses IGSCC of sensitized Type 304 stainless steel in high temperature nondeaerated water. The effectiveness of the inhibitive action by the oxyanion is ranked in the order of MoO2-4>WO2-4>CrO2-4.
2) The mechanism of IGSCC inhibition by MoO2-4 ion for sentized Type 304 stainless steel in high temperature water is considered as follows, i.e., the presence MoO2-4 ion decreases the dissolution rate of Cr depleted zone at grain boundaries to the level of matrix by helping the formation of the Cr rich film containing MoO3 or adsorbed MoO2-4 ion on the surface of Type 304 stainless steel.

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Effect of Oxyanions on the IGSCC Inhibition of Sensitized 304 Stainless Steel in High Temperature Water

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Low Cyclic Fatigue Softening of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Koji SHIBATA, Natsuki NAMURA, Yasuo KISHIMOTO, Toshio FUJITA

pp. 2076-2083

Abstract

Low cyclic fatigue behavior of some 18Cr-8Ni and 25Cr-20Ni austenitic stainless steels has been studied. Cyclic softening was observed after the initial cyclic hardening in all the steels investigated. The formation of α' martensite during the cyclic deformation depressed the softening and introduced the second hardening. The softening was revealed remarkably by nitrogen addition, and solute carbon also produced large softening but to a lesser degree than nitrogen. The cyclic softening occured especially in the surface layer of the specimens, and more slip bands were observed at the surface of the specimens showing the remarkable softening. A planar structure of dislocations was produced and a cell structure was scarcely observed in all the steels showing the large softening, while dislocations tended to form a cell or a band structure in the steels showing the small softening. The planar structure might enhance the cyclic softening through increasing the Bauschinger effect, the density of mobile dislocation, and/or the number of the slip band. The tendency of dislocations to form the planar structure could not be explained only with the stacking fault energy. The large cyclic softening observed in this study seemed to increase the fatigue life. In the case of stress controlled tests, however, the lives of the steel showing the significant softening were shorter, when they were compared at about the same strength ratio of the applied stress to 0.2% proof stress or ultimate tensile strength.

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Low Cyclic Fatigue Softening of Austenitic Stainless Steels

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Effects of the Water-gas Shift Reaction on Metallic Oxide Reduction with Mixtures of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide

Tadashi CHIDA

pp. 2084-2086

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Effects of the Water-gas Shift Reaction on Metallic Oxide Reduction with Mixtures of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide

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Discussion on the Steel Used for Inariyama Sword Based on the Analysis of the Rust

Tomomi MURATA, Minoru SASAKI, Isamu TAGUCHI

pp. 2087-2092

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Discussion on the Steel Used for Inariyama Sword Based on the Analysis of the Rust

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