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Tetsu-to-Hagané
Vol. 62 (1976), No. 10

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 62 (1976), No. 10

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ONLINE ISSN:	1883-2954
PRINT ISSN:	0021-1575
Publisher:	The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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21 Nov. (Last 30 Days)

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 62 (1976), No. 10

随想

仲威雄

pp. 1307-1308

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随想

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Rate of Hydrogen Absorption in Liquid Iron and Effect of Dissolved Oxygen

Takao CHOH, Masaki TAKADA, Michio INOUYE

pp. 1309-1318

Abstract

The rate of hydrogen absorption in the liquid iron stirred inductively were measured by the Sieverts method at constant pressures. The present measurement was carried out under a small interfacial area between the gas and iron melt by using a doughnut-shaped alumina plate on the melt in a narrow crucible.
The results show that the rates of hydrogen absorption are represented by the 1st order reaction and proportional to the square root of hydrogen pressure. The mass transfer coefficients, k_H, of hydrogen into liquid iron under the present inductive stirring could be calculated as (19±1). 10^-2cm/sec at 1600°C. This value was somewhat higher than those obtained by the literature probably because of the strong inductive stirring. It was found that it was also proportional to the 2/3 power of the diffusion coefficient, D^H, of hydrogen in liquid iron.
The effect of dissolved oxygen on the hydrogen absorption seemed to be negligible in the range of low oxygen contents of below 0.039% oxygen. The poisoning effect of surface active oxygen on the nitrogen transfer had been observed, but the similar effect was found in the case of hydrogen absorption.

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Rate of Hydrogen Absorption in Liquid Iron and Effect of Dissolved Oxygen

Bibtex

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Effect of Sulfur Content and Solidification Variables on Morphology and Distribution of Sulfide in Steel Ingots

Hisashi TAKADA, Isamu BESSHO, Takamichi ITO

pp. 1319-1328

Abstract

The morphology and distribution of sulfide in steel ingot have a close connection with chemical composition of steel and solidification variables. Using steels containing 0.004, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.63%S, the authors have investigated the effects of sulfur content and solidification variables on the morphology and distribution of sulfide.
The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Morphologies of sulfides are dependent on sulfur content. In the range of sulfur content up to 0.01%, type I sulfide is found and with more than 0.05% sulfur, type II sulfide is observed. The higher the sulfur content, the larger the area of type II sulfide.
2) Large dendritic sulfide (type D) as a primary phase is observed in the specimens containing 0.63% S and 2.88% Mn, and its size is dependent on the cooling rate.
3) From the observation of three dimensional morphology of sulfide using a scanning electron micro scope, it is found that type II sulfide is dendritic and type II and Type D sulfides are occasionally inter connected.
4) The size arid spacing are expressed as a function of the cooling rate, Vin°C /min.
i) Average size of type I sulfide, d in μm; d=13.9 V^-0.30ii) Average spacing of rod-like (type II) sulfide, λ in μm; λ=10.7 V^-0.30iii) Average size of rod-like (type II) sulfide, d′ in μm; d′=2.9 V^-0.22 The average size of rod-like (type II) sulfide is smaller than that of type I at the same cooling rate.
5) Type I and type II sulfides are located in interdendritic spaces, on the other hand, type D sulfides are distributed randomly.

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Mechanism and Removal of the Accumulation in the Sedimental Zone of Inclusions Precipitating during Solidification of Large Ingots

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.62(1976), No.13

The Deoxidation Behavior of 18-8 Stainless Steel with Si, Mn and Al

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.63(1977), No.9

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Effect of Sulfur Content and Solidification Variables on Morphology and Distribution of Sulfide in Steel Ingots

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A Mathematical Model of Continuous Billet Heating Furnace

Kazuo WATANABE

pp. 1329-1338

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A mathematical model of the continuous billet heating furnace simulating the dynamic behavior of billet temperature in the furnace as a function of the fuel flow rate and billet speed has been developed.
Flame and combustion-gas temperatures along the furnace are calculated from the combustion heat and heat transfer from both the flame and the combustion-gas. Temperatures of individual billets are calculated from heat transfers from the flame or the combustion-gas and the furnace wall.
The calculated dynamic response of the billet temperature at the extracting time with a change in the fuel flow rate from this model gives a good agreement with the response obtained by the correlation method.

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A Mathematical Model of Continuous Billet Heating Furnace

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A Method for Calculating r-value from Crystallite Orientation Distribution Function in Cold Rolled Steel Sheet

Hajime KITAGAWA, Michio KATAYAMA

pp. 1339-1348

Abstract

To investigate the possibility of calculating the Lankford value, r, for a low carbon steel sheet on the basis of three-dimensional orientation distribution function, ω (ψ, θ, φ, ), comparison was made between the calculated r-value and experimental one. ψ, θ, and φ denote a set of Eulerian angles between the coordinate system of crystallite and the reference system of specimen.
The r-values, r (ψ, θ, φ), that were specified by means of Eulerian angles in the same definition as used in describing the orientation of a crystallite in a polycrystalline sheet were computed at 5°intervals for 0°≤ψ, θ and φ≤90°, by taking into account all fourty-eight slip systems in alpha iron and by assuming that an amount of slip in each slip system was proportional to its Schmid factor.
For a polycrystalline sheet the r-value was calculated by
r (ω) /1+r (ω) =4/π₂∫^π/2₀∫^π/2₀∫^π/2₀r (ψ, θ, φ) /1+r (ψ, θ, φ) ω (ψ, θ, φ) sin<θdθdφ′dθ
whereψ′=ψ+ω, and ω is an angle between rolling direction and stretching direction.
In practical computation of r (ψ, θ, φ), the following cases were examined: (1) All slip systems whose Schmid factors were not less than a certain value, a, (0≤a<0.5), were assumed to be activated and (2) slip systems of a constant number, ss, were assumed to be activated in all the orientations.
Calculated r-values, r (cal), were in good agreement with the observed ones, r (obs), if no crystal rotation was assumed to take place during deformation. Above all, the values of r (cal) were in accord with those of r (obs) within ± 0.15 in the case where either a=0.10 or ss=32 was assumed.

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A Method for Calculating r-value from Crystallite Orientation Distribution Function in Cold Rolled Steel Sheet

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On the Incubation Period for Bainitic Transformation during Continuous Cooling in Steels

Nobuyoshi SHIMIZU, Imao TAMURA, Jutaro ARAKAWA

pp. 1349-1355

Abstract

The process of the consuming incubation period for bainitic transformation during continuous cooling, of steels was examined in the relation with consumption of incubation period for ferritic or pearlitic transformation by steels of JIS SUJ2, SCM5, and SNCM8. The main results are as follows: (1) There is a critical temperature (A_B) at which the consumption of incubation period for bainitic transformation starts during continuous cooling.
(2) The consumption of incubation period for bainitic transformation is progressed independently of any consumption of incubation period for ferritic of pearlitic transformation.
(3) The bainitic transformation behaviour after a change of cooling rate during continuous cooling shows a different manner from that indicated by a usual CCT-diagram of the steel because of the different way in consumption of the incubation period. The estimation method of the transformation behaviour in such a case was explained by using usual CCT-diagram.

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On the Incubation Period for Bainitic Transformation during Continuous Cooling in Steels

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Effect of TiN Particles on the Proeutectoid Ferrite Reaciton

Shoichi MATSUDA, Hideaki KAGEYAMA

pp. 1356-1362

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The effects of TiN particles in low-arbon low alloy steels on the nucleation and growth kinetics of proeutectoid ferrite were studied. Main results are summarized as follows.
(1) TiN particles accelerated ferrite formation and displaced the ferrite-nose in a CCT curve to shorter times.
(2) It appeared that TiN particles served as nucleation sites for proeutectoid ferrite preferentially and may increase the rate of nucleation.
(3) The rate of thickening of the grain boundary ferrite allotriomorphs was not influenced by TiN particles. The result could be explained well by the comparison between γ→a free energy difference and γ/α interface energy increase by the existence of TiN particles.

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On the Behavior of Al₂O₃ Clusters during the Solidification of Continuously Cast Slabs

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.63(1977), No.8

Application of Calcia Electric Arc Furnace Hearth and Its Effect on Oxide Inclusions in Steel

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.63(1977), No.10

Behavior of Slag Inclusions during Solidification of a Large Forging Ingot

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol.62(1976), No.7

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Effect of TiN Particles on the Proeutectoid Ferrite Reaciton

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On the High Temperature Strength of Ni-Cr-W Alloys

Taizo OHMURA, Kensyo SAHIRA, Akihiko SAKONOOKA, Noboru YONEZAWA

pp. 1363-1372

Abstract

Alloys of Ni-Cr-W-C system were investigated to find a new forgeable alloy which may satisfy the properties required for tube materials of an intermediate heat exchanger for atomic energy steelmaking.
In case of a constant carbon content of around 0.08 weight %, the highest creep rupture strength in air at 1000°C and 1100°C was observed around Ni-20Cr-20W in the Ni-Cr-W system investigated.
Creep rupture strengths at 1000°C and 1100°C of the Ni-20Cr-20W alloy increased with increases of the carbon content and solution heat treating temperature and time.
Details of these phenomena were discussed through the observation of the structures and the analyses of precipitated carbides of materials subjected to the solution heat treatment and the creep rupture test at 1000°C.
The potential of the Ni-20Cr-20W-xC alloys for the required material seem to be very high.

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On the High Temperature Strength of Ni-Cr-W Alloys

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The Mechanical Properties of Wires and Wire Rods Patented in Fluidized Bed

Eiji TAKAHASHI, Masaru SHIMIZU, Yasuhiro OKI, Osamu ISHIGAMI

pp. 1373-1378

Abstract

In order to improve the drawability of wires and wire rods and to obtain the desirous mechanical properties of drawn wires, lead patenting has long been utilized to practical use. There are, however, some problems about environmental hygiene in the works and environmental pollution in the cause of molten lead. As a means of solving those problems, the fluidized bed patenting method has been studied and developed.
Under the various conditions of fluidized bed temperature, air velocity and cooling time in fluidized. bed, experiments on cooling of heated wires and wire rods in fluidized bed have been carried out. Excellent mechanical properties of the materials patented in fluidized bed, as good as those in lead bath can be obtained by optimization of such factors as fluidized bed temperature, air velocity, cooling time in fluidized bed and austenitizing temperature. The fluidized bed patenting can be successfully applied to the materials from 1 to 11 mm in diameter. The scattering of mechanical properties of the materials patented in fluidized bed is the same as or less than that in lead bath. The drawability of the materials patented in fluidized bed is the same as that in lead bath.

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The Mechanical Properties of Wires and Wire Rods Patented in Fluidized Bed

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On Rapid Heat Patenting of High Carbon Steel Wire Rods

Eiji TAKAHASHI, Takehiko KATO, Jutaro ARAKAWA, Tsuyoshi KOUOKA

pp. 1379-1385

Abstract

Rapid heating makes austenite grain of steel finer than usual heating. Study of application of rapid heating to lead patenting of high carbon steel wire rods has been done. After high carbon steel wire rods are rapidly heated and held for short time, they were quenched in oil. High carbon steel wire rods were rapidly heated again followed by cooling in a lead bath. The various properties of wire rods treated described above have been examined.
Wire rods rapidly heat patented in this process are superior to usual lead patented ones in the following points.
(1) Austenite grain of rapidly heated wire rods is finer than that of usually heated ones.
(2) Lead bath temperature in patenting for rapidly heat treated wire rods is lower than that for usually heat treated ones.
(3) Tensile and fatigue strength of rapid heat patented and drawn wires is higher than those of usual patented ones.
(4) Drawability and bending properties of rapid heat patented and drawn wire is better than these of usual patented ones.

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On Rapid Heat Patenting of High Carbon Steel Wire Rods

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A New Testing Method to Evaluate a Weld Cracking Susceptibility for Stainless Steel Sheets

Setsuo KAWASIJIMA, Yukio AOYAMA, Futoshi FUKUI, Syogo INOUE, Kenzi HARADA

pp. 1386-1391

Abstract

Many testing devices have been developed for the determination of the weld cracking properties of the steels. These are mainly applied to the plate, but a few of them to stainless steel sheets under 3.0 mm in thickness. Meanwhile, the troubles of the cracks transverse to welding direction have frequently occurred in producing welded tubes.
Therefore, authors have designed and used a new method to evaluate a weld cracking susceptibility of stainless steel sheet. Its features are as follows;
1) Welding bead-on-plate with TIG are under tensile load.
2) As susceptibility index, using a critical strain, which is the elongation of just beginning to crack, and is obtained from relationship between the elongation and number of cracks in unit length.
In this paper, firstly, the device has been described in details and secondly, the availability of this method has been shown from the testing results for stainless steels.

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A New Testing Method to Evaluate a Weld Cracking Susceptibility for Stainless Steel Sheets

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Successive Determination of Oxygen in Stainless Steels Containing High Manganese or High Aluminium by the Argon Carrier Coulo-matic Counting Method

Tomoo TAKAHARI, Masayoshi KOSAKA, Tetsuya TANOUE

pp. 1392-1397

Abstract

A study was made of the successive method of correct determination of O in stainless steels containing high Mn (9-10%) or high Al (2-3%) by Ar carrier coulomatic counting method. The analytical values decreased in the order of specimens dropping. The accurate values were obtained when the concentration of Mn or Al in bathes were less than 3% and 1.2% respectively. Allowable evaporation concentration of Mn was under 0.5% in order to determine oxygen content accurately. The effect of evaporated Al was not confirmed because of its small amounts. According to the above results, it was confirmed that correct determination of O could be made by limiting in number of specimens thrown into a bath or by controlling the concentration of Mn and Al to be less than 3.5% and 1.2% respectively by dilution of specimen with carbon steel. The concentration of Mn or Al was calculated by the following equation; Mn or Al (%) amounts of Mn (or Al) in a bath (g) + [concn. of Mn (or Al) in specimen (%) ×wt. of specimen (g) ×0.01] /total wt. of metals thrown into a bath (g) ×100
Total wt. of metals (g) =wt. of carbon steel (g) +wt. of specimen (g) +wt. of Sn×0.81.

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Successive Determination of Oxygen in Stainless Steels Containing High Manganese or High Aluminium by the Argon Carrier Coulo-matic Counting Method

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Metallographic Etching by Means of Electrochemical Method

Tetsuo FUJII

pp. 1398-1411

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Metallographic Etching by Means of Electrochemical Method

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Recent Progress of Cathodic Protection Technique for Pipelines

Norimichi NAKAMURA

pp. 1412-1417

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Recent Progress of Cathodic Protection Technique for Pipelines

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第91回講演大会討論会報告

松下幸雄, 鈴木章, 加藤健三, 久松敬弘, 高橋愛和

pp. 1418-1424

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第91回講演大会討論会報告

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Report of Steel Pipes and Tubes Committee of the Joint Research Society of ISIJ

Shinsaku MISE, Shoji ODAKI, Toshiaki SHIMIZU

pp. 1425-1448

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Report of Steel Pipes and Tubes Committee of the Joint Research Society of ISIJ

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Report of Heat Economy Technique Committee of the Joint Research Society of ISIJ

Tadashi KATADA

pp. 1449-1456

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Report of Heat Economy Technique Committee of the Joint Research Society of ISIJ

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見たり聞いたり, ソ連の2ヶ月

郡司好喜

pp. 1457-1462

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見たり聞いたり, ソ連の2ヶ月

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抄録

加藤公雄, 天辰正義, 雀部実, 郡司好喜, 志村一輝, 熊田有宏, 楠橋幹雄, 金尾正雄, 柴田浩司, 石川準, 中島宏興, 武井厚, 玉井啓三, 堀部進, 関勇一, 熊田有宏

pp. 1463-1469

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21 Nov. (Last 30 Days)

In-situ Observation of Precipitation and Growth of MnS Inclusions during Solidification of a High Sulfur Steel

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Injection of hydrogenous gases into the blast furnace tuyeres for reducing CO₂ emissions: a review

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Precipitation Behavior of MnS from Molten Iron to Al₂O₃ during Solidification

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Effect of Al Content on Precipitation Behavior of AIN Inclusions during Unidirectional Solidification Process of Fe-(0.5-2.0)%Al-2.0%Mn Alloys

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Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 62 (1976), No. 10

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reduction caco3 in electric furnace

kinetics of decarburization of liquid iron with high concentration ofcarbon

kinetics of decarburization of liquid iron by ar-coz gasmixture

ahss

charpy impact chemistry

dual phase steel

foamy slag in eaf

kinetics of decarburization of liquid iron by

ladle furnace flicker

scm440

Tetsu-to-Hagané Vol. 62 (1976), No. 10

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Rate of Hydrogen Absorption in Liquid Iron and Effect of Dissolved Oxygen

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Effect of Sulfur Content and Solidification Variables on Morphology and Distribution of Sulfide in Steel Ingots

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A Mathematical Model of Continuous Billet Heating Furnace

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A Method for Calculating r-value from Crystallite Orientation Distribution Function in Cold Rolled Steel Sheet

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On the Incubation Period for Bainitic Transformation during Continuous Cooling in Steels

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Effect of TiN Particles on the Proeutectoid Ferrite Reaciton

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On the High Temperature Strength of Ni-Cr-W Alloys

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The Mechanical Properties of Wires and Wire Rods Patented in Fluidized Bed

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On Rapid Heat Patenting of High Carbon Steel Wire Rods

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A New Testing Method to Evaluate a Weld Cracking Susceptibility for Stainless Steel Sheets

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Successive Determination of Oxygen in Stainless Steels Containing High Manganese or High Aluminium by the Argon Carrier Coulo-matic Counting Method

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Metallographic Etching by Means of Electrochemical Method

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第91回講演大会討論会報告

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Report of Steel Pipes and Tubes Committee of the Joint Research Society of ISIJ

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見たり聞いたり, ソ連の2ヶ月

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In-situ Observation of Precipitation and Growth of MnS Inclusions during Solidification of a High Sulfur Steel

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Injection of hydrogenous gases into the blast furnace tuyeres for reducing CO₂ emissions: a review

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