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鉄と鋼 Vol. 108 (2022), No. 8

ISIJ International
belloff

Grid List Abstracts
オンライン版ISSN: 1883-2954
冊子版ISSN: 0021-1575
発行機関: The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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  1. Vol. 110 (2024)

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  2. Vol. 109 (2023)

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  3. Vol. 108 (2022)

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  4. Vol. 107 (2021)

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  5. Vol. 106 (2020)

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  6. Vol. 105 (2019)

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  7. Vol. 104 (2018)

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  8. Vol. 103 (2017)

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  9. Vol. 102 (2016)

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  10. Vol. 101 (2015)

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  11. Vol. 100 (2014)

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  12. Vol. 99 (2013)

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  13. Vol. 98 (2012)

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  14. Vol. 97 (2011)

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  15. Vol. 96 (2010)

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  16. Vol. 95 (2009)

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  17. Vol. 94 (2008)

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  18. Vol. 93 (2007)

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  19. Vol. 92 (2006)

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  20. Vol. 91 (2005)

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  21. Vol. 90 (2004)

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  22. Vol. 89 (2003)

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  23. Vol. 88 (2002)

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  24. Vol. 87 (2001)

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  25. Vol. 86 (2000)

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  26. Vol. 85 (1999)

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  27. Vol. 84 (1998)

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  28. Vol. 83 (1997)

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  29. Vol. 82 (1996)

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  30. Vol. 81 (1995)

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  31. Vol. 80 (1994)

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  32. Vol. 79 (1993)

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  33. Vol. 78 (1992)

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  34. Vol. 77 (1991)

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  35. Vol. 76 (1990)

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  36. Vol. 75 (1989)

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  37. Vol. 74 (1988)

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  38. Vol. 73 (1987)

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  39. Vol. 72 (1986)

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  40. Vol. 71 (1985)

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  41. Vol. 70 (1984)

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  42. Vol. 69 (1983)

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  43. Vol. 68 (1982)

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  44. Vol. 67 (1981)

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  45. Vol. 66 (1980)

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  46. Vol. 65 (1979)

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  47. Vol. 64 (1978)

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  48. Vol. 63 (1977)

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  49. Vol. 62 (1976)

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  50. Vol. 61 (1975)

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  51. Vol. 60 (1974)

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  52. Vol. 59 (1973)

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  53. Vol. 58 (1972)

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  54. Vol. 57 (1971)

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  55. Vol. 56 (1970)

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  56. Vol. 55 (1969)

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  57. Vol. 54 (1968)

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  58. Vol. 53 (1967)

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  59. Vol. 52 (1966)

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  60. Vol. 51 (1965)

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  61. Vol. 50 (1964)

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  62. Vol. 49 (1963)

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  63. Vol. 48 (1962)

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  64. Vol. 47 (1961)

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  65. Vol. 46 (1960)

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  66. Vol. 45 (1959)

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  67. Vol. 44 (1958)

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  68. Vol. 43 (1957)

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  69. Vol. 42 (1956)

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  70. Vol. 41 (1955)

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21 Nov. (Last 30 Days)

鉄と鋼 Vol. 108 (2022), No. 8

「高清浄度合金鋼溶製」特集号発刊に寄せて

三木 貴博

pp. 439-439

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.108.439

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「高清浄度合金鋼溶製」特集号発刊に寄せて

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1573 KにおけるCaO-SiO2-Cr2O3三元系の相平衡関係と成分活量

岩橋 広大, 橋本 修志, 山内 遼平, 齋藤 啓次郎, 長谷川 将克

pp. 440-448

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-070

抄録

The knowledge of Cr2O3 activity in slag is necessary to decarburize chromium-containing special steel while minimizing the oxidation loss of chromium. In the present study, firstly, the phase relationship in the CaO-SiO2-Cr2O3 system was determined at 1573 K. Subsequently, the Cr2O3 activities in two- and three-phase coexisting slags at 1573 K were measured by equilibrating molten copper with oxide phases under a stream of Ar + H2 + CO2 gas mixtures, and the Gibbs energy changes of the formations of CaCr2O4 and Ca3Cr2Si3O12 were derived. It was found that the present results were compatible with the phase diagram and the literature data reported at higher temperature than 1573 K.

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1573 KにおけるCaO-SiO2-Cr2O3三元系の相平衡関係と成分活量

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還元雰囲気下1873 KにおけるCaO–SiO2–Cr2O3系スラグへの酸化Crの溶解度測定

李 智, 加藤 千聖, 小林 能直

pp. 449-454

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-119

抄録

For a better thermodynamic understanding of the optimization of molten slag in the stainless-steel refining process, the solubility of chromium oxide in the CaO–SiO2–Cr2O3 slag system was investigated. A chemical equilibrium technique was employed in which molten slag and solid Cr2O3 pellets were equilibrated under a regulated oxygen partial pressure (PO2) lower than 10−11 atm at 1873 K. The mass ratio of CaO to SiO2 (XCaO/XSiO2), as an index of slag basicity, was varied from 0.5 to 1.5. A CO–CO2–Ar gas mixture was used, and the oxygen partial pressure was precisely controlled by evaluating possible contamination by oxygen that was inevitably introduced into the gas mixture system. A zirconia oxygen sensor was used to directly measure the oxygen partial pressure for this evaluation. The solubility of chromium oxide increased with decreasing slag basicity and oxygen partial pressure. Accordingly, slag design is a huge prospect toward achieving desirable refining conditions.

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還元雰囲気下1873 KにおけるCaO–SiO2–Cr2O3系スラグへの酸化Crの溶解度測定

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高清浄度クロム鋼溶製を目的とするスラグ制御のための溶存金属酸化物の化学状態分析

篠田 弘造, 助永 壮平

pp. 455-460

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-113

抄録

The chemical states of Fe and Cr in CaO-SiO2-MgO based oxide glasses prepared assuming actual chromium steel slag with different compositions and different melting conditions were investigated using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measured by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and the valence ratios of each metal were determined. The results showed that the valence ratios changed depending on the oxygen partial pressure during melting, the basicity (CaO/SiO2 weight ratio), and the coexistence of Fe and Cr. It was also found that Fe was a two-component system with divalent and trivalent valences coexisting, while Cr had divalent, trivalent, and hexavalent valences, but only divalent and trivalent or trivalent and hexavalent valences coexisted. In particular, the effect of coexistence is complicated by the chemical states of Fe and Cr. The effect of MgO addition is not as large as that of metal oxide coexistence, but it is not only as a basic oxide. The usefulness of direct and quantitative analysis of metal chemical states by XAS was demonstrated.

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高清浄度クロム鋼溶製を目的とするスラグ制御のための溶存金属酸化物の化学状態分析

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高クロム鋼中の介在物の生成と組成変化

樋口 善彦, 小野 英樹, 奥本 括嘉

pp. 460-468

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-121

抄録

Controlling inclusion content in high chromium steel is very important to prevent submerged entry nozzle from clogging in continuous casting and avoid the negative impacts of inclusions on steel properties. Therefore, effects of temperature and content of elements on phase stability diagram should be clarified in chromium bearing steel. However, the effect of chromium content on boundaries of MgO, MgO∙Al2O3 and Al2O3 in phase stability diagram are much different among the researchers. The direction of boundaries shift is affected by chromium content differently. Temperature dependencies of deoxidation equilibrium constants below 1873 K are also scattered. Calcium, which is used to avoid the negative effect of MgO∙Al2O3 inclusion, enlarges liquid region in phase stability diagram. However, the region replaced by liquid oxide is understood differently in low alloyed steel and high chromium steel. In TiOx-Al2O3-MgO system inclusion, commercial thermochemical software predicts that boundaries of Ti2O3, Ti3O5, Al2O3 and TiOx-Al2O3 shift toward lower titanium content in high chromium steel. However, the calculated phase stability diagrams vary among studies even in liquid iron or low alloyed steel. Therefore, equilibrium experiments under various conditions and reliable technique of thermodynamic calculation with high accuracy are desired.

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高クロム鋼中の介在物の生成と組成変化

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溶融Fe-Cr-Ni合金におけるAl脱酸平衡の実験的測定と数値解析

深谷 宏, 中嶋 成佳, Jonah Gamutan, 鈴木 茂, 梶川 耕司, 斉藤 研, 三木 貴博

pp. 469-478

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-111

抄録

The aluminum deoxidation equilibrium in molten Fe-10 to 40 mass%Cr-8 mass%Ni and Fe-18 mass%Cr-8 to 30 mass%Ni alloys was experimentally determined at 1 873 K and 1 773 K to obtain the thermodynamic parameters at both temperatures, corresponding to the refining and casting processes, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis on Al deoxidation was carried out based on the sub-regular solution model using a Redlich–Kister type polynomial. Fe–Al, Ni–Al, Cr–Al and Fe–Cr–Ni interaction parameters were obtained from experimental results and a thermodynamic assessment. Using these parameters, the Al deoxidation equilibrium over the complete composition range of the Fe–Ni alloy and in more than 50 mass%Fe of the Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni alloys can be calculated for the temperature ranges of both of the refining and casting processes.

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溶融Fe-Cr-Ni合金におけるAl脱酸平衡の実験的測定と数値解析

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1873 KにおけるFe-17 mass%Cr鋼中MgO, MgO∙Al2O3の生成条件および生成介在物の変化

奥本 括嘉, 加藤 謙吾, 小野 英樹, 樋口 善彦

pp. 479-490

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-120

抄録

Demands for cleanliness of high chromium steel have been increasing. In steel refining process, aluminum is usually added in molten steel as a deoxidizing agent. As a result, such inclusions as alumina (Al2O3) and spinel (MgO∙Al2O3) are formed, which cause fatigue failures and surface defects. Therefore, it is important to understand the conditions of the inclusions which form in high chromium steel, and to reduce their harmful effects on steel qualities. In this work, to begin with, thermodynamic conditions of MgO and MgO∙Al2O3 formation in Fe-17 mass%Cr molten steel at 1873 K were investigated. The results showed that MgO is more stable in high chromium steel than in plain steel. The boundary of the stable condition of MgO and MgO∙Al2O3 shifts toward higher Al and lower Mg contents in high Cr steel. This cause is judged to be the effect of thermodynamic interaction between Cr and Mg. The interaction parameter of Cr on Mg was estimated to be 0.040 so that the boundary of stable condition of MgO and MgO∙Al2O3 can be explained. Moreover, phase stability diagram of Fe-Cr-Al-Ca-Mg-O system at 1873 K was developed to estimate the effect of chromium on the stable condition of MgO, MgO∙Al2O3 and CaO-MgO-Al2O3(l). Subsequently, the variations of inclusions which formed in Fe-17 mass%Cr molten steel were also investigated at 1873 K. The variations of inclusions in molten Fe-Cr steel were reasonably explained by considering the stable conditions of MgO and MgO∙Al2O3 investigated in this work.

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1873 KにおけるFe-17 mass%Cr鋼中MgO, MgO∙Al2O3の生成条件および生成介在物の変化

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ドロマイト耐火物からAl脱酸溶鋼へのMgとCaの溶出挙動

任 英, 劉 春陽, 高 旭, 張 立峰, 植田 滋, 北村 信也

pp. 491-500

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-114

抄録

Dolomite refractories are widely used in the refining process of clean steel and are considered potential sources of Mg and Ca that form MgO·Al2O3 spinel and CaO-containing inclusions. In this study, dolomite refractories were immersed into Al-killed molten steel with either 0.05% Al or 0.25% Al. The dissolution behavior of Mg and Ca from the dolomite refractory was studied, and the inclusion transformation behavior was observed. The results revealed that MgO in the dolomite refractory was reduced by Al in the molten steel, and the Mg content depended on the Al content. On the contrary, CaO barely dissolved into the molten steel even though the Al content increased. After immersion in both the low Al (0.05% Al) and high Al (0.25% Al) steels, an interfacial layer consisting of solid MgO and liquid phase CaO–Al2O3–MgO was formed on the surface of the rods. The initial Al2O3 inclusions gradually changed into Al2O3 saturated MgO–Al2O3 spinel after 60 min in low-Al steel; but were quickly transformed into MgO-saturated MgO–Al2O3 spinel in high Al steel. No CaO-containing inclusions were detected in the molten steel regardless of the immersion time and Al content.

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ドロマイト耐火物からAl脱酸溶鋼へのMgとCaの溶出挙動

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1873および1773 KにおけるFe-Mn-Al融体とAl2O3，MnAl2O4の脱酸平衡

西垣 亮介, 松浦 宏行

pp. 501-508

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-129

抄録

Deoxidation equilibria of Fe–Mn–Al melt with Al2O3 or MnAl2O4 were measured at 1773 K. Composition of melts doubly-saturated with Al2O3 and MnAl2O4 were also measured using a crucible comprising these two phases at 1873 or 1773 K. Equilibria with each solid oxide were analyzed using Wagner’s Interaction Parameter Formalism (WIPF). In the case of Al2O3 saturation, Al deoxidation curve at 1773 K was similar in shape to that at 1873 K, and the equilibrium oxygen content was approximately 1/3 of that at 1873 K. The deoxidation equilibria were reproduced using WIPF at the composition range above 0.1 mass%Al by using −0.32 as eOAl and 10−13.4 as the equilibrium constant of Al2O3 dissolution reaction, both of which were determined through analysis of measured results for Fe–(20 to 30) mass% Mn melt. In the case of MnAl2O4 saturation, accurate values of equilibrium constant were not obtained because of the relatively significant influence of oxygen analysis error. On the contrary, using compositions doubly-saturated with Al2O3 and MnAl2O4, valid values of the equilibrium constant of MnAl2O4 dissolution reaction, 10−15.4 and 10−17.7 at 1873 and 1773 K, respectively, could be determined.

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1873および1773 KにおけるFe-Mn-Al融体とAl2O3，MnAl2O4の脱酸平衡

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鋼の固液共存状態におけるSi-Mn系脱酸介在物の形態と組成解析

Jonah Gamutan, 三木 貴博, 長坂 徹也

pp. 509-516

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2020-103

抄録

Morphology and composition of inclusions change with temperature. However, besides the temperature conditions during steelmaking or continuous casting, other factors contributing to changes in the morphology and composition of inclusions during solidification are still unknown. In this study, the formation of complex inclusions in Si-Mn deoxidized steel after isothermal holding at the solid-liquid equilibrium temperature (TS) of steel was investigated.The typical inclusions found in the alloy were MnO-SiO2 based, spherically shaped and homogeneously distributed. With isothermal holding at the solid-liquid equilibrium temperature of steel, formation of a secondary SiO2-rich inclusion phase occurred. The changes in the composition of the inclusions depended on the manganese and silicon contents in the metal.The general mechanism of inclusion formation observed in this study can be divided into three steps: 1) the formation of primary MnO-SiO2 inclusions above the liquidus temperature when the steel is in a completely molten state as a result of the deoxidation process; 2) the nucleation of secondary inclusions as the molten steel becomes supersaturated with the solute elements while holding at the solid-liquid equilibrium temperature; and 3) the growth and coalescence of inclusions due to natural convection in the molten alloy. From this, the inclusions formed in Si-Mn deoxidized alloys held isothermally at the solid-liquid equilibrium temperature were of three types: primary MnO-SiO2 inclusions, secondary SiO2 inclusions and complex inclusions with both primary MnO-SiO2 inclusions and precipitated secondary SiO2 inclusions.

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鋼の固液共存状態におけるSi-Mn系脱酸介在物の形態と組成解析

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Fe-Mn-Si-O-S系合金の固液共存状態におけるMnO-SiO2系介在物上のMnS析出挙動

Jonah Gamutan, 三木 貴博, 長坂 徹也

pp. 517-524

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-074

抄録

With the emerging significance of creating an acicular ferrite microstructure to provide an optimum set of properties in steel, MnS precipitation behavior on a MnO-SiO2 inclusion at the solid-liquid coexistence temperature was experimentally investigated and thermodynamically elucidated in this study. Using a direct method of forming inclusions, alloy samples with varying sulfur concentrations [Fe-1.1Mn-0.10Si-0.05O-S (initial mass %); 0.005 to 0.031 initial mass % S] were prepared by holding at the solid-liquid coexistence temperature for 1 hour.In samples with less than 0.011 mass % sulfur, the formation of a MnO-SiO2 inclusion with a SiO2-rich precipitate was observed. Formation of SiO2 was described as a consequence of silicon enrichment in the liquid phase, which, under appropriate thermodynamic conditions, homogeneously precipitated and later on coalesced with the primary MnO-SiO2 phase. On the other hand, in samples with more than 0.022 mass % sulfur, heterogeneous precipitation of MnS along the boundary of the primary MnO-SiO2 inclusion and the alloy matrix was observed. Also, the SiO2-rich phase was found to disappear with increasing sulfur addition. Since the likelihood of heterogeneous nucleation is higher than homogeneous nucleation, it was assumed that MnS precipitation on the surface of the primary MnO-SiO2 and prevented the secondary SiO2-rich inclusion from coalescing with the existing MnO-SiO2 inclusion. This was also further validated for solute enrichment in the liquid phase, wherein MnS precipitation temperature was found to shift to higher temperatures in alloys with higher sulfur content.

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Fe-Mn-Si-O-S系合金の固液共存状態におけるMnO-SiO2系介在物上のMnS析出挙動

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1843 Kにおける溶融MnS-FeSおよびCrS-FeS相の熱力学的性質

Yan Lu, 三木 貴博

pp. 525-534

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-115

抄録

Phase equilibria in Fe-Mn-S and Fe-Cr-S ternary systems at 1843 K were investigated experimentally, respectively. The main characteristic of these two systems at 1843 K was confirmed to be a wide miscibility gap between two liquid phases: molten metal alloy phase and molten sulfide phase. Through metal/sulfide equilibrium method, activity of constituents in sulfide phase were determined in Fe-Mn-S and Fe-Cr-S systems separately. The activity curves of constituents in sulfide phase were estimated by utilizing regular solution model.

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1843 Kにおける溶融MnS-FeSおよびCrS-FeS相の熱力学的性質

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1843 Kにおける溶融MnS-CrS-FeS相の熱力学的性質

Yan Lu, 三木 貴博

pp. 535-540

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-116

抄録

Phase equilibria in Fe-Cr-Mn-S quaternary system at 1843 K were investigated experimentally. Two liquid phases: molten metal alloy phase and molten sulfide phase were in equilibrium in this system at 1843 K. The equilibrium relations between molten metal alloy and sulfide phases were experimentally measured. By using metal/sulfide equilibrium method, activity of constituents in molten MnS-CrS-FeS sulfide phase were determined. By utilizing regular solution model, activity curves of constituents in sulfide phase were estimated.

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1843 Kにおける溶融MnS-CrS-FeS相の熱力学的性質

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溶融Fe-Cr-Mn-S合金と平衡する固体・液体MnS-CrS-FeS相の熱力学的性質

Yan Lu, 三木 貴博

pp. 541-551

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-117

抄録

Thermodynamic property of solid MnS-CrS-FeS system was determined based on the combination between thermodynamic properties of liquid MnS-FeS, CrS-FeS, and MnS-CrS-FeS phase determined by the authors and reported phase diagram of MnS-FeS, CrS-FeS and MnS-CrS system. The determined parameters were verified by comparison with experimental results of equilibrium relationship between metal/sulfide in Fe-Cr-Mn-S system at 1793K. By utilizing the determined parameters, phase equilibria involving sulfide phase in liquid Fe-Cr-Mn-S system was established. According to the phase equilibria information controllability of MnS-CrS-FeS sulfide phase in typical stainless steel during solidification was evaluated.

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溶融Fe-Cr-Mn-S合金と平衡する固体・液体MnS-CrS-FeS相の熱力学的性質

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SUS430Fステンレス鋼における偏晶型硫化物の生成に及ぼすMn濃度，O濃度の影響

境沢 勇人, 金子 農, 江原 靖弘, 福元 成雄

pp. 552-559

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-112

抄録

The mechanism of monotectic sulfide formation in free-machining ferritic stainless steel (SUS430F) was investigated. Monotectic sulfides were observed in SUS430F ingots with Si-Mn deoxidation. Eutectic sulfide was found in Al deoxidized ingot. The selection of sulfide morphology can be predicted by the thermodynamic calculation using FactSage software. It was thought that the decrease in sulfide activity by dissolved oxygen as an oxy-sulfide was contributed to the monotectic sulfide formation. Microsegregation of sulfur and oxygen during solidification reduces the interfacial energy between liquid and sulfides and promotes the nucleation of sulfides. Thermodynamic stability was considered to determine the selection of sulfide morphology in SUS430F.

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SUS430Fステンレス鋼における偏晶型硫化物の生成に及ぼすMn濃度，O濃度の影響

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非金属介在物-溶融Feおよび溶融Fe-18%Cr-9%Ni合金間の界面エネルギー評価

古川 友貴, 齊藤 敬高, 中島 邦彦

pp. 560-571

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-107

抄録

The contact angles between three non-metallic inclusion-type oxide substrates, viz. Al2O3, MgO, and MgO·Al2O3, and molten Fe and molten Fe-based stainless steel (Fe-Cr-Ni alloy) were measured using the sessile drop method in Ar atmosphere at 1873 K. The contact angles between molten Fe and oxide substrates ranged between 111° and 117°, while that between molten Fe-Cr-Ni alloy and substrates ranged between 103° and 105°. The angles between the alloy and each of the substrates were smaller than the corresponding values for Fe, which was attributed to the superior wettability of molten Fe-Cr-Ni alloy on the substrates. The wettability of the molten materials is related to the interfacial tension between the molten metals and each substrate. Thus, the interfacial tension between the molten metals and the non-metallic substrates was quantitatively evaluated using Young’s equation and the measured contact angles; the interfacial tension for molten Fe ranged from 1.862 to 2.781 N·m−1, while that for molten Fe-Cr-Ni alloy ranged from 1.513 to 2.286 N·m−1. Owing to the higher reactivity between molten Fe-Cr-Ni alloy and the substrates, the interfacial tension and energy between them were lower than those between molten Fe and the substrates.

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非金属介在物-溶融Feおよび溶融Fe-18%Cr-9%Ni合金間の界面エネルギー評価

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SiO2活量の異なる酸化物基板の溶鋼に対する濡れ性

古川 友貴, 張 子瑶, 廣角 太朗, 齊藤 敬高, 中島 邦彦

pp. 572-583

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2021-110

抄録

The contact angle between molten Fe-Al alloy with 0.03, 0.3, and 3 mass% Al composition, and Y2O3 matrix oxide substrate with 0.002, 0.32, and 1 SiO2 activity was measured using sessile drop method in Ar atmosphere at 1873 K, and the interfacial tension was evaluated. The contact angle and interfacial tension between the molten Fe-0.3 Al alloy and the Y2Si2O7 + SiO2 (aSiO2 = 1) substrate decreased over time during 60 s after the molten alloy was dropped onto the substrate. The decrease of the contact angle was 20°, and that of the interfacial tension was 628 mN・m−1 Conversely, the other contact angles and the other interfacial energies were almost stable during the same period. The decrease of the contact angles ranged between 0° and 7°, and that of the interfacial tensions ranged 4 and 195 mN・m−1. By observing the wetting behavior for 60 min, it was recognized that the interfacial reaction between the Fe-Al alloy and the oxide substrate was the redox reaction between Al composition in the alloy and SiO2 composition in the substrate, composed of SiO2 decomposition reaction and Al2O3 formation reaction between oxygen absorbed at the interface and Al composition in the alloy. In addition, it was indicated from the interfacial tension dependence on SiO2 activity that the medium SiO2 volume slag for the molten low-Al steel and the low SiO2 volume slag for the molten high-Al steel were effective in preventing the small droplets of molten slag into the molten steel.

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SiO2活量の異なる酸化物基板の溶鋼に対する濡れ性

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