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Zairyo-to-Kankyo Vol. 49 (2000), No. 1

ISIJ International
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ONLINE ISSN: 1881-9664
PRINT ISSN: 0917-0480
Publisher: Japan Society of Corrosion Engineering

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Zairyo-to-Kankyo Vol. 49 (2000), No. 1

Weathering Steel in Coastal Atmosphere

Toshiaki Kodama

pp. 3-9

Abstract

Low-alloy weathering steels resistant to SOx pollution show poor performance in environments where airborne salinity is high. Recent researches on rust and weathering steels, therefore, have been focused on the rusting mechanism in the presence of chloride and development of new steels and coatings for the use in marine/coastal environments. In the paper discussion and literature review are given for the following subjects: 1) tolerable limit of airborne salinity level for the use of uncoated weathering steels in infrastructure, 2) related case study of flake rusting on bridges in coastal area, 3) thermochemical aspect of rusting in chloride environments, 4) crystal structure of iron rust in high salinity, 4) electrochemical reaction of rust and its catalytic properties in chloride media, 5) protective nature of rust of weathering steels, and 6) quality evaluation (or stabilization) of rust on weathering steels.

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The protective ability of rust layers formed on weathering steels exposed in an industrial region for various periods has been studied by the potential measurement, and the rust composition and structure were also studied. Potential of weathering steel in 0.1mol/L Na2SO4 solution tends to become noble with exposure time. Potential of weathering steels with rust layers, which were exposed for a long time and had superior atmospheric corrosion resistance, became over -0.3V (vs. SCE). The rust layer possesses the double layer structure composed of inner dark layer of α-FeOOH and outer bright layer under reflected polarized light, which is observed typically in the protective rust layer. On the other hand, potential of mild steel exposed for a long time is less noble at about -0.45V (vs. SCE). These results mean that potential reflects the difference of characteristic of rust layer. Potential became noble with increasing amount of α-FeOOH in rust, which suggests that potential depends on the composition of the rust layer. Furthermore, potential correlates with the ratio of rust composition α/γ*: α-FeOOH/(γ-FeOOH+β-FeOOH+Fe3O4), and potential of -0.3V (vs. SCE) corresponds to α/γ*=2. Therefore potential as well as the ratio α/γ* is able to use for the evaluation of the protective ability of the rust layers formed on weathering steels.

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Evaluation of Dissolution Properties of Metal Oxides by Modeling

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Degradation Behavior of Protective Rust Layer in Chloride Solution

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Abstract

The degradation of protective rust layer on weathering steels was investigated by electrochemical method in chloride solutions. The samples used were weathering steels which had been exposed in rural atmosphere for about 35 years. Electrode potential changes were measured in some chloride solutions for the samples with protective rust layer. The rest potential shifted from original 200 to 300mV vs. SSE to less noble and fairly constant values after 48 to 72 hours immersion. The constant potential gave less noble values with increasing chloride ion concentration. From the results of corrosion monitoring and visual observation, it is concluded that the decrease in rest potential is attributed the increased number of active sites for anodic dissolution. The alloying elements such as Cr, P and Cu are concentrated in rust layer at corresponding portions where active dissolution occurred on metal/rust interface. It is not observed that chloride permeation under high chloride ion concentration environments is inhibited by the presence of these elements.

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Degradation Behavior of Protective Rust Layer in Chloride Solution

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Effect of NaCl-MgCl2 Complex on the Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Wet/Dry Environment

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Abstract

The iron rust phase has been analyzed by using the in-situ XRD and the alternating current (AC) impedance methods after wet/dry corrosion test using NaCl-MgCl2 complex which is main composition of airborne saline particles. The corrosion mass gain of the carbon steel depends on the concentration of Cl ion from environment in the test chamber, and it does not depend on the type of cations (NaCl or MgCl2). As the concentration of Cl ion increases, the content of β-FeOOH increases in iron rust phases. The transition of β-FeOOH from the green rust I (G.R.I) was observed directly by the in-situ XRD. The amount of G.R.I depends on the concentration of Cl ion, and β-FeOOH is transformed from G.R.I automatically in drying process, where there is no dependence of type of cations on the iron rust phase whichever cation Cl bonds with. It was found by the AC impedance that the resistance of the rust (Rrust) increases with the number of cycles in the corrosion test, and that the structural factor of the rust becomes predominant in Rrust. With the increase of the amount of rust, the resistance corresponding to corrosion rate (Rt) decreases, which is related to the reduction of β-FeOOH in rust phase.

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