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Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 80 (2001), No. 5

ISIJ International
belloff
ONLINE ISSN: 1882-6121
PRINT ISSN: 0916-8753
Publisher: The Japan Institute of Energy

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Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 80 (2001), No. 5

Porous Bed Material-An Approach to Reduce Both Unburnt Gas Emission and NOx Emission from a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Waste Incinerator

Tadaaki SHIMIZU, Hans-Jürgen FRANKE, Satoko HORI, Yasuo TAKANO, Masaru TONSHO, Makoto INAGAKI, Masato TANAKA

pp. 333-342

DOI:

10.3775/jie.80.333

Abstract

In order to reduce emission of unburnt gas (CO, hydrocarbon) from fluidized bed incinerators, porous alumina was used as a bed material instead of conventional bed material (sand). Polyethylene pellets were burnt in a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed incinerator. Porous bed material was found to be effective not only for the reduction of unburnt gas emission but also thermal-NOx emission. The reduction of thermal-NOx was explained by the suppression of flame combustion in the freeboard due to increased combustion in the dense bed and enhanced horizontal mixing of carbonaceous material. The horizontal concentration profile in the freeboard became uniform when the porous particle was employed. The above results were explained by the capacitance effect (hydrocarbon capture by pore) of the porous material.

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Porous Bed Material-An Approach to Reduce Both Unburnt Gas Emission and NOx Emission from a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Waste Incinerator

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Standardization of Carbon Structural Analysis in Coal by X-ray Diffraction (1)

Noriko YOSHIZAWA, Katsuhisa MARUYAMA, Yoshio YAMADA, Yoshikazu TAKAHASHI, Gen KATAGIRI, Yukio SHIMANE, Michiaki HARADA

pp. 343-349

DOI:

10.3775/jie.80.343

Abstract

The standard analysis of coal by X ray diffraction (STAC-XRD), including evaluation of the number of aromatic layers in a stack (n), the average number of n (n (ave) ), the average distance between two aromatic layers (d002), and stacking index (SI), has been applied to several types of coals deashed and solvent-treated with hexane or methanol. Little influence of deashing was found on the distribution of n, as well as n (ave) , d002, and SI values. On the other hand, solvent treatment brought about almost the common changes for the coals employed, i.e., increase in n (ave) , and decrease in d002 and SI. These changes were explained owing to partial destruction of the loose stacking of the aliphatic layers attached to aromatic rings with the solvent treatment. The presence of the stacking of aliphatic carbons was suggested by taking into account a broad peak overlapped upon the 002 reflection peak due to aromatic carbons.

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Standardization of Carbon Structural Analysis in Coal by X-ray Diffraction (1)

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