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Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 101 (2022), No. 11

ISIJ International
belloff
ONLINE ISSN: 1882-6121
PRINT ISSN: 0916-8753
Publisher: The Japan Institute of Energy

Backnumber

  1. Vol. 103 (2024)

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  6. Vol. 98 (2019)

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  7. Vol. 97 (2018)

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  9. Vol. 95 (2016)

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Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 101 (2022), No. 11

Collection of Deposited Carbon Utilizing Porous Carbon Materials in the Pyrolysis of Sawdust

Hiroyuki NAKAGAWA, Maki UEDA

pp. 210-217

DOI:

10.3775/jie.101.210

Abstract

It is desired to fix carbon as stable solid for the conversion of carbonaceous resources to reduce the emission of CO2. In this study, it is proposed to obtain fuel gas and solid carbon through the pyrolysis of biomass by use of porous carbon to collect deposited carbon generated by the secondary decomposition of volatile matter. Activated carbon promotes the generation of gaseous products during the pyrolysis of sawdust in the batch reactor, although it minimally influences the decomposition behavior of volatile matter. H conversion ratio, which is the ratio of hydrogen generated as H2 and CH4 to that in the sawdust, increases monotonically with the increase of temperature, and reaches 32% at 800 °C. It was found that almost carbon can be collected above 500 °C since the secondary decomposition of tar fraction preferentially occurs on the surface of activated carbon. The difference in micropore structure is not observed between activated carbons before and after carbon deposition, indicating that it does not occur in the micropores. Similar effect was obtained when pyrolyzed char of sawdust was used instead of the activated carbon although the amount of carbon deposited on the pyrolyzed char surface is reduced compared with activated carbon.

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Production and Application of High-nitrogen Compost Extract as Liquid Fertilizer for Leafy Vegetable and Microalgae

Kenichi FURUHASHI, Fumio HASEGAWA, Akihiro TANAKA, Kazutaka KURODA, Naoki FUKUJU, Yutaka KAIZU, Kenji IMOU

pp. 218-224

DOI:

10.3775/jie.101.218

Abstract

This study aimed to produce high-nitrogen compost extract and applicate it to land plants and microalgae, a candidate crop for biofuel and high value-added material production, as a part of low-salinity compost production system. For this purpose, we selected komatsuna, a leafy vegetable, and Botryococcus braunii, a microalga, as the test species. Nitrogen-added compost, which was used as a deodorizing material for ammonia released from composting, had a higher amount of inorganic nitrogen than potassium, unlike general dairy cattle manure compost. The extraction efficiency of the fertilizer elements from nitrogen-added compost did not increase by extending the extraction time (5 min) or increasing the solvent ratio to 4, except for phosphoric acid. That of phosphoric acid increased with the solvent ratio up to 100. The moisture content discharged from screw press tended to be lower than that of the dairy manure slurry. In the culture of komatsuna, compost extract could be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers by supplementing the deficient of phosphoric acid. In the microalgae, compost extracts could be also used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers although phosphorus deficiency was observed in the late stage.There was no significant difference in hydrocarbon content of B. braunii.

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Production and Application of High-nitrogen Compost Extract as Liquid Fertilizer for Leafy Vegetable and Microalgae

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Significance of Woody Biomass in Austria Other than as Renewable Energy Source

Yuko SHIRAI

pp. 225-234

DOI:

10.3775/jie.101.225

Abstract

Recently, the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre published a report which states that it is incorrect to consider biomass energy to be carbon neutral. In Austria, woody biomass has already been gaining certain significance, other than as a renewable energy source. In Austria, over 50% of the renewable energy production comes from biomass. Of which, about 80% comes from woody biomass. The woody biomass energy is mainly used as a heat source. The utilization of woody biomass is therefore not based on any governmental policy that provides support to the sale of generated electricity. In addition to fossil fuels, woody biomass has been occupying a place in the energy supply area in Austria as a price-competitive fuel. This paper reviews the development of Austria’s woody biomass utilization as an energy source based on the on-site interviews the author conducted and the materials the author gathered locally, and elucidates significance of woody biomass, other than as a renewable energy source, from the viewpoints of forestry and lumber production industries and the energy consumption structure of the country.

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Significance of Woody Biomass in Austria Other than as Renewable Energy Source

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