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オンライン版ISSN:	1883-2954
冊子版ISSN:	0021-1575
発行機関:	The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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Vol. 111 (2025)
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Vol. 110 (2024)
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Vol. 105 (2019)
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Vol. 104 (2018)
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Vol. 97 (2011)
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Vol. 96 (2010)
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Vol. 90 (2004)
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Vol. 86 (2000)
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Vol. 82 (1996)
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Vol. 81 (1995)
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Vol. 80 (1994)
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Vol. 79 (1993)
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Vol. 78 (1992)
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Vol. 77 (1991)
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Vol. 76 (1990)
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Vol. 71 (1985)
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キーワードランキング

21 Jan. (Last 30 Days)

鉄と鋼早期公開

完全開放空気環境型超高速大気圧プラズマジェット窒化処理法の開発

宮本潤示, 高橋尚幸, 金成姫

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-112

抄録

Plasma nitriding of JIS SKD61 tool steel was performed by open-air type atmospheric-pressure plasma jet. The results of our experiments show that the surface hardness of tool steel work pieces was increased by more than two times that of the core material after within 30 min of treatment time.

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完全開放空気環境型超高速大気圧プラズマジェット窒化処理法の開発

Bibtex

Ris

焼結生産性向上のための蒸気予熱造粒技術

藤原頌平, 廣澤寿幸, 田中博史, 田中大士, 樋口隆英

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-128

抄録

As a countermeasure for deterioration of raw materials’ quality, improvement of sinter productivity is needed. To increase sinter productivity, steam heating granulation technologies have been developed. Heated granules reduce water condensation at wetting zone of sintering bed. It improves permeability of sinter bed and sinter productivity. At first, sintering properties and heat conductive efficiency were investigated at laboratory steam injection apparatus. As a result of the laboratory test, it was confirmed that the moisture condensation at the raw material bed was suppressed by steam injection, permeability was improved, and the sinter productivity was improved. Second, on the actual plant test, the rise of raw material’s temperature by steam heating was verified. On that test, granules were heated by 20°C. In terms of difference of heat conductive efficiency between laboratory and actual plant test, heat and material balance were examined to establish the heat transfer model at actual process. According to the heat analysis of actual plant test, indirect heat transfer via lining of drum mixer also contributed to heat granules.

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焼結生産性向上のための蒸気予熱造粒技術

Bibtex

Ris

ブリッジングに起因する凝固収縮流によって生成するマクロ偏析に及ぼす凝固組織形態の影響

佐々木心人, 棗千修

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-129

抄録

Casting experiments of Al-10 wt.%Cu alloy were carried out using an impreved Satou mold (iST mold). The mold was a rectangular parallelepiped (inner dimensions 30 mm^T × 50 mm^W × 140 mm^H), with a porous alumina plate on the wide side of the mold and a chill set at a height of 70 to 80 mm from the bottom. Four metal materials (stainless, steel, brass, and copper) with different thermal conductivities were used for the chill. To investigate the effect of bridging on the formation of macrosegregation, X-ray CT analysis of the macrosegregation distribution and morphology, observation of micro- and macro-structures, and analysis of temperature and solid fraction distribution were performed for samples obtained under each condition. Bridging formed near the chill under all conditions, and channels consisting of positive segregation and cavities were formed below it. The volume fraction of positive segregation decreased as the thermal conductivity of the chill material increased. In the samples using stainless and copper as chill materials, the volume fractions of positive segregation were 73.8 % and 11.7 %, respectively. Consequently, we confirmed that the bridging-formed conditions have a significant effect on the formation of macrosegregation.

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一方向凝固Fe–18Mn–1Al–0.3C鋼中のMnS介在物の晶出挙動

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ブリッジングに起因する凝固収縮流によって生成するマクロ偏析に及ぼす凝固組織形態の影響

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一方向凝固Fe–18Mn–1Al–0.3C鋼中のMnS介在物の晶出挙動

范越文, 亀田晃希, 胡暁軍, 松浦宏行

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-131

抄録

In order to reasonably control the precipitation of inclusions during solidification in TWIP steels, the precipitation behavior of typical MnS inclusions in high manganese steel was investigated by unidirectional solidification experiments. Through the combined analyses using ASEM-EDS, optical microscope, and thermodynamic calculation, it was found that Mn concentration in the liquid metal region were higher than those in the solid metal region. Furthermore, closer to the inclusion the liquid phase was, higher its Mn content was. In Fe-18mass%Mn-1Al-0.3C, MnS inclusions can precipitate at the positions located in the junction of dendrites at the end of the solidification (solid fraction f_S = 0.96), Mn content reaching 34.88 mass%. Already existing Al₂O₃ particles could become the core of MnS to form composite inclusions to promote the MnS precipitation during the solidification process. When f_S achieved 0.7 leading the Mn segregation in the liquid phase to 25 mass%, MnS starts to precipitate to attach the Al₂O₃ surface to form composite inclusion.

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ブリッジングに起因する凝固収縮流によって生成するマクロ偏析に及ぼす凝固組織形態の影響

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一方向凝固Fe–18Mn–1Al–0.3C鋼中のMnS介在物の晶出挙動

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高強度薄鋼板のレーザ溶接部の低温割れに及ぼす鋼板の機械的特性と炭素量の影響

芦田肇, 富士本博紀

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-117

抄録

This study reports a case of cold cracking along welds, which arises from solidification cracking within the crater during the laser welding of high-strength steel sheets. In this investigation, we aimed to delineate the factors influencing cold cracking that originates from solidification cracking in the crater. This was achieved by using steel sheets whose mechanical properties (tensile strength: 0.6 to 1.5 GPa) and chemical composition (carbon content: 0.20 to 0.55%) were individually adjusted. The evaluation method involved performing laser welding in a stitch pattern on an oiled steel sheet, with variations in welding length. The evaluation focused on the maximum welding length at which cold cracking occurred (L_MAX). The results indicated that while a high tensile strength of the steel sheet marginally increased the L_MAX, the impact remained limited. Conversely, the carbon content of the steel sheet significantly influenced cold cracking; the L_MAX for carbon contents of 0.30% and 0.45% was substantially greater than that for 0.20%. However, an unusual behavior was observed at a carbon content of 0.55%, where the L_MAX was smaller than that for 0.45%, despite the significant hardening of the weld metal. This phenomenon was hypothesized to occur because the tensile residual stresses in the welds decreased as martensitic transformation starting temperature lowered and the expansion strain during the transformation increased with higher carbon content.

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高強度薄鋼板のレーザ溶接部の低温割れに及ぼす鋼板の機械的特性と炭素量の影響

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SCM440鋼のギガサイクル疲労特性に及ぼすS量の影響

古谷佳之

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-146

抄録

Our previous study clarified the effect of MnS on gigacycle fatigue properties of SCM440 steel by conducting gigacycle fatigue tests on High-S steels whose S-content was so high as to be close to an upper limit of the JIS standard. On the other hand, this study discusses methods to avoid fatigue-failure from MnS by conducting the gigacycle fatigue tests on Low-S steel whose S-content is as low as possible in commercially available processes. Three types of materials were prepared with different working ratios, and the fatigue tests were conducted in transverse directions. The Low-S revealed higher fatigue strengths than the High-S. The fatigue strengths of Low-S with high working ratios were as high as those of a hot-rolled round bar. The Low-S with the lowest working ratio was fractured from shrinkages, resulting in low fatigue strength. The Low-S with the highest working ratio was fractured from oxides and matrix. As the results, MnS caused fatigue failure in a few specimens of the Low-S only with the middle working ratio. These results meant that the MnS-induced fatigue-failure was avoidable by minimizing the S-content. The fatigue test results were analyzed by using a previously derived prediction. The analysis results suggested that the MnS of High-S and the shrinkages of Low-S were more harmful than others. This was probably attributed to the large number of the MnS of High-S and of the shrinkage of Low-S, which accelerated crack propagations by interaction between the MnS inclusions and between the shrinkages.

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SCM440鋼のギガサイクル疲労特性に及ぼすS量の影響

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連続陰極水素チャージSSRT試験における低合金鋼の破壊挙動

西原佳宏, 野﨑彩花, 岡野拓史, 髙木周作

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-109

抄録

In order to reduce the construction cost of hydrogen infrastructure facilities, application of inexpensive materials such as low alloy steel is required. However, when hydrogen embrittlement is a concern, as in the case of low alloy steels, acquisition of material data in high-pressure hydrogen gas and proof of safety are necessary for application. Since the testing in high-pressure hydrogen gas incurs a high cost as a simple evaluation technique for the mechanical properties of materials in high-pressure hydrogen gas. While the comparison of mechanical properties such as total elongation in these two test environments has been an object of research, the difference in fracture processes is still not clear. In this study, slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests in high-pressure hydrogen gas and cathodic charge were conducted with two materials that had been controlled to different strengths by heat treatment, and their fracture behavior was investigated. Regardless the fracture mechanisms attributed to material strength, such as quasi-cleavage and intergranular-like fracture, the cathodic hydrogen charging SSRT test showed fracture displacement and a reduction of area equivalent to those in high-pressure hydrogen gas. However, the nominal stress-displacement curves showed different behavior immediately before final fracture. A detailed examination of the fracture processes of the specimens revealed that the difference in the fracture behavior of the specimens in the high-pressure gas test and in the cathodic hydrogen charging test was caused by the difference in hydrogen-induced crack growth behavior.

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連続陰極水素チャージSSRT試験における低合金鋼の破壊挙動

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溶融亜鉛めっき鋼材のdwell疲労におけるき裂の生成過程

長谷川嘉代, ALWEEDO Shatumbu Thomas, 盛田元彰

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-121

抄録

The study investigated the dwell fatigue characteristics of hot-dip galvanized steel. Cyclic and dwell fatigue tests were conducted, their fatigue life was compared, and fracture surfaces were analyzed. When the cyclic maximum stress (σ_max) was the upper yield stress (σ_UYS), there was hardly a difference in fatigue life between cyclic and dwell fatigues. In σ_max=0.9 × σ_UYS, the fatigue life in dwell fatigue was shorter than that in cyclic fatigue. The cracks under dwell fatigue were generated in σ_max= σ_UYS before N=10 cycles. Their cracks did not grow until N=100,000 cycles. On the other hand, no cracks were observed on the specimen surface under cyclic fatigue before N=100,000 cycles. The formation of cracks on the surface of the galvanized layer under cyclic dwell was remarkably delayed compared to that under dwell fatigue, regardless of the applied stresses in this study. Therefore, dwell fatigue mode debases the surface of the hot-dip galvanized steel. The applied stress affected the crack morphology on the specimen surface. In σ_max= σ_UYS, the large cracks were observed at the grain boundary triple junctions. In σ_max=0.9 × σ_UYS, not only the cracks at triple junctions of grain boundary but also some cavities along the grain boundaries were detected. Their defects were often reported under creep deformation. The cavities seemed to adjoin each other and coalesce. In the stress relaxation testing, the hot-dip galvanized steel exhibited creep behavior. The decrease in the fatigue life under dwell fatigue would be due to the creep phenomena.

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溶融亜鉛めっき鋼材のdwell疲労におけるき裂の生成過程

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溶融亜鉛めっき鋼の高力ボルト摩擦接合部すべり機構の微細組織解析

岡本範彦, 小林駿斗, 市坪哲

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-144

抄録

The friction-type joints using high-strength bolts are frequently employed for the assembly of structural steel components. The drawback of the combination of the friction-type joints and hot-dip galvanized steel plates for highly corrosive environments is the low slip coefficient at the friction interface in the as-coated condition. To increase the slip coefficient, labor-intensive blast processing or phosphate treatment is applied to the surface of the galvanized steel plates before assembly. In this study, we investigated the slip mechanism at the friction interface between as-galvanized steel plates through slip resistance tests on high-strength bolted friction joints, in hope of determining effective methods for overcoming the low slip coefficient in the as-coated condition. In the as-galvanized material, both the outermost Zn- and ζ(FeZn₁₃)-phase layers exhibit c-axis texture. Since the easiest basal (dislocation) slip plane for the Zn phase with the hexagonal close-packed structure is parallel to the friction interface, the Zn phase is geometrically prone to plastic deformation due to the shear stress applied on the friction interface. The evidence that the coarse-grained Zn phase was refined to small crystal grains upon macroscopic slippage at the friction interface indicated that the low slip coefficient was attributed to the readily deformable nature of the outmost Zn phase. Potential strategies for increasing the slip coefficient without pre-surface treatment include strengthening the soft Zn phase through grain refinement or texture modification, or complete removal of the Zn phase during galvanizing.

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溶融亜鉛めっき鋼の高力ボルト摩擦接合部すべり機構の微細組織解析

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Ti炭窒化物を異質核としたFe–22mass%Mn–0.7mass%C–0.3mass%Ti合金における準安定フェライトの等軸晶凝固

鳴海大翔, 太田誠, 藤田健吾, 勝部涼司, 安田秀幸

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-125

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This study demonstrates the effect of Ti addition on phase selection and subsequent ferrite-austenite transformation in Fe-22mass%Mn-0.7mass%C alloy, where the austenite is the primary phase in equilibrium. X-ray radiography revealed that the metastable ferrite nucleated as equiaxed grains in the completely melted specimen. During subsequent cooling, the metastable ferrite massively transformed into the austenite in the solid state, forming multiple austenite grains in each metastable ferrite grain. The ferrite-austenite transformation immediately followed the coarsening of multiple austenite grains within each former metastable ferrite grain. Typical austenite grain size ranged from 100 to 500 μm. In the specimen after the observation, titanium carbonitride (Ti(C,N)), which acts as heterogeneous nucleation agent for the ferrite, was presented and overlaid manganese spinel (MnAl₂O₄) or Al-Ti oxide. Because disregistry between such oxides and Ti(C,N) can be relatively low, the oxides facilitated the formation of Ti(C,N) in the melt. Regarding the formation of the oxides, it can be postulated that titanium oxides, as a deoxidation product, first combined with soluble Al, Mn, and O to form liquid Al-Mn-Ti oxides. During cooling, MnAl₂O₄ or Al-Ti oxide was supersaturated in liquid Al-Mn-Ti oxides, which subsequently crystallized and dispersed in the melt. Thus, titanium oxide serves as a precursor to a multistep reaction leading to the formation of Ti(C,N), and its fine dispersion in the melt allows us to control the austenite grain size in the as-cast microstructure through promoting the metastable ferrite nucleation followed by the ferrite-austenite transformation.

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Ti炭窒化物を異質核としたFe–22mass%Mn–0.7mass%C–0.3mass%Ti合金における準安定フェライトの等軸晶凝固

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球引き上げおよびダムブレイク実験による高気体体積率フォームの粘度測定

杉真弥, 樋口善彦

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-108

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Viscosity measurements of a gas-liquid two-phase fluid (foam) with fine bubbles were conducted using a sphere pull-up method and the flow behavior in dam-break experiments was evaluated. The following results were obtained.

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球引き上げおよびダムブレイク実験による高気体体積率フォームの粘度測定

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Fe/溶融Zn–Al界面におけるFe₂Al₅相の安定性のフェーズフィールドシミュレーション

塩谷俊佑, 塚田祐貴, 小山敏幸

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-110

抄録

The stability of η-Fe₂Al₅ phase at α-Fe/molten Zn–0.1Al (wt.%) (L) interface at 723 K in Fe–Zn–Al ternary system was investigated by phase-field simulations. Thin layers of intermetallic compound (IMC) phases (η，Г-Fe₃Zn₁₀，Г₁-Fe₅Zn₂₁ and δ₁-FeZn₇) were placed between the α and L phases, and the growth of the IMC layers and the atomic diffusion of constituent elements along the direction perpendicular to the α/L interface were calculated by one-dimensional phase-field simulation. The simulation result showed that Г and Г₁ phases dissolved, and thin η phase and thick δ₁ phase remained stable at the α/L interface. Moreover, several phase-field simulations were performed by varying the values of interdiffusion coefficients in each phase. The simulation results showed that the diffusion and partitioning behaviors of Al have a significant effect on the stability of IMC layers at the α/L interface. It was found that the partitioning of Al to the α phase was suppressed due to the fact that the value of interdiffusion coefficient in the α phase was several orders of magnitude smaller than those in the IMC phases. The resultant Al partitioning to the IMC phases was the direct cause of the stabilization of the η phase and the destabilization of the Г and Г₁ phases.

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Fe/溶融Zn–Al界面におけるFe₂Al₅相の安定性のフェーズフィールドシミュレーション

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一方向凝固材の横断面組織での一次元固相率推定の試み

江阪久雄, 高橋昴, 中本将嗣, 吉川健

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-119

抄録

In order to clarify the location of secondary inclusions formed during solidification, this study proposed a function to estimate the one-dimensional fraction solid at any position from the cross-section of unidirectionally solidified specimen. The function is based on an n-th order function expressed as a combination of the dimensionless distance (r/R) defined within the dendritic domain and the rotation angle θ measured from a specific secondary branch. The function has a simple form and uses only one parameter but the estimated values of fraction solid are ideal both for one-dimensional and two-dimensional ones. In addition, the predicted shape of the cross-sectional structure of the dendrite that can be derived from the proposed function is reasonable. It was also revealed that it is possible to express a variety of shapes from a cell shape without secondary branches to a dendrite shape with well-developed secondary branches, by changing the value of parameter n.

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モデル材料を用いた凝固過程における介在物生成挙動のその場観察

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一方向凝固材の横断面組織での一次元固相率推定の試み

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リチウムイオン電池電解液におけるNiめっき鋼板の耐食性

政次美咲, 山中晋太郎, 高橋武寛, 石塚清和

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-102

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In order to improve both performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries, we investigated the use of steel sheets which have a higher melting point than aluminum currently used for cell cases of lithium-ion batteries, for cell cases. First, a coating metal that can suppress Fe dissolution was selected, because corrosion resistance to battery electrolyte is important for battery cell cases. We found that Ni has high corrosion resistance to battery electrolyte, and that Ni-coated steel sheets can reduce the risk of short circuits due to decrease in Fe dissolution and re-deposition compared to non-coated steel sheets.

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リチウムイオン電池電解液におけるNiめっき鋼板の耐食性

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鉄添加によるコークス炉排水処理の硝化改善

山口東洋司, 篠田万里子, 井上敦晴, 中村知道, 村井亮太, 髙橋克則

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-111

抄録

The coke-oven wastewater contains high concentrations of ammonia, COD (chemical oxygen demand) and toxic compounds such as phenols, cyanides, and thiocyanate. This wastewater is one of the most toxic industrial wastewater. Although the activated sludge process has been applied to treatment of the coke-oven wastewater, the treatment was occasionally deteriorated by inhibition of toxic compounds. Especially, the nitrification step was sensitive to toxic compounds, nitrite (NO₂^-) was often accumulated due to incomplete nitrification. Nitrite is toxic and has a negative effect on COD degrading bacteria. The complete nitrification was required for stable treatment.

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亜鉛合金の界面異方性が凝固形態に及ぼす影響評価とその推定に向けたデータ同化構築

鉄と鋼早期公開

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鉄添加によるコークス炉排水処理の硝化改善

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亜鉛合金の界面異方性が凝固形態に及ぼす影響評価とその推定に向けたデータ同化構築

山村彩乃, 安田秀幸, 高木知弘

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-126

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The solid–liquid interface energy anisotropy of Zn alloys remains poorly understood. Recently, characteristic 14-arm dendritic growth has been observed using time-resolved X-ray computed tomography at SPring-8 during the solidification of a Zn-4mass%Al alloy. This study investigates the dependence of the dendrite morphologies of Zn alloys on solid–liquid interface energy anisotropy through systematic phase-field simulations of the growth of an isolated equiaxed dendrite. We also develop a data assimilation system to estimate the anisotropy parameters of solid–liquid interface energy and crystal orientation in Zn alloys and validate the system through twin experiments. This study provides insights into the solidification of Zn alloys and a powerful tool for their investigation.

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鉄添加によるコークス炉排水処理の硝化改善

鉄と鋼早期公開

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亜鉛合金の界面異方性が凝固形態に及ぼす影響評価とその推定に向けたデータ同化構築

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モデル材料を用いた凝固過程における介在物生成挙動のその場観察

川西咲子, 塚原優希, 寺島慎吾, 中尾温斗, 助永壮平, 柴田浩幸

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-120

抄録

The formation of secondary inclusions during the solidification process of molten steel is a complex phenomenon triggered by microsegregation. Controlling the dispersion of secondary inclusions in the solidified steel is an important issue that greatly affects the properties of the steel; however, the distribution of inclusions after solidification does not always coincide with the locations of inclusion formation. Therefore, it is still difficult to estimate when, where, and at what supersaturation level inclusions crystallize in the liquid phase, and it is desirable to clarify their formation behavior to control the dispersion of inclusions. In this study, we investigated the formation process of inclusion using a ternary model material of succinonitrile-water-lumogen yellow by in-situ observation, where the formation of oversaturated lumogen yellow can be regarded as the inclusion formation. It was confirmed that the frequency of inclusion formation increased significantly when the solution was held at lower temperatures, i.e., when a large supersaturation ratio was given. The results of the formation frequency indicated that the formation of inclusions occurred in the liquid phase according to the classical nucleation theory.

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一方向凝固材の横断面組織での一次元固相率推定の試み

鉄と鋼早期公開

凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl₂O₃上へのMnSの晶出挙動

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モデル材料を用いた凝固過程における介在物生成挙動のその場観察

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高Si急速焼戻し鋼の水素脆化によるき裂の発生と進展機構

砂子真魅, 水本政隆, 田中練, 熊井慎太郎, 山内雄一郎, 大井梓, 多田英司

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-123

抄録

In this study, we focused on fine dispersion of Fe_2-3C (ε) by combining the addition of Si and rapid tempering to improve the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of high-strength spring steels. The aim of this study is to clarify the fracture mechanism of rapidly tempered high-Si steels: the JISSUP7 (2.0Si) and SAE9254 (1.4Si) spring steels were tempered at different tempering rates by induction (IH) and furnace heating (FH) methods. Bending test were carried out during the cathodic hydrogen charging to observe the fracture origin and morphology of the steels. The size and volume of carbides were quantified using small-angle X-ray scattering method (SAXS) and synchrotron radiation XRD. The distribution of carbides was observed with the replica method: facets were observed at the fracture origin of the 2.0Si-IH steel and 1.4Si-IH steel, which contained retained γ in the microstructure. It was considered that the facets formed because retained γ at the grain boundaries transformed into martensite during hydrogen embrittlement, promoting intergranular cracking; the 2.0Si-IH steel contained the largest amount of retained γ, but also contained fine Fe_2-3C(ε) in the lath. This suggests that dislocations and hydrogen are less likely to accumulate at the grain boundaries, resulting in the longest fracture life. In other words, in rapidly tempered high Si steels (2.0Si-IH steels), the fine dispersion of Fe_2-3C (ε) has more influence on the suppression of crack initiation and propagation than the increase in the amount of retained γ, and this contributes significantly to the fracture life.

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高Si急速焼戻し鋼の水素脆化によるき裂の発生と進展機構

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Fe-15Mn-10Cr-8Ni-4Si制振ダンパー合金の摩擦攪拌接合

柳樂知也, 中村照美, 澤口孝宏, 森正和, 森貞好昭, 藤井英俊

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-127

抄録

Friction stir welding (FSW) was applied to a 10 mm-thick plate for the Fe-15Mn-10Cr-8Ni-4Si seismic damping alloy. A sound FSW joint was obtained successfully without macro-defects such as groove-like defects and tunnel holes. However, small pores with diameters of 1–5 μm were formed owing to the wear of the FSW tool during the FSW. The decrease in the heat input suppressed the tool wear. Consequently, the distribution of small pores was limited to the border of the stir zone at the advancing side under smaller heat input conditions. The stir zone of the FSW specimen produced at 125 rpm showed a higher tensile strength of 759 MPa owing to the grain refinement and the high elongation of 50% compared with the base metal. In addition, the stir zone exhibited a remarkable fatigue life of 9,723 cycles. This was higher than that of the base metal (8,908 cycles). Grain refinement occurred by discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) via high-angle boundary bulging and direct nucleation in the high-dislocation area. The increase in the heat input suppressed the DDRX owing to the promotion of dynamic recovery.

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Fe-15Mn-10Cr-8Ni-4Si制振ダンパー合金の摩擦攪拌接合

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有機酸錯体中の鉄（II）イオンの酸化状態の安定性

打越雅仁, 鈴木茂

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-134

抄録

Oral iron medications, a treatment for iron deficiency anemia, frequently cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The mechanism of toxicity has not been elucidated, and therefore measures to reduce toxicity have not been established. The influence of the oxidation state of iron is considered as one of the factors that may cause side effects, so the oxidation state of iron was confirmed using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy when oral iron medications dissolve in the stomach. The main components of oral iron medications are inorganic and organic acid iron complexes, with citric acid, fumaric acid, sulfuric acid, etc. used as ligands. The influence of the valence of the ligand on the stability of the oxidation state of iron was also examined.

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有機酸錯体中の鉄（II）イオンの酸化状態の安定性

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高P過包晶鋼凝固時の偏析形成とリン化鉄の晶析出

原田寛, 杉本憲弥, 高山拓也

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-094

抄録

In the production of high strength steel, it is necessary to improve the inner quality of steel slab. Among of the internal defects, the center segregation deteriorates the ductility and fatigue strength of high strength steel. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the generation mechanism of center segregation and develop the countermeasure technologies. In the center-segregated region of high phosphorous and hyper-peritectic steel slabs, iron-phosphide may be observed. However, the precipitation mechanism of iron-phosphide has not been fully clarified. Therefore, in this study, in order to clarify the formation mechanism of micro- and macro-segregation in the final solidification of CC slab, the melting behavior of the center segregation region of high phosphorous and hyper peritectic steel slab has been investigated by using high temperature observation equipment installed with the image furnace. Additionally, the enrichment of solute in the inter-dendritic region has been analyzed by using micro- segregation model with consideration of delta-gamma transition of steel. Under the assumption that the enriched solute in the inter dendritic region was transferred to the final solidification region because of fluid flow and the center-segregation was formed, the re-solidification of micro-segregated liquid was analyzed by using the modified micro-segregation model. At the same time, the possibility of precipitation of iron-phosphide was examined by using solubility limit of iron-phosphide. Moreover, under the basis of Fe-C-P ternary eutectic solidification system, the precipitation mechanism of iron-phosphide during the formation of center segregation was discussed.

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高P過包晶鋼凝固時の偏析形成とリン化鉄の晶析出

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ASME P91鋼のクリープ挙動に及ぼす応力変動の影響

澤田浩太, 谷内泰志, 野島健大, 関戸薫子, 畠山友孝, 木村一弘

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-114

抄録

Effect of cyclic stress changes on creep rupture strength was investigated at 600^oC for MGQ and MGS heat of ASME P91 steel. There was no large difference of creep rupture strength among the heats. However, the creep rupture ductility of MGS was lower than that of MGQ in the long-term. The initial creep stress and stress after stress reduction was 120MPa and 24MPa to 84MPa, respectively. The time interval of stress reduction was 6 days for each test. For MGQ heat, no effect of stress reduction to 84MPa on creep rupture strength was observed. The stress reduction to 60MPa slightly increased time to rupture as compared to creep test under constant stress. A small amount of decrease in time to rupture was confirmed in case of stress reduction to 36MPa.Consequently, there was no tendency of effect of stress reduction on creep rupture strength for both heats. The cyclic stress change did not affect the martensitic lath structure and precipitates distribution after creep rupture.

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ASME P91鋼のクリープ挙動に及ぼす応力変動の影響

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Si, Mn添加冷延鋼板の表面酸化挙動とりん酸亜鉛処理性に及ぼす鋼中Bの影響

古谷真一, 知場三周, 水野大輔

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-106

抄録

The effect of B on the surface oxidation behavior and phosphatability of cold-rolled steel sheets was investigated using 0.001 wt% B-added and B-free steels containing 0.6 wt% Si and 2.0 wt% Mn. The specimens were annealed at 800 ℃ in a 5 vol% H₂-N₂ atmosphere with a dew point of -50 ℃. The surface oxides of the annealed samples were analyzed by GD-OES, FT-IR, SEM-EDX and TEM. The annealed steel sheets were then subjected to zinc phosphate treatment, and the effect of the surface oxides on phosphatability was evaluated by SEM-EDX. In the initial stage of annealing, fine granular Mn₂SiO₄ mainly formed and film-like SiO₂ partly formed on both steels. As the soaking time at 800 °C increased, the granular Mn₂SiO₄ increased in the B-free steel. In contrast, in the B-added steel, the granular Mn₂SiO₄ coarsened, MnSiO₃, MnO and B₂O₃ formed, and the film-like SiO₂ formation area expanded. Addition of B reduced the melting point, causing coarsening of Mn₂SiO₄, exposing the base steel. This results in a difference in the oxygen potential between the exposed area of the steel and the oxide covered area. This local inhomogeneity of the oxygen potential changes the surface oxide species of the B-added steel. To elucidate the reason for the poor phosphatability of the B-added steel, a SEM-EDS analysis of the steel surface in the initial stage of zinc phosphate treatment was conducted, revealing that the coarse Si-Mn complex oxides and large film-like SiO₂ inhibited the zinc phosphate reaction.

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Si, Mn添加冷延鋼板の表面酸化挙動とりん酸亜鉛処理性に及ぼす鋼中Bの影響

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すべりを伴う転動疲労におけるSCM440H窒化材の化合物層中ポア形状の変化と耐ピッチング強度への影響

丸山貴史, 梅澤修

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-105

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Nitriding is a beneficial surface hardening heat treatment to reduce CO₂ emissions and shows a potential partially replace carburized steels adopted for sliding parts such as bearings and gears. Both the bending fatigue strength and pitting fatigue strength under high contact pressure were evaluated for nitrided JIS-SCM440H materials using two types of controlled-nitridings, i.e. γ' and e, and conventional gas nitriding. Not only the thickness of the compound layer but also its phase structure such as γ' and e significantly affected the 10⁷ cycles bending fatigue strength, where the γ'-nitrided material was the highest. On the other hand, almost no effects of the thickness and phase structure on the 10⁷ cycles pitting fatigue strength were detected in the materials. Compared to the carburized material, the γ'-nitrided material exhibited higher 10⁷ cycles fatigue strength in bending and pitting, but poor fatigue strength in the lower cycles range. The shape and size of the pores in the compound layer were altered during roller-pitching tests, although there was almost no reduction in the thickness of the compound layer. The pore size was reduced by pore closure, especially at higher contact pressures. Pore closure was more pronounced in the γ'-nitrided materials than in the ε-nitrided materials at lower contact pressures. The 10⁷ cycles pitting fatigue strength was improved after the pore closure, resulting from fewer defects.

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すべりを伴う転動疲労におけるSCM440H窒化材の化合物層中ポア形状の変化と耐ピッチング強度への影響

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固相窒素吸収法により窒素を導入した9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb鋼のクリープ中の組織変化 ―機械学習によるSTEM-EDSマップの多次元散布図解析―

畠山友孝, 井田駿太郎, 澤田浩太, 吉見享祐

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-115

抄録

Creep deformation and precipitation behavior of 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb steel with excess nitrogen introduced by solution nitriding were investigated. Precipitation of Cr₂N phase was confirmed in addition to M₂₃C₆ and MX phases in the tempered microstructure. The creep strength of the steel was significantly reduced by solution nitriding, while the creep rupture elongation was increased. To characterize the complex precipitation behavior of the nitrogen-added steel, a machine learning-based clustering method of the multidimensional scatter diagram of the X-ray intensity of the alloying elements in each pixel of a STEM-EDS map was developed. Reduced number density of precipitates and enhanced coarsening kinetics of both Cr₂N and MX were proposed as the mechanism of weakening caused by excess nitrogen.

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固相窒素吸収法により窒素を導入した9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb鋼のクリープ中の組織変化 ―機械学習によるSTEM-EDSマップの多次元散布図解析―

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溶融Zn-55%Al合金めっき鋼板の固液界面反応に及ぼすSi添加の役割

大見泰央, Dasom KIM, 髙田尚記, 鈴木飛鳥, 小橋眞, 米田鈴枝

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-097

抄録

This study was set to fundamentally understand the effect of Si addition on the interfacial reaction between Zn-55%Al alloy liquid (corresponding to a nominal composition of Al-25Zn (at%)) and Fe solid in the production process of GALVALUME steel sheets. The pure Fe sheets were hot-dipped in Al-25Zn and Al-25Zn-2Si (at%) alloy melts at 600, 650, and 700^oC for 2~3600 s. Significantly thick coatings were formed on Fe sheets hot-dipped in the Al-25Zn binary alloy melt for a longer time than 10 s. The coating thickness became several millimeters after 30 s, resulting in a delamination of the coating. The significant Fe dissolution occurred in the Al-Zn binary alloy melt, accompanied by a significant growth of η phase (Fe₂Al₅) toward the solid Fe. The growth could be promoted by the Zn-rich liquid phase with a lower melting temperature. However, in the case of hot-dipping in the Al-25Zn-2Si ternary alloy melt, uniform coatings were formed on the hot-dipped Fe sheets due to the suppressed interfacial reactions. The Fe dissolution slightly occurred, and a continuous layer of Si-rich T₅ (Fe₂Al_7.4Si) phase was formed at the interface of solid Fe with the Al-25Zn-2Si alloy melt. The continuous T₅ phase layer would play a role in a diffusion barrier at the interface of solid Fe with liquid Al-Zn alloy, resulting in the suppressed interfacial reaction. These interfacial reaction processes are discussed based on thermodynamic calculations of the Fe-Al-Zn ternary and Fe-Al-Zn-Si quaternary systems.

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460℃におけるFe–Mn合金/溶融純Zn界面でのFe–Zn金属間化合物層の形成挙動

鉄と鋼早期公開

凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl₂O₃上へのMnSの晶出挙動

鉄と鋼早期公開

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溶融Zn-55%Al合金めっき鋼板の固液界面反応に及ぼすSi添加の役割

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460℃におけるFe–Mn合金/溶融純Zn界面でのFe–Zn金属間化合物層の形成挙動

米田鈴枝, 高田尚記

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-116

抄録

The effect of Mn on the alloying reaction during hot-dip galvanization was investigated. The microstructure of the Fe–Zn intermetallic layers consisted of ζ, δ, and Γ phases for both pure Fe and Fe–2Mn (wt.%) alloy. The intermetallic layers grew thicker with increasing dipping time, and the growth rate of each layer was similar for both substrates. In the case of Fe–2Mn, the formation of the δ_1p phase was observed after dipping for 2 s. However, δ_1p formation was delayed for pure Fe, indicating that Mn may promote nucleation of the δ_1p phase. It is known that the δ_1p phase nucleates in the Fe-saturated ζ phase. The Fe content at the ζ/δ_1p interface was found to be lower for the Fe–2Mn alloy by electron probe microanalysis, suggesting that the supersaturation of Fe for the nucleation of δ₁_p is decreased by Mn addition and Mn may stabilize the δ₁_p phase. Once δ_1p became a continuous layer, the growth rates of the δ_1p layer on pure Fe and Fe–2Mn were similar. Mn could affect only the nucleation of δ_1p during the initial stage of the alloying reaction.

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溶融Zn-55%Al合金めっき鋼板の固液界面反応に及ぼすSi添加の役割

鉄と鋼早期公開

凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl₂O₃上へのMnSの晶出挙動

鉄と鋼早期公開

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460℃におけるFe–Mn合金/溶融純Zn界面でのFe–Zn金属間化合物層の形成挙動

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凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl₂O₃上へのMnSの晶出挙動

武田暁斗, 黒川拓真, 加藤謙吾, 小野英樹

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-096

抄録

Forming conditions and compositional changes of primary inclusions in molten steel have been studied due to the demand for high cleanliness of steels. MnS, a common inclusion in steel, does not form in molten steel, although it is observed in steel with oxide inclusions such as MnO, Al₂O₃ and SiO₂. On the other hand, Mn and S are enriched in molten steel due to the segregation phenomenon during the solidification process which suggests that MnS form in molten steel during solidification. However, the precipitation behavior of MnS inclusions in molten steel due to the enrichment of Mn and S and the interaction between the primary inclusion and the molten steel is still unclear. In this work, a new experimental technique was developed and the precipitation behavior of MnS from molten steel onto solid Al₂O₃ was studied. Solid MnS precipitates were observed on the Al₂O₃ rod immersed in the sample with adding Al whereas precipitates containing MnO, A₂O₃ and MnS were observed on the Al₂O₃ rod in the sample without adding Al. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that Mn enriched in molten steel is oxidized to form MnAl₂O₄ when Al content is low and the MnAl₂O₄ reacts with S in molten iron to form molten MnO-Al₂O₃-MnS. MnS can precipitate from the molten MnO-Al₂O₃-MnS. On the other hand, Mn enriched in molten steel does not react with Al₂O₃ when Al content is high. Therefore, MnS can precipitate at the final period of solidification where Mn and S are significantly enriched in molten steel.

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Fe–(0.5–2.0)%Al–2.0%Mn合金の一方向凝固におけるAlNの晶出挙動に及ぼすAl濃度の影響

鉄と鋼早期公開

460℃におけるFe–Mn合金/溶融純Zn界面でのFe–Zn金属間化合物層の形成挙動

鉄と鋼早期公開

一方向凝固材のミクロ偏析／組織における介在物分布の評価手法の開発

鉄と鋼早期公開

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凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl₂O₃上へのMnSの晶出挙動

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一方向凝固材のミクロ偏析／組織における介在物分布の評価手法の開発

高橋昴, Anna Sciazko, 中本将嗣, 鈴木賢紀, 江阪久雄, 鹿園直毅, 吉川健

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-101

抄録

The formation of inclusions during solidification in steelmaking process is a critical issue for the optimal processing and the quality of steel products. Therefore, it is required to clarify the mechanism on the inclusion formation for its adequate control. In the present work, the evaluation method of inclusion distribution via the combination of inclusion positions analysis and image analysis of dendrite structure with machine learning is proposed. Image analysis using a conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial network enabled the detection of domain boundaries and the directions of secondary dendrite arms in the cross-sectional structure of unidirectionally solidified specimens. In addition, by combining this with the analysis of inclusion position, a correlation was confirmed between micro segregation behavior and the formation behavior of TiN inclusions.

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Solvation Shellモデルに基づく溶融合金中の酸素，窒素の活量係数およびその支配因子の評価

鉄と鋼早期公開

凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl₂O₃上へのMnSの晶出挙動

鉄と鋼早期公開

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一方向凝固材のミクロ偏析／組織における介在物分布の評価手法の開発

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Fe–(0.5–2.0)%Al–2.0%Mn合金の一方向凝固におけるAlNの晶出挙動に及ぼすAl濃度の影響

今井健太, 加藤謙吾, 小野英樹

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-099

抄録

Mn-TRIP steels of which composition is mainly Fe–(0.5–3mass%)Al–(2–10mass%)Mn are expected to be new advanced high-strength sheet steels. During the solidification process of Fe–Al–Mn alloy, AlN inclusions precipitate at the grain boundary, which leads to the severe deterioration of hot ductility. However, the precipitation behavior of AlN inclusion is not known enough. In this work, a unidirectional solidification experiment of Fe–(0.5–2.0)mass%Al–2.0mass%Mn alloys and numerical analysis on the forming condition of AlN were carried out, and the precipitation behavior of AlN inclusions was studied. Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed in the alloy with 0.5 mass%Al. On the other hand, AlN inclusions were observed in alloys with 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mass%Al. The volume fraction of AlN inclusions increased with increasing Al content of the alloy. The thermodynamic analysis revealed that AlN is thermodynamically unstable at temperatures above the liquidus of the alloy. When Al content of molten steel is increased, AlN becomes thermodynamically stable. Accordingly, the forming amounts of AlN in the alloys during the solidification were analyzed considering the segregation. The results show that the precipitation of AlN inclusions increases significantly during solidification due to the enrichment of Al in the liquid phase. In the Fe–(1.0–2.0)mass%Al–2.0 mass%Mn alloy, Al₂O₃-AlN inclusions were also observed, where AlN is present around Al₂O₃. These inclusions are considered to be formed by the precipitation of AlN, which becomes stable as the Al concentration increases due to solidification segregation, on Al₂O₃, which is stable and precipitated in the early stage of solidification.

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凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl₂O₃上へのMnSの晶出挙動

鉄と鋼早期公開

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Fe–(0.5–2.0)%Al–2.0%Mn合金の一方向凝固におけるAlNの晶出挙動に及ぼすAl濃度の影響

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Solvation Shellモデルに基づく溶融合金中の酸素，窒素の活量係数およびその支配因子の評価

鈴木賢紀, 大見祐介, 中本将嗣, 吉川健

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-100

抄録

Activity coefficients of light elements in molten metals and alloys are important thermodynamic properties for refining and inclusion controls of metallic materials. Activity measurements of the activities of light elements in pure metals have been carried out by previous studies. Also activities in molten alloys have been previously investigated and summarized using interaction coefficients. However, it is still difficult to accurately explain the activities of light elements in molten alloys over a wide range of temperatures and concentrations. In this study, with the aim of unified understanding of the thermodynamic behavior and solubility of light elements in various molten alloys, we studied the activity coefficients of oxygen and nitrogen in molten alloys using solvation shell model, and examined the factors governing the activity coefficients of oxygen and nitrogen in molten alloys.

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一方向凝固材のミクロ偏析／組織における介在物分布の評価手法の開発

鉄と鋼早期公開

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Solvation Shellモデルに基づく溶融合金中の酸素，窒素の活量係数およびその支配因子の評価

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ラスマルテンサイト組織を有するFe-5%Mn-C合金のオースフォーミングに伴う転位密度の変化

高梨美咲, 日高僚太, 大久保亘太, 増村拓朗, 土山聡宏, 諸岡聡, 前田拓也, 中村修一, 植森龍治

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-092

抄録

The strengthening mechanism of ausforming in martensitic steels is believed to be due to the inheritance of dislocations in austenite by the subsequently transformed martensite. However, no studies to date have quantified the dislocation density before and after ausforming. In this study, the dislocation densities of Fe-5%Mn-C alloys were analyzed, and the relationship between hardening by ausforming and dislocation accumulation, as well as the effect of carbon on this relationship, were investigated. The hardness of ausformed martensite increased with the ausforming reduction in austenite, and the strengthening effect of ausforming increased with the addition of carbon. Similarly, the dislocation density of ausformed martensite increased with the ausforming reduction in austenite, and the dislocation accumulation by ausforming increased with the addition of carbon. Because the hardness of the ausformed martensite follows the Bailey–Hirsch relationship, the strengthening mechanism owing to ausforming could be explained by dislocation strengthening. To understand the dislocation accumulation process during ausforming, the dislocation density of austenite immediately after ausforming was measured by in-situ heating neutron diffraction. Consequently, the dislocation density of the ausformed austenite was not dependent on the carbon content, indicating that dislocations are not inherited in carbon-free steels. By contrast, in steels with sufficient carbon content, not only are dislocations inherited but additional dislocations are introduced during martensitic transformation.

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ラスマルテンサイト組織を有するFe-5%Mn-C合金のオースフォーミングに伴う転位密度の変化

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凝固過程のミクロ偏析による溶質濃度分布の定量的理解

川西咲子, 寺島慎吾, 塚原優希, 助永壮平, 江阪久雄, 柴田浩幸

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-098

抄録

Microsegregation of solute components during the solidification process causes solute pile-up in the liquid phase, which strongly affects the formation behavior of inclusions. However, there is no quantitative evaluation of solute concentration distribution during dendritic growth. In this study, we established an in-situ observation method for quantitative evaluation of solute concentration distribution using model materials with fluorescent reagents to clarify how the solute pile-up progresses due to microsegregation. In addition to evaluating the physical properties of the model materials necessary for this study, a quantitative evaluation of solute concentration distribution during dendritic growth was successfully achieved. Numerical analysis, taking into account the equilibrium partition of solute components and solute diffusion in each phase, reproduced the measured solute concentration distribution in the liquid phase. Thus, the solute concentration distribution was evaluated by the actual measurement and numerical analysis, and it was clarified that a relatively simple model can represent the progress of microsegregation.

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Development of a Low-carbon Sintering Process Technology and Its Application to a Pilot-scale Sintering Testing

ISIJ International Vol.64(2024), No.13

CO Reduction Process Technology and Development of Iron Ore Sintering Process

ISIJ International Vol.64(2024), No.12

In-situ Observation of Precipitation and Growth of MnS Inclusions during Solidification of a High Sulfur Steel

ISIJ International Vol.64(2024), No.14

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凝固過程のミクロ偏析による溶質濃度分布の定量的理解

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走査透過電子顕微鏡による多成分カルシウムフェライトにおける原子配列の直接観察

竹原健太, 池田幸平, 河野崇史, 樋口隆英

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-080

抄録

To reduce the reducing agent ratio and CO₂ emissions in blast furnace operation, it is important to control the material structure of sintered ore, which affects its metallurgical and mechanical properties. Multicomponent calcium ferrites (also called CF or SFCA (silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum)), which is a type of melting and solidification structure, has attracted considerable interest recently, and the chemical composition and crystal structure of each CF have been researched. Although the crystal structure of CF has conventionally been analyzed mainly by XRD, the atomic arrangement could not be observed directly. Therefore, in this study, CF was investigated at the atomic level by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). This research revealed that acicular CF, which was previously understood to be SFCA-I, has a SFCA (≠ SFCA-I)structure. It was also found that columnar CF had a non-periodic SFCA structure induced with a magnetite-like structure. Furthermore, a CF in which SFCA and SFCA-I were alternately stacked repeatedly was also discovered. This research clarified the fact that CF has a non-periodic structure at the atomic level.

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走査透過電子顕微鏡による多成分カルシウムフェライトにおける原子配列の直接観察

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アロイ800Hの凝固特性とTiC生成挙動

福元成雄, 境沢勇人, 金子農, 蛭濱修久

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-083

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It is known that the size distribution of inclusions in steels have a significant effect on material properties. The solidification characteristics and TiC formation behavior of alloy 800H were evaluated both by experiment and simulation in this work. The relationship between dendrite arm spacing and the cooling rate was estimated. TiC particles were observed at the interdendritic region. The size distribution of TiC particles was affected by solidification cooling rate. Solidification analysis using the MPF (Multi-Phase Field) method revealed that TiC formation begins at a solid fraction of 0.79, and solidification accelerates due to TiC formation. It was thought that TiC particles generated in the latter part of solidification aggregate and coalesce without engulfment by the solidified shell. The size distribution of TiC particles was also affected by heat treatment after solidification.

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アロイ800Hの凝固特性とTiC生成挙動

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大気中1240°CにおけるCaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃系の高Fe₂O₃濃度側相平衡関係に及ぼすアルミナの影響

高橋あまね, 内沢幸宏, 佐藤博一, 渡邊玄, 遠藤理恵, 須佐匡裕, 林幸

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-079

抄録

The effect of Al₂O₃ on the compositional region of silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) and the liquid phase and the phase equilibria, including SFCA, was investigated in a CaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃-5mass%Al₂O₃ system at 1240 ^°C in air. To obtain the desired composition, reagent-grade CaCO₃, SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, and Al₂O₃ powders were weighed, mixed, and equilibrated at 1240 ^°C in air. Each obtained sample was divided into two parts: one was pulverized into a powder and analyzed by XRD, and the other was subjected to microstructural observation and compositional analysis using EPMA. The results revealed that the compositional region of SFCA lies on the CF₃-CA₃-C₄S₃ plane and is C/S = 2.77–7.60 for 5 mass% Al₂O₃. Compared with the SFC composition region for 0 mass% Al₂O₃, the compositional range of SFCA extended in the CF₃-C₄S₃ direction, suggesting that the addition of Al₂O₃ contributes to the stability of SFCA. Furthermore, the liquid-phase region was divided into a ferrite melt with a high Fe₂O₃ concentration and a silicate melt with a high SiO₂ concentration, both of which shifted to the lower Fe₂O₃ side compared to the liquidus isotherm in the CaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃ system. Unlike CaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃, SFCA-I (SFC-I) was observed in the CaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃-5mass%Al₂O₃ system, thus indicating that the addition of Al₂O₃ contributes to the stability of SFCA-I.

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転炉予備処理プロセスにおける脱リンスラグの全量熱間リサイクル技術

鉄と鋼 Vol.110(2024), No.13

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大気中1240°CにおけるCaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃系の高Fe₂O₃濃度側相平衡関係に及ぼすアルミナの影響

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Brechet-Louchet モデルに基づいた劈開破壊および粒界破壊応力式

兵頭克敏, 野中洋亮, 伊藤一真, 滑川哲也

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-074

抄録

New fracture process model of cleavage fracture initiated from cementite crack was proposed. In addition, the equation of propagation of cementite crack into the ferrite grain was developed based on the Brechet-Louchet model. This equation can reproduce not only ferrite size dependence of cleavage fracture stress that the Petch model can reproduce but both of test temperature dependence and strain rate dependence of fracture stress. Furthermore, in exchanging surface energy for grain boundary cohesive energy in the equation, grain boundary fracture stress can be also estimated.

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Brechet-Louchet モデルに基づいた劈開破壊および粒界破壊応力式

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積層造形したスーパーインバー合金の相安定性と熱膨張特性

Senlin CAI, 永島涼太, Yaw Wang CHAI, 坂口直輝, 中田伸生

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-066

抄録

Super invar alloy, Fe–32%Ni–5%Co, is widely utilized in precision instruments due to its remarkably low thermal expansion coefficient. Additive manufacturing holds promise for fabricating complex-shaped components with this alloy. This study investigated the phase stability and thermal expansion properties of super invar alloy fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (AM sample), comparing them to those of conventionally cast material (Re-melt sample). Microstructural analysis indicates that the AM sample has a more stable austenitic structure, attributed to minimal micro-segregation. Furthermore, it was observed that the thermal expansion coefficient decreases consistently with higher cooling rates within the temperature range of 400-300 K. As a result, AM sample exhibits lower expansion coefficient and it maintains at lower temperatures.

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積層造形したスーパーインバー合金の相安定性と熱膨張特性

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B添加鋼の溶融Znめっき性に及ぼすBN表面析出の影響

田原大輔, 星野克弥, 平章一郎

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-052

抄録

Boron (B) is frequently used as additives to improve the hardenability of advanced high strength steel. It has been reported that B in steel reacts with atmospheric N₂ during annealing at low oxygen potential (low dew point) to form boron nitride (BN) by the thermodynamical calculation. In this study, the effect of BN formation on the steel surface on the coatability during hot-dip galvanizing was investigated, experimentally. B-free specimens and specimens containing 15 or 30 ppm B were annealed at various temperature and dew point, and then hot-dip galvanized. The annealed specimens were also prepared and analyzed with GD-OES, XPS, SEM-EDX and TEM-EELS to investigate the oxide and nitride formation on the steel surface during annealing. As results, coatability deteriorated as the amount of B in steel and the annealing temperature increase, and as the dew point decrease. These trends were not correlated with the amount of oxide but the amount of BN formation, suggesting that BN formation deteriorated the coatability. The surface and cross-sectional analysis revealed that BN formed around the oxide to cover the steel surface. This would lead the deterioration of the coatability because most of the steel surface was covered with BN as well as oxide, which are known to have low wettability with molten Zn.

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Surface Oxide Formation during Rapid Heating of Zn-coated Press Hardening Steel

ISIJ International Vol.54(2014), No.10

Formation of Surface and Subsurface Oxides during Ferritic, Intercritical and Austenitic Annealing of CMnSi TRIP Steel

ISIJ International Vol.48(2008), No.12

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B添加鋼の溶融Znめっき性に及ぼすBN表面析出の影響

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焼結層上層における炭素燃焼効率向上を介した再点火法の焼結歩留改善

松村勝, 小杉亮太, 山本雄一郎, 長田淳治, 樋口謙一

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-031

抄録

Conventionally, it has been known that the product yield of the upper part of the sintering layer is extremely low, because of the heat loss caused by transferring heat toward the space above sintering layer, and of the large amount of unburned carbon in upper sintering layer.

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焼結層上層における炭素燃焼効率向上を介した再点火法の焼結歩留改善

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自動車衝突時の破断抑制および吸収エネルギー向上のための高張力鋼板の必要特性および組織因子

小峯慎介, 中垣内達也, 金子真次郎, 田路勇樹, 堺谷智宏, 佐藤健太郎

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-035

抄録

A fundamental study on the axial crush performances of HSS (High Strength Steel) was carried out to clarify the effects of microstructure and mechanical properties on crashworthiness. Axial crush tests were performed to evaluate the crush performances of the HSS with different microstructures and mechanical properties and identify the fracture origins. The cracks in the press formed area were observed and the cracks led to the fractures. The high λ (Hole expansion ratio) steel showed excellent crush performances by crack suppression. Crash deformation in the press formed area was simulated by the ORB (Orthogonally Reverse Bending) fracture tests and the crack suppression factors were investigated. Through the ORB fracture test, it was clarified that the reduction of the hardness gaps between phases and the refinement of the hard phases (Fresh martensite) were effective for suppressing cracks in the press formed area. These microstructures were occurred by the Q&P (Quenching & Partitioning) process for increasing λ. Therefore, it was found that the microstructural design for increasing λ also contributed to excellent crush performances.

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焼戻しマルテンサイト鋼における水素脆化き裂発生・進展挙動の水素量依存性

鉄と鋼 Vol.110(2024), No.9

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自動車衝突時の破断抑制および吸収エネルギー向上のための高張力鋼板の必要特性および組織因子

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新たな複合分析技術を用いたFe-36mass%Ni合金の二次介在物生成メカニズムの解明

深谷宏, Jonah Gamutan, 久保真, 矢野慎太郎, 鈴木茂, 三木貴博

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-018

抄録

Controlling the size, number, and composition of secondary inclusions is vital in the production of high-quality steels. In this study, experimental and computational investigation of the relationship between secondary inclusion formation in Fe-36mass%Ni alloy and cooling rate was carried out. Assuming the case of large ingots, solidification experiments using various cooling rates (0.17 to 128 K/min) were employed and the size, number, composition, and distribution of inclusions were analyzed by SEM-EDS automatic inclusion analysis. Like previous studies, inclusion number density increased with increasing cooling rate, while inclusion size decreased with increase of cooling rate. On the contrary, oxide inclusion area fraction was found to have little relationship with the cooling rate and was instead found related with oxygen content of the sample. As a new attempt to investigate the relationship between microsegregation and secondary inclusion formation, a combination of SEM-EDS analysis and EPMA mapping analysis was carried out. By superimposing information of microsegregation and inclusions, it was found that high-Al₂O₃ inclusions formed during the early stage of solidification, whereas low-Al₂O₃ inclusions formed during the later stage of solidification. These findings suggest that Al₂O₃ inclusions formed in the early stage of solidification reacted with the remaining Si-enriched liquid steel and changed into low-Al₂O₃ inclusions. Experimental results were also confirmed by thermodynamic calculations. Present work made it possible to understand deeper the relationship between microsegregation and secondary inclusion formation.

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新たな複合分析技術を用いたFe-36mass%Ni合金の二次介在物生成メカニズムの解明

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論文アクセスランキング

21 Jan. (Last 30 Days)

Wettability of CaS against molten iron at 1873 K

ISIJ International 早期公開
Coating Structure and Corrosion Mechanism of Zn-19%Al-6%Mg Alloy Coating Layer

ISIJ International 早期公開
Preface to the Special Issue on “New Developments in High Temperature Processing of Steels and Related Materials Leading the Sustainable Society, and Key Properties of High Temperature Melts”

ISIJ International Vol.64(2024), No.15
Settling of Particle in Foaming Slag

ISIJ International Vol.64(2024), No.15
Solvation Shellモデルに基づく溶融合金中の酸素，窒素の活量係数およびその支配因子の評価

鉄と鋼早期公開
Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure, Phases, and Properties of Al-Si Coated Hot-Press-Forming Steel Sheets

MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS Vol.66(2025), No.1
Integrated Experimental Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamic Modelling Investigation of the FeO–Fe₂O₃–MgO and the FeO–Fe₂O₃–MgO–SiO₂ Systems. Part I: Experimental Results in Air

ISIJ International Vol.64(2024), No.15
Phase Equilibria of the Iron-rich Corner of the CaO–Fe₂O₃–Al₂O₃ System at 1240°C in Air

ISIJ International Vol.64(2024), No.15
Reduction and Carburization Behaviors of Iron Oxide Composite with Iron Carbide and Free Carbon

ISIJ International Vol.64(2024), No.15
Terminal Settling Velocity of Particle in Suspension

ISIJ International Vol.64(2024), No.15

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鉄と鋼 早期公開

キーワードランキング

spring steel

abstract

journal title

author

article title

6.5 silicon steel

daisuke kasai

effect of the substrate properties on the surface quality of galvannealed steel sheets

hydrogen reduction of iron ore

article title;echo $((725 + 2130))&echo $((725 + 2130))|echo $((725 + 2130))article title

鉄と鋼 早期公開

完全開放空気環境型超高速大気圧プラズマジェット窒化処理法の開発

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焼結生産性向上のための蒸気予熱造粒技術

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ブリッジングに起因する凝固収縮流によって生成するマクロ偏析に及ぼす凝固組織形態の影響

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一方向凝固Fe–18Mn–1Al–0.3C鋼中のMnS介在物の晶出挙動

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高強度薄鋼板のレーザ溶接部の低温割れに及ぼす鋼板の機械的特性と炭素量の影響

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SCM440鋼のギガサイクル疲労特性に及ぼすS量の影響

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連続陰極水素チャージSSRT試験における低合金鋼の破壊挙動

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溶融亜鉛めっき鋼材のdwell疲労におけるき裂の生成過程

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溶融亜鉛めっき鋼の高力ボルト摩擦接合部すべり機構の微細組織解析

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Ti炭窒化物を異質核としたFe–22mass%Mn–0.7mass%C–0.3mass%Ti合金における準安定フェライトの等軸晶凝固

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球引き上げおよびダムブレイク実験による高気体体積率フォームの粘度測定

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Fe/溶融Zn–Al界面におけるFe2Al5相の安定性のフェーズフィールドシミュレーション

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一方向凝固材の横断面組織での一次元固相率推定の試み

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リチウムイオン電池電解液におけるNiめっき鋼板の耐食性

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鉄添加によるコークス炉排水処理の硝化改善

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亜鉛合金の界面異方性が凝固形態に及ぼす影響評価とその推定に向けたデータ同化構築

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モデル材料を用いた凝固過程における介在物生成挙動のその場観察

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高Si急速焼戻し鋼の水素脆化によるき裂の発生と進展機構

SNSによる共有

Fe-15Mn-10Cr-8Ni-4Si制振ダンパー合金の摩擦攪拌接合

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有機酸錯体中の鉄（II）イオンの酸化状態の安定性

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高P過包晶鋼凝固時の偏析形成とリン化鉄の晶析出

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ASME P91鋼のクリープ挙動に及ぼす応力変動の影響

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Si, Mn添加冷延鋼板の表面酸化挙動とりん酸亜鉛処理性に及ぼす鋼中Bの影響

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すべりを伴う転動疲労におけるSCM440H窒化材の化合物層中ポア形状の変化と耐ピッチング強度への影響

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固相窒素吸収法により窒素を導入した9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb鋼のクリープ中の組織変化 ―機械学習によるSTEM-EDSマップの多次元散布図解析―

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溶融Zn-55%Al合金めっき鋼板の固液界面反応に及ぼすSi添加の役割

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460℃におけるFe–Mn合金/溶融純Zn界面でのFe–Zn金属間化合物層の形成挙動

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凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl2O3上へのMnSの晶出挙動

SNSによる共有

一方向凝固材のミクロ偏析／組織における介在物分布の評価手法の開発

SNSによる共有

Fe–(0.5–2.0)%Al–2.0%Mn合金の一方向凝固におけるAlNの晶出挙動に及ぼすAl濃度の影響

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Solvation Shellモデルに基づく溶融合金中の酸素，窒素の活量係数およびその支配因子の評価

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ラスマルテンサイト組織を有するFe-5%Mn-C合金のオースフォーミングに伴う転位密度の変化

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凝固過程のミクロ偏析による溶質濃度分布の定量的理解

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鉄と鋼早期公開

鉄と鋼早期公開

Fe/溶融Zn–Al界面におけるFe₂Al₅相の安定性のフェーズフィールドシミュレーション

凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl₂O₃上へのMnSの晶出挙動

大気中1240°CにおけるCaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃系の高Fe₂O₃濃度側相平衡関係に及ぼすアルミナの影響

Integrated Experimental Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamic Modelling Investigation of the FeO–Fe₂O₃–MgO and the FeO–Fe₂O₃–MgO–SiO₂ Systems. Part I: Experimental Results in Air

Phase Equilibria of the Iron-rich Corner of the CaO–Fe₂O₃–Al₂O₃ System at 1240°C in Air