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オンライン版ISSN: 1883-2954
冊子版ISSN: 0021-1575
発行機関: The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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  1. Vol. 110 (2024)

    1. No.15
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    3. No.13
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  2. Vol. 109 (2023)

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  3. Vol. 108 (2022)

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  4. Vol. 107 (2021)

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  5. Vol. 106 (2020)

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  6. Vol. 105 (2019)

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  7. Vol. 104 (2018)

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  8. Vol. 103 (2017)

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  9. Vol. 102 (2016)

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  10. Vol. 101 (2015)

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  11. Vol. 100 (2014)

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  12. Vol. 99 (2013)

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  13. Vol. 98 (2012)

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  14. Vol. 97 (2011)

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  15. Vol. 96 (2010)

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  16. Vol. 95 (2009)

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  17. Vol. 94 (2008)

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  18. Vol. 93 (2007)

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  19. Vol. 92 (2006)

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  20. Vol. 91 (2005)

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  21. Vol. 90 (2004)

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  22. Vol. 89 (2003)

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  23. Vol. 88 (2002)

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  24. Vol. 87 (2001)

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  25. Vol. 86 (2000)

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  26. Vol. 85 (1999)

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  27. Vol. 84 (1998)

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  28. Vol. 83 (1997)

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  29. Vol. 82 (1996)

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  30. Vol. 81 (1995)

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  31. Vol. 80 (1994)

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  32. Vol. 79 (1993)

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  33. Vol. 78 (1992)

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  34. Vol. 77 (1991)

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  35. Vol. 76 (1990)

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  36. Vol. 75 (1989)

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  37. Vol. 74 (1988)

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  38. Vol. 73 (1987)

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  39. Vol. 72 (1986)

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  40. Vol. 71 (1985)

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  41. Vol. 70 (1984)

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  42. Vol. 69 (1983)

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  43. Vol. 68 (1982)

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  44. Vol. 67 (1981)

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  45. Vol. 66 (1980)

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  46. Vol. 65 (1979)

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  47. Vol. 64 (1978)

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  48. Vol. 63 (1977)

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  49. Vol. 62 (1976)

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  50. Vol. 61 (1975)

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  51. Vol. 60 (1974)

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  52. Vol. 59 (1973)

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  53. Vol. 58 (1972)

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  54. Vol. 57 (1971)

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  55. Vol. 56 (1970)

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  56. Vol. 55 (1969)

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  57. Vol. 54 (1968)

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  58. Vol. 53 (1967)

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  59. Vol. 52 (1966)

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  60. Vol. 51 (1965)

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  61. Vol. 50 (1964)

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  62. Vol. 49 (1963)

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  63. Vol. 48 (1962)

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  64. Vol. 47 (1961)

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  65. Vol. 46 (1960)

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  66. Vol. 45 (1959)

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  67. Vol. 44 (1958)

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  68. Vol. 43 (1957)

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  69. Vol. 42 (1956)

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  70. Vol. 41 (1955)

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    3. No.10
    4. No.9
    5. No.8
    6. No.7
    7. No.6
    8. No.5
    9. No.4
    10. No.3
    11. No.2
    12. No.1

キーワードランキング

21 Nov. (Last 30 Days)

鉄と鋼 早期公開

溶融Zn-55%Al合金めっき鋼板の固液界面反応に及ぼすSi添加の役割

大見 泰央, Dasom KIM, 髙田 尚記, 鈴木 飛鳥, 小橋 眞, 米田 鈴枝

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-097

抄録

This study was set to fundamentally understand the effect of Si addition on the interfacial reaction between Zn-55%Al alloy liquid (corresponding to a nominal composition of Al-25Zn (at%)) and Fe solid in the production process of GALVALUME steel sheets. The pure Fe sheets were hot-dipped in Al-25Zn and Al-25Zn-2Si (at%) alloy melts at 600, 650, and 700oC for 2~3600 s. Significantly thick coatings were formed on Fe sheets hot-dipped in the Al-25Zn binary alloy melt for a longer time than 10 s. The coating thickness became several millimeters after 30 s, resulting in a delamination of the coating. The significant Fe dissolution occurred in the Al-Zn binary alloy melt, accompanied by a significant growth of η phase (Fe2Al5) toward the solid Fe. The growth could be promoted by the Zn-rich liquid phase with a lower melting temperature. However, in the case of hot-dipping in the Al-25Zn-2Si ternary alloy melt, uniform coatings were formed on the hot-dipped Fe sheets due to the suppressed interfacial reactions. The Fe dissolution slightly occurred, and a continuous layer of Si-rich T5 (Fe2Al7.4Si) phase was formed at the interface of solid Fe with the Al-25Zn-2Si alloy melt. The continuous T5 phase layer would play a role in a diffusion barrier at the interface of solid Fe with liquid Al-Zn alloy, resulting in the suppressed interfacial reaction. These interfacial reaction processes are discussed based on thermodynamic calculations of the Fe-Al-Zn ternary and Fe-Al-Zn-Si quaternary systems.

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溶融Zn-55%Al合金めっき鋼板の固液界面反応に及ぼすSi添加の役割

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460℃におけるFe–Mn合金/溶融純Zn界面でのFe–Zn金属間化合物層の形成挙動

米田 鈴枝, 高田 尚記

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-116

抄録

The effect of Mn on the alloying reaction during hot-dip galvanization was investigated. The microstructure of the Fe–Zn intermetallic layers consisted of ζ, δ, and Γ phases for both pure Fe and Fe–2Mn (wt.%) alloy. The intermetallic layers grew thicker with increasing dipping time, and the growth rate of each layer was similar for both substrates. In the case of Fe–2Mn, the formation of the δ1p phase was observed after dipping for 2 s. However, δ1p formation was delayed for pure Fe, indicating that Mn may promote nucleation of the δ1p phase. It is known that the δ1p phase nucleates in the Fe-saturated ζ phase. The Fe content at the ζ/δ1p interface was found to be lower for the Fe–2Mn alloy by electron probe microanalysis, suggesting that the supersaturation of Fe for the nucleation of δ1p is decreased by Mn addition and Mn may stabilize the δ1p phase. Once δ1p became a continuous layer, the growth rates of the δ1p layer on pure Fe and Fe–2Mn were similar. Mn could affect only the nucleation of δ1p during the initial stage of the alloying reaction.

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460℃におけるFe–Mn合金/溶融純Zn界面でのFe–Zn金属間化合物層の形成挙動

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凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl2O3上へのMnSの晶出挙動

武田 暁斗, 黒川 拓真, 加藤 謙吾, 小野 英樹

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-096

抄録

Forming conditions and compositional changes of primary inclusions in molten steel have been studied due to the demand for high cleanliness of steels. MnS, a common inclusion in steel, does not form in molten steel, although it is observed in steel with oxide inclusions such as MnO, Al2O3 and SiO2. On the other hand, Mn and S are enriched in molten steel due to the segregation phenomenon during the solidification process which suggests that MnS form in molten steel during solidification. However, the precipitation behavior of MnS inclusions in molten steel due to the enrichment of Mn and S and the interaction between the primary inclusion and the molten steel is still unclear. In this work, a new experimental technique was developed and the precipitation behavior of MnS from molten steel onto solid Al2O3 was studied. Solid MnS precipitates were observed on the Al2O3 rod immersed in the sample with adding Al whereas precipitates containing MnO, A2O3 and MnS were observed on the Al2O3 rod in the sample without adding Al. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that Mn enriched in molten steel is oxidized to form MnAl2O4 when Al content is low and the MnAl2O4 reacts with S in molten iron to form molten MnO-Al2O3-MnS. MnS can precipitate from the molten MnO-Al2O3-MnS. On the other hand, Mn enriched in molten steel does not react with Al2O3 when Al content is high. Therefore, MnS can precipitate at the final period of solidification where Mn and S are significantly enriched in molten steel.

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凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl2O3上へのMnSの晶出挙動

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一方向凝固材のミクロ偏析／組織における介在物分布の評価手法の開発

高橋 昴, Anna Sciazko, 中本 将嗣, 鈴木 賢紀, 江阪 久雄, 鹿園 直毅, 吉川 健

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-101

抄録

The formation of inclusions during solidification in steelmaking process is a critical issue for the optimal processing and the quality of steel products. Therefore, it is required to clarify the mechanism on the inclusion formation for its adequate control. In the present work, the evaluation method of inclusion distribution via the combination of inclusion positions analysis and image analysis of dendrite structure with machine learning is proposed. Image analysis using a conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial network enabled the detection of domain boundaries and the directions of secondary dendrite arms in the cross-sectional structure of unidirectionally solidified specimens. In addition, by combining this with the analysis of inclusion position, a correlation was confirmed between micro segregation behavior and the formation behavior of TiN inclusions.

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一方向凝固材のミクロ偏析／組織における介在物分布の評価手法の開発

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Fe–(0.5–2.0)%Al–2.0%Mn合金の一方向凝固におけるAlNの晶出挙動に及ぼすAl濃度の影響

今井 健太, 加藤 謙吾, 小野 英樹

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-099

抄録

Mn-TRIP steels of which composition is mainly Fe–(0.5–3mass%)Al–(2–10mass%)Mn are expected to be new advanced high-strength sheet steels. During the solidification process of Fe–Al–Mn alloy, AlN inclusions precipitate at the grain boundary, which leads to the severe deterioration of hot ductility. However, the precipitation behavior of AlN inclusion is not known enough. In this work, a unidirectional solidification experiment of Fe–(0.5–2.0)mass%Al–2.0mass%Mn alloys and numerical analysis on the forming condition of AlN were carried out, and the precipitation behavior of AlN inclusions was studied. Al2O3 inclusions were observed in the alloy with 0.5 mass%Al. On the other hand, AlN inclusions were observed in alloys with 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mass%Al. The volume fraction of AlN inclusions increased with increasing Al content of the alloy. The thermodynamic analysis revealed that AlN is thermodynamically unstable at temperatures above the liquidus of the alloy. When Al content of molten steel is increased, AlN becomes thermodynamically stable. Accordingly, the forming amounts of AlN in the alloys during the solidification were analyzed considering the segregation. The results show that the precipitation of AlN inclusions increases significantly during solidification due to the enrichment of Al in the liquid phase. In the Fe–(1.0–2.0)mass%Al–2.0 mass%Mn alloy, Al2O3-AlN inclusions were also observed, where AlN is present around Al2O3. These inclusions are considered to be formed by the precipitation of AlN, which becomes stable as the Al concentration increases due to solidification segregation, on Al2O3, which is stable and precipitated in the early stage of solidification.

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Fe–(0.5–2.0)%Al–2.0%Mn合金の一方向凝固におけるAlNの晶出挙動に及ぼすAl濃度の影響

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Solvation Shellモデルに基づく溶融合金中の酸素，窒素の活量係数およびその支配因子の評価

鈴木 賢紀, 大見 祐介, 中本 将嗣, 吉川 健

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-100

抄録

Activity coefficients of light elements in molten metals and alloys are important thermodynamic properties for refining and inclusion controls of metallic materials. Activity measurements of the activities of light elements in pure metals have been carried out by previous studies. Also activities in molten alloys have been previously investigated and summarized using interaction coefficients. However, it is still difficult to accurately explain the activities of light elements in molten alloys over a wide range of temperatures and concentrations. In this study, with the aim of unified understanding of the thermodynamic behavior and solubility of light elements in various molten alloys, we studied the activity coefficients of oxygen and nitrogen in molten alloys using solvation shell model, and examined the factors governing the activity coefficients of oxygen and nitrogen in molten alloys.

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Solvation Shellモデルに基づく溶融合金中の酸素，窒素の活量係数およびその支配因子の評価

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反射電子像を用いたベイナイト鋼中のマルテンサイトの選択可視化と機械学習を活用した相分率評価

井本 浩史, 佐藤 馨, 小形 健二

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-103

抄録

Multi-phase steels are often used to realize a combination of high strength and toughness and/or ductility. To optimize their mechanical properties, it is vital to accurately evaluate the grain size, hard phase size and distribution, and dislocation density. In this paper, we studied a new method for evaluating the morphology and phase fraction of the hard phase, i.e., the martensite-austenite constituent (M-A), which is an important component that governs the mechanical properties of high strength steels. Using a scanning electron microscope, martensite can be selectively visualized with a bright contrast by collecting high-angle backscattered electrons. This method identifies only martensite in isolation from other phases, whereas both martensite and austenite are highlighted with the conventional two-step etching method. In addition, machine learning image analysis allows accurate extraction of martensite even in the presence of inhomogeneous backscattered electron image contrast in the matrix. This method provides an accurate and simple evaluation of the morphology of martensite in multi-phase steels over a large area.

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反射電子像を用いたベイナイト鋼中のマルテンサイトの選択可視化と機械学習を活用した相分率評価

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ラスマルテンサイト組織を有するFe-5%Mn-C合金のオースフォーミングに伴う転位密度の変化

高梨 美咲, 日高 僚太, 大久保 亘太, 増村 拓朗, 土山 聡宏, 諸岡 聡, 前田 拓也, 中村 修一, 植森 龍治

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-092

抄録

The strengthening mechanism of ausforming in martensitic steels is believed to be due to the inheritance of dislocations in austenite by the subsequently transformed martensite. However, no studies to date have quantified the dislocation density before and after ausforming. In this study, the dislocation densities of Fe-5%Mn-C alloys were analyzed, and the relationship between hardening by ausforming and dislocation accumulation, as well as the effect of carbon on this relationship, were investigated. The hardness of ausformed martensite increased with the ausforming reduction in austenite, and the strengthening effect of ausforming increased with the addition of carbon. Similarly, the dislocation density of ausformed martensite increased with the ausforming reduction in austenite, and the dislocation accumulation by ausforming increased with the addition of carbon. Because the hardness of the ausformed martensite follows the Bailey–Hirsch relationship, the strengthening mechanism owing to ausforming could be explained by dislocation strengthening. To understand the dislocation accumulation process during ausforming, the dislocation density of austenite immediately after ausforming was measured by in-situ heating neutron diffraction. Consequently, the dislocation density of the ausformed austenite was not dependent on the carbon content, indicating that dislocations are not inherited in carbon-free steels. By contrast, in steels with sufficient carbon content, not only are dislocations inherited but additional dislocations are introduced during martensitic transformation.

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ラスマルテンサイト組織を有するFe-5%Mn-C合金のオースフォーミングに伴う転位密度の変化

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残留オーステナイトを含む低炭素マルテンサイト鋼板における降伏挙動

戸畑 潤也, 南 秀和, 田路 勇樹, 金子 真次郎

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-107

抄録

Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) steel sheets, which utilize the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect of retained austenite to improve the elongation of high strength steel sheets, are expected to become an important material for next-generation automotive structural parts. Although it has been reported that the yield strength (YS) of the Q&P steels consisting of tempered martensitic microstructure with retained austenite (hereafter ”Q&P steels” in this study) is affected by retained austenite, the mechanism has not yet been discussed in detail. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of the carbon content in retained austenite on the yielding behavior of the Q&P steels. The chemical composition of the model steel used here was 0.18%C-1.5%Si-3.0%Mn (mass%). The steels were annealed at 1143 K, then cooled to 473 K, followed by holding at the temperatures between 523 K and 673 K for 600 s. The increased carbon content in retained austenite increased the YS of the Q&P steels. It was found that the yielding of the Q&P steels was caused by the stress-induced transformation of retained austenite when the critical stress for the stress-induced transformation was lower than the elastic limit of tempered martensitic matrix. This result revealed that the increased carbon content in retained austenite was able to achieve the higher elastic limit of martensitic steels containing retained austenite.

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残留オーステナイトを含む低炭素マルテンサイト鋼板における降伏挙動

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凝固過程のミクロ偏析による溶質濃度分布の定量的理解

川西 咲子, 寺島 慎吾, 塚原 優希, 助永 壮平, 江阪 久雄, 柴田 浩幸

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-098

抄録

Microsegregation of solute components during the solidification process causes solute pile-up in the liquid phase, which strongly affects the formation behavior of inclusions. However, there is no quantitative evaluation of solute concentration distribution during dendritic growth. In this study, we established an in-situ observation method for quantitative evaluation of solute concentration distribution using model materials with fluorescent reagents to clarify how the solute pile-up progresses due to microsegregation. In addition to evaluating the physical properties of the model materials necessary for this study, a quantitative evaluation of solute concentration distribution during dendritic growth was successfully achieved. Numerical analysis, taking into account the equilibrium partition of solute components and solute diffusion in each phase, reproduced the measured solute concentration distribution in the liquid phase. Thus, the solute concentration distribution was evaluated by the actual measurement and numerical analysis, and it was clarified that a relatively simple model can represent the progress of microsegregation.

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凝固過程のミクロ偏析による溶質濃度分布の定量的理解

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高圧水素環境におけるV添加析出強化型高Mnオーステナイト鋼のき裂進展加速機構

岩野 竜也, 佐治 篤, 三浦 滉大, 舘 幸生, 髙桑 脩

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-093

抄録

To verify the crack growth resistance of the V-added precipitation-strengthened high-Mn austenitic steel subject to a static and dynamic loading in a hydrogenated environment, the fracture toughness test and two types of fatigue crack growth (FCG) test, i.e., stress intensity factor range ΔK-increasing and ΔK-constant tests were performed under high-pressure gaseous hydrogen environment under the pressure of 95 MPa. The fracture toughness dramatically decreased from 95 to 35 MPa･m1/2 by hydrogen occlusion. The fracture surface consists of intergranular fracture aspects in gaseous hydrogen despite being covered by the dimples tested in air. The FCG acceleration was also pronounced: more acceleration emerged as the ΔK became higher. When changing the loading frequency f as 1, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 Hz under constant ΔK of 30MPa･m1/2, the relative FCG rate in gaseous hydrogen to that in air became higher as f decreased, i.e., the dependency of FCG acceleration on the crack opening time. However, the acceleration did not completely depend on the crack opening time, which means a part of FCG acceleration was dominated by crack tip plasticity under cyclic loading. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization, including the electron-channeling contrast (ECC) imaging and the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis, demonstrated that the crack preferentially propagates along grain boundary in the hydrogenated environment. The micro-void and/or micro-crack ahead of the primary FCG crack initiated at the M23C6 carbides precipitated at the grain boundary, which triggered the dramatic acceleration of FCG under 95 MPa gaseous hydrogen.

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高圧水素環境におけるV添加析出強化型高Mnオーステナイト鋼のき裂進展加速機構

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走査透過電子顕微鏡による多成分カルシウムフェライトにおける原子配列の直接観察

竹原 健太, 池田 幸平, 河野 崇史, 樋口 隆英

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-080

抄録

To reduce the reducing agent ratio and CO2 emissions in blast furnace operation, it is important to control the material structure of sintered ore, which affects its metallurgical and mechanical properties. Multicomponent calcium ferrites (also called CF or SFCA (silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum)), which is a type of melting and solidification structure, has attracted considerable interest recently, and the chemical composition and crystal structure of each CF have been researched. Although the crystal structure of CF has conventionally been analyzed mainly by XRD, the atomic arrangement could not be observed directly. Therefore, in this study, CF was investigated at the atomic level by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). This research revealed that acicular CF, which was previously understood to be SFCA-I, has a SFCA (≠ SFCA-I)structure. It was also found that columnar CF had a non-periodic SFCA structure induced with a magnetite-like structure. Furthermore, a CF in which SFCA and SFCA-I were alternately stacked repeatedly was also discovered. This research clarified the fact that CF has a non-periodic structure at the atomic level.

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走査透過電子顕微鏡による多成分カルシウムフェライトにおける原子配列の直接観察

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バニシング加工を用いた結晶粒微細化に及ぼす加工前組織の影響

天野 良則, 鈴木 崇久, 河野 佳織

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-086

抄録

The development of ultrafine grained microstructures under severe plastic deformation by burnishing process was investigated using spherical cementite-ferrite (SA) steel and pearlite (P) steel of AISI 52100. Microstructures were analyzed using FE-SEM, FE-TEM and EBSD observations. In the SA steel, equiaxed ultrafine ferrite grains were formed at the burnished surface where the equivalent strain was about 3.9. These ultrafine grains were formed by continuous dynamic recrystallization because they consisted of high angle grain boundaries. On the other hand, in the P steel, the initial lamellar structure was maintained even at the equivalent strain about 4.3, and ferrite grains with a large aspect ratio were formed. These ferrite grains were considered to be non-recrystallized grains because the KAM value within these grains was high. In addition, many dislocation contrasts in the same direction were observed within a ferrite grain by FE-TEM observation. These results suggested that active dislocation slip system in these ferrite grains is limited by lamellar structure. As the strain increased by repeated burnishing process, these ferrite grains of P steel became coarse and the KAM value within these grains decreased. In addition, several dislocation contrasts in multiple directions were observed within a ferrite grain. It can be concluded that the limitation of active dislocation slip system in these ferrite grains were relaxed, and dynamic recovery was occurred in these ferrite grains.

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バニシング加工を用いた結晶粒微細化に及ぼす加工前組織の影響

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焼入-分配（Q&P）処理した低炭素鋼の微細組織と引張特性に及ぼすSi量の影響

Chang Jae Yu, Chang-Hyo Seo, Young-Roc Im, Dong-Woo Suh

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-088

抄録

The microstructure and corresponding tensile properties were examined in quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processed low carbon steels, depending on the silicon content ranging from 0.1–2.0 wt.%. The silicon content and process temperature generated a highly interactive influence on the evolution of final microstructure, including the fraction of constituent phases and their characteristics such as solute carbon content in each phase. The yield strength was nearly unchanged or slightly decreased even with the silicon addition for a given Q&P condition. The change of yield strength showed a reasonable correlation with the loss of solute carbon in martensite or bainite caused by the carbide precipitation and the carbon partitioning into austenite, which depended on the silicon content. High partitioning temperature enhanced the yield strength for a given silicon content and quenching condition, because of the tempering effect on the martensite matrix. Although the fraction and stability of retained austenite were still critical for improving ductility, the intrinsic properties of the martensite matrix, such as the occurrence of tempered martensite embrittlement, governed the ductility of Q&P steels in situations where the role of retained austenite was limited due to low fraction or poor mechanical stability.

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焼入-分配（Q&P）処理した低炭素鋼の微細組織と引張特性に及ぼすSi量の影響

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高強度マルテンサイト鋼の水素脆化特性に及ぼす転位すべり安定度と炭化物析出形態の影響度の水素量依存性

齋藤 圭, 高井 健一

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-091

抄録

The contribution of dislocation-slip stability and carbide precipitation morphology to the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) property of tempered martensitic steels with low and high silicon contents (L-Si and H-Si) and oil-quenched martensitic steel (As-OQ), was evaluated by conducting slow strain rate tests. The order of dislocation-slip stability was the H-Si specimen > L-Si specimen > As-OQ specimen. The H-Si and As-OQ specimens had finely dispersed carbides inside prior austenite (γ) grains, whereas the L-Si specimen had coarsely dispersed carbides inside prior γ grains and on the boundaries. Notched specimens were charged with hydrogen in a range of low (0.19–0.31 ppm), medium (1.04–1.49 ppm), and high (2.17–2.33 ppm) hydrogen contents. The H-Si specimen had the highest HE property under the three hydrogen charging conditions. With the low and medium hydrogen charging conditions, the HE property of the L-Si specimen was higher than that of the As-OQ specimen, whereas their HE properties markedly declined to a similar level under the high hydrogen charging condition. The HE property of the L-Si specimen with increased dislocation-slip stability by applying stress relaxation was equivalent to that of the L-Si specimen under the high hydrogen charging condition. These results revealed that increasing dislocation-slip stability improved the HE property in the range of low to medium hydrogen charging. Under the high hydrogen charging condition, dislocation-slip stability did not contribute to improving the HE property, but it was found that the carbide precipitation morphology, particularly coarse carbides precipitated on prior γ grain boundaries, influenced the HE property.

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高強度マルテンサイト鋼の水素脆化特性に及ぼす転位すべり安定度と炭化物析出形態の影響度の水素量依存性

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アロイ800Hの凝固特性とTiC生成挙動

福元 成雄, 境沢 勇人, 金子 農, 蛭濱 修久

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-083

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It is known that the size distribution of inclusions in steels have a significant effect on material properties. The solidification characteristics and TiC formation behavior of alloy 800H were evaluated both by experiment and simulation in this work. The relationship between dendrite arm spacing and the cooling rate was estimated. TiC particles were observed at the interdendritic region. The size distribution of TiC particles was affected by solidification cooling rate. Solidification analysis using the MPF (Multi-Phase Field) method revealed that TiC formation begins at a solid fraction of 0.79, and solidification accelerates due to TiC formation. It was thought that TiC particles generated in the latter part of solidification aggregate and coalesce without engulfment by the solidified shell. The size distribution of TiC particles was also affected by heat treatment after solidification.

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アロイ800Hの凝固特性とTiC生成挙動

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大気中1240°CにおけるCaO-SiO2-Fe2O3系の高Fe2O3濃度側相平衡関係に及ぼすアルミナの影響

高橋 あまね, 内沢 幸宏, 佐藤 博一, 渡邊 玄, 遠藤 理恵, 須佐 匡裕, 林 幸

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-079

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The effect of Al2O3 on the compositional region of silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) and the liquid phase and the phase equilibria, including SFCA, was investigated in a CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-5mass%Al2O3 system at 1240 °C in air. To obtain the desired composition, reagent-grade CaCO3, SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3 powders were weighed, mixed, and equilibrated at 1240 °C in air. Each obtained sample was divided into two parts: one was pulverized into a powder and analyzed by XRD, and the other was subjected to microstructural observation and compositional analysis using EPMA. The results revealed that the compositional region of SFCA lies on the CF3-CA3-C4S3 plane and is C/S = 2.77–7.60 for 5 mass% Al2O3. Compared with the SFC composition region for 0 mass% Al2O3, the compositional range of SFCA extended in the CF3-C4S3 direction, suggesting that the addition of Al2O3 contributes to the stability of SFCA. Furthermore, the liquid-phase region was divided into a ferrite melt with a high Fe2O3 concentration and a silicate melt with a high SiO2 concentration, both of which shifted to the lower Fe2O3 side compared to the liquidus isotherm in the CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3 system. Unlike CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3, SFCA-I (SFC-I) was observed in the CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-5mass%Al2O3 system, thus indicating that the addition of Al2O3 contributes to the stability of SFCA-I.

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大気中1240°CにおけるCaO-SiO2-Fe2O3系の高Fe2O3濃度側相平衡関係に及ぼすアルミナの影響

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Brechet-Louchet モデルに基づいた劈開破壊および粒界破壊応力式

兵頭 克敏, 野中 洋亮, 伊藤 一真, 滑川 哲也

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-074

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New fracture process model of cleavage fracture initiated from cementite crack was proposed. In addition, the equation of propagation of cementite crack into the ferrite grain was developed based on the Brechet-Louchet model. This equation can reproduce not only ferrite size dependence of cleavage fracture stress that the Petch model can reproduce but both of test temperature dependence and strain rate dependence of fracture stress. Furthermore, in exchanging surface energy for grain boundary cohesive energy in the equation, grain boundary fracture stress can be also estimated.

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Brechet-Louchet モデルに基づいた劈開破壊および粒界破壊応力式

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積層造形したスーパーインバー合金の相安定性と熱膨張特性

Senlin CAI, 永島 涼太, Yaw Wang CHAI, 坂口 直輝, 中田 伸生

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10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-066

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Super invar alloy, Fe–32%Ni–5%Co, is widely utilized in precision instruments due to its remarkably low thermal expansion coefficient. Additive manufacturing holds promise for fabricating complex-shaped components with this alloy. This study investigated the phase stability and thermal expansion properties of super invar alloy fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (AM sample), comparing them to those of conventionally cast material (Re-melt sample). Microstructural analysis indicates that the AM sample has a more stable austenitic structure, attributed to minimal micro-segregation. Furthermore, it was observed that the thermal expansion coefficient decreases consistently with higher cooling rates within the temperature range of 400-300 K. As a result, AM sample exhibits lower expansion coefficient and it maintains at lower temperatures.

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積層造形したスーパーインバー合金の相安定性と熱膨張特性

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B添加鋼の溶融Znめっき性に及ぼすBN表面析出の影響

田原 大輔, 星野 克弥, 平 章一郎

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-052

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Boron (B) is frequently used as additives to improve the hardenability of advanced high strength steel. It has been reported that B in steel reacts with atmospheric N2 during annealing at low oxygen potential (low dew point) to form boron nitride (BN) by the thermodynamical calculation. In this study, the effect of BN formation on the steel surface on the coatability during hot-dip galvanizing was investigated, experimentally. B-free specimens and specimens containing 15 or 30 ppm B were annealed at various temperature and dew point, and then hot-dip galvanized. The annealed specimens were also prepared and analyzed with GD-OES, XPS, SEM-EDX and TEM-EELS to investigate the oxide and nitride formation on the steel surface during annealing. As results, coatability deteriorated as the amount of B in steel and the annealing temperature increase, and as the dew point decrease. These trends were not correlated with the amount of oxide but the amount of BN formation, suggesting that BN formation deteriorated the coatability. The surface and cross-sectional analysis revealed that BN formed around the oxide to cover the steel surface. This would lead the deterioration of the coatability because most of the steel surface was covered with BN as well as oxide, which are known to have low wettability with molten Zn.

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B添加鋼の溶融Znめっき性に及ぼすBN表面析出の影響

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焼結層上層における炭素燃焼効率向上を介した再点火法の焼結歩留改善

松村 勝, 小杉 亮太, 山本 雄一郎, 長田 淳治, 樋口 謙一

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10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-031

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Conventionally, it has been known that the product yield of the upper part of the sintering layer is extremely low, because of the heat loss caused by transferring heat toward the space above sintering layer, and of the large amount of unburned carbon in upper sintering layer.

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焼結層上層における炭素燃焼効率向上を介した再点火法の焼結歩留改善

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自動車衝突時の破断抑制および吸収エネルギー向上のための高張力鋼板の必要特性および組織因子

小峯 慎介, 中垣内 達也, 金子 真次郎, 田路 勇樹, 堺谷 智宏, 佐藤 健太郎

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-035

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A fundamental study on the axial crush performances of HSS (High Strength Steel) was carried out to clarify the effects of microstructure and mechanical properties on crashworthiness. Axial crush tests were performed to evaluate the crush performances of the HSS with different microstructures and mechanical properties and identify the fracture origins. The cracks in the press formed area were observed and the cracks led to the fractures. The high λ (Hole expansion ratio) steel showed excellent crush performances by crack suppression. Crash deformation in the press formed area was simulated by the ORB (Orthogonally Reverse Bending) fracture tests and the crack suppression factors were investigated. Through the ORB fracture test, it was clarified that the reduction of the hardness gaps between phases and the refinement of the hard phases (Fresh martensite) were effective for suppressing cracks in the press formed area. These microstructures were occurred by the Q&P (Quenching & Partitioning) process for increasing λ. Therefore, it was found that the microstructural design for increasing λ also contributed to excellent crush performances.

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自動車衝突時の破断抑制および吸収エネルギー向上のための高張力鋼板の必要特性および組織因子

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新たな複合分析技術を用いたFe-36mass%Ni合金の二次介在物生成メカニズムの解明

深谷 宏, Jonah Gamutan, 久保 真, 矢野 慎太郎, 鈴木 茂, 三木 貴博

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2024-018

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Controlling the size, number, and composition of secondary inclusions is vital in the production of high-quality steels. In this study, experimental and computational investigation of the relationship between secondary inclusion formation in Fe-36mass%Ni alloy and cooling rate was carried out. Assuming the case of large ingots, solidification experiments using various cooling rates (0.17 to 128 K/min) were employed and the size, number, composition, and distribution of inclusions were analyzed by SEM-EDS automatic inclusion analysis. Like previous studies, inclusion number density increased with increasing cooling rate, while inclusion size decreased with increase of cooling rate. On the contrary, oxide inclusion area fraction was found to have little relationship with the cooling rate and was instead found related with oxygen content of the sample. As a new attempt to investigate the relationship between microsegregation and secondary inclusion formation, a combination of SEM-EDS analysis and EPMA mapping analysis was carried out. By superimposing information of microsegregation and inclusions, it was found that high-Al2O3 inclusions formed during the early stage of solidification, whereas low-Al2O3 inclusions formed during the later stage of solidification. These findings suggest that Al2O3 inclusions formed in the early stage of solidification reacted with the remaining Si-enriched liquid steel and changed into low-Al2O3 inclusions. Experimental results were also confirmed by thermodynamic calculations. Present work made it possible to understand deeper the relationship between microsegregation and secondary inclusion formation.

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新たな複合分析技術を用いたFe-36mass%Ni合金の二次介在物生成メカニズムの解明

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