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鉄と鋼
Vol. 70 (1984), No. 2

鉄と鋼 Vol. 70 (1984), No. 2

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オンライン版ISSN:	1883-2954
冊子版ISSN:	0021-1575
発行機関:	The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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キーワードランキング

30 Dec. (Last 30 Days)

鉄と鋼 Vol. 70 (1984), No. 2

Latest Bonding Processes of Heat Resisting Alloys

Yoshikuni NAKAO

pp. 151-157

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Application of Modern Electron Microscopy to Ferrous Materials

Mitsuru TANINO

pp. 158-165

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ブルーム連鋳々片の断面扁平比の推移

森隆資

pp. 165-165

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Vibration-damping Materials

Takesada SASAKI, Hiroshi ENDO

pp. 166-170

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Recent Progress of Bonding Technology

Hiroji NAGATA

pp. 171-177

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Analysis of Permeability and Characteristic Suction Gas Volume in Sintering Process

Jyuzo SHIBATA, Masami WAJIMA, Hideaki SOUMA, Hirosi MATSUOKA

pp. 178-185

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Permeability experiments have been performed for each characteristic zones (moisture condensation, drying, reaction, melting and cake zone).
The analysis of reaction zone is satisfactorily made by combination of static experimental test and mathematical dynamic model in sintering process.
By this model including pressure drop equation of each zones, calculations are made simultaneously for the variation of heat transfer, moisture transfer, reactions of coke and limestone, melt of solid and suction gas volume rate.
It is concluded that the total gas volume is determined by the ratio of the specific heat of material to that of suction gas, independing on suction pressure or bed height.

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Phosphorus Distribution between MgO-saturated CaO-Fe_tO-SiO₂-P₂O₅-MnO Slags and Liquid Iron

Hideaki SUITO, Ryo INOUE

pp. 186-193

抄録

The phosphorus distribution ratios between CaO-MgO_sat.-Fe_tO-SiO₂-P₂O₅(≤3 wt%)-MnO (25 wt%) or CaO-MgO_sat.-Fe_tO-SiO₂-P₂O₅ (45 wt%) slags and liquid iron have been obtained in the temperature range from 1 550 to 1 650°C, The dephosphorization quotients can be expressed by the following three different equations.
i) log (P₂O₅)/([P]²(Fe_tO)⁵)=0.145[(%CaO)+0.3(%MgO)-0.5(%P₂O₅)+0.6(%MnO)]+22 810/T-20.506
ii) log (P₂O₅)/([P]²(Fe_tO)⁵)=7.87 log [(%CaO)+0.3 (%MgO)-0.05(%Fe_tO)-0.5(%P₂O₅)+0.6(%MnO)]+22 240/T-27.124
iii) log (P)/([P](T.Fe)^5/2)=0.0720[(%CaO)+0.3(%MgO)+0.6(%P₂O₅)+0.6(%MnO)]+11 570/T-10.520
The activity coefficient of P₂O₅ by TURKDOGAN and PEARSON'S treatment can be expressed as follows :
logγ_P₂O₅=-1.02(23N_CaO+17N_MgO+8N_{Fe_tO}-26N_P₂O₅+13N_MnO)-22 990/T+9.490
In the plot of logarithms of activity coefficient of Fe_tO against mole fraction of SiO₂, the values for log γ_{Fe_tO} tend to increase with increasing the P₂O₅ content.

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Effect of Electromagnetic Stirring at the Final Stage of Solidification of Continuously Cast Strand

Hideaki MIZUKAMI, Masami KOMATSU, Toru KITAGAWA, Kiminari KAWAKAMI

pp. 194-200

抄録

It is commonly observed that severe V-channel segregates are associated with the equiaxed zone in the central region of a strand. This type of segregation may deteriorate the product qualities especially for sour gas service. The modification of V-segregates is found to be attained by electromagnetic stirring at the final stage of solidification. The laboratory scale stirring experiments have been carried out in order to eliminate V-segregation and the following results have been obtained.
1) V-segregation streaks can be eliminated by linear or rotary type stirrer at the final stage of solidification.
2) The upward flow of molten steel at the solidification front which may prevent the inter-dendritic liquid flow toward the bottom is effective.
3) In the case of stirring by rotary type stirrer, adequate amount of fine equiaxed crystals is necessary. Alternating stirring at the final stage of solidification may prevent coagulation of equiaxed crystals and modify the packing of them.
4) It was found that only weak stirring is enough.
5) It is important to time the stirring to the progress of solidification. Optimum stirring period should be aimed at right after the precipitation of crystals, fraction of solid equals to 0.1 at the center of a strand.

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Measurements of Roller Forces in Straightening Zones of a Continuous Casting Machine of a Vertical Bending Type

Haruhiko OKUMURA, Kunihiko ONISHI

pp. 201-207

抄録

Roller forces were measured for the straightening zones (a vertical bending zone and an unbending zone) of a continuous casting machine of a vertical bending type, and the obtained data were analyzed. Further, some numerical calculations were carried out and the measured values of the roller forces were analyzed theoretically.
The following facts were elucidated :
(1) Very large roller forces appear when a slab head or a slab tail goes through the unbending zone.
(2) The roller forces are larger at the exit of the unbending zone than those at the entrance.
(3) The correlation between roller forces and slab width is not distinct and contrary to usual anticipation, the roller forces are not proportional to slab width.
(4) The characteristics of the straightening forces in the vertical bending zone are the same as those in the unbending zone.

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Stress Analysis of Cylindrical Refractory Structures under Restraint of Thermal Expansion

Akibumi FUJIWARA, Masayuki FUJINO

pp. 208-215

抄録

An approximate analytical equations were derived to calculate the stress state of cylindrical structure that is constructed by fire-bricks, stamp, joint-mortar and shell.
In the analysis gradual heating process was assumed, and non elastic behavior was neglected. The main objects are to get the compression field that is made by constraint of thermal expansion, and the tensile stress that is caused by partial compressive loading.
The analytical solution was compared with that by FEM. The former has little error. This error, however, has no objection to design or to evaluate real furnace.
Numerical calculation was done to clarify the effect on stress of design parameters of blast furnace hearth refractories, i.e. Young's modulus of fire-brick, that of stamp, length of fire-brick and thermal conductivity, etc..

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Stabilization of Tapping Hole Length by Controlling Blast Furnace Raceway Depth

ISIJ International Vol.45(2005), No.10

Recent Progress on Long Service Life Design of Chinese Blast Furnace Hearth

ISIJ International Vol.52(2012), No.10

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Metallurgical Aspects of Hot Rolling of Heavy Plates from Continuously-cast Slabs

Naoki OKUMURA, Michihiko NAGUMO, Tohru INOUE, Koichi YAMAMOTO

pp. 216-223

抄録

Significance of hot rolling to produce heavy plates from continuously-cast slabs with low carbon and low alloying elements is analyzed from metallurgical point of view, special attention being paid to the influence of solidification structure on the mechanical properties of plates. The major conclusions are as follows ; a) Brittle fracture characteristics (vTrs) is not affected by microsegregation existing in either columnar dendrites or equiaxed grains. b) The appropriate reduction ratio in terms of mechanical properties in the thru-thickness direction is approximately 1.5-3, depending on the rolling shape factor which is a function of slab thickness, radius of rolls, and reduction per pass. c) Some elements such as S, P, Mn, N, and C are detected by an Auger electron microscope on the surface of center porosities which can be annihilated by hot rolling. Based upon the results it is suggested that combination of fine initial austenite grain, large rolling shape factor, and low total reduction ratio is a sufficient condition to procure sound mechanical properties of heavy plates manufactured from continuously-cast slabs.

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Experimental Study of Piercing Characteristics and Wear of Plugs in Press Roll Piercer of Seamless Pipe

Akira OHNUKI, Yoshiki SHIBATA, Shori NODA, Koe NAKAJIMA

pp. 224-231

抄録

Plug life of PRP (Press Roll Piercer) process, in which a square bloom is directly pierced and rolled simultaneously, is strongly affected by its own shape. A plug with a sharp conical top thrusts through the solid material to get galled in the earlier stage by metal flow on its surface. On the other hand, a plug with dull top or a flat top has a longer life, since it is protected by dead metal induced in front.
As for plug material, conventional tool steel for hot metal forming is durable enough, only if surface scale layer is formed before use. The product quality is also influenced by plug shape. Especially dull one is advantageous.

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Transvers and Longitudinal Yield Strength of Hot-rolled Seamless Linepipe

鉄と鋼 Vol.74(1988), No.4

Direct Quenching Process in Seamless Tube Manufacturing

鉄と鋼 Vol.71(1985), No.8

New Seamless Pipe Rolling Technology for Higher Dimensional Accuracy

鉄と鋼 Vol.67(1981), No.15

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Experimental Determination of γ/(γ+α₂)/α₂ Phase Boundaries in a Ni-Cr-W-Mo Quaternary System

Makoto KIKUCHI, Masanori KAJIHARA, Yoshikuni KADOYA, Hideki USUKI, Ryohei TANAKA

pp. 232-237

抄録

To determine experimentally the solubility of a tungsten-rich bcc α₂ phase in a nickel-rich fcc γ phase in a Ni-Cr-W-Mo quaternary system, four Ni-Cr-W-Mo alloys with 0.03wt pct carbon, whose compositions were in a γ+α₂ phase field, were equilibrated at 1 000, 1 100, 1 200, and 1 300°C for 8 000, 4 500, 100, and 100h, respectively. Chemical compositions of the constituent phases were determined by means of electron microprobe analysis. Tie-lines between γ and α₂ phases and γ/(γ+α₂)/α₂ phase boundaries were constructed in four isothermal sections of the Ni-Cr-W-Mo quaternary equilibrium phase diagram. The solubility of α₂ in γ decreased with decreasing temperatures. Precipitation of carbides such as M₆C and M₁₂C at lower temperatures apparently lead to further decrease in the α₂ solubility.

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Transformation to Pearlite from Work-hardened Austenite

Minoru UMEMOTO, Hideyuki OHTSUKA, Imao TAMURA

pp. 238-245

抄録

The effects of austenite deformation conducted below the recrystallization temperature on the subsequent isothermal transformation to pearlite in an eutectoid steel (SKD 6, H11) were quantitatively studied. The plastic deformation in the austenite condition led to marked acceleration of austenite-pearlite transformation. This acceleration was found to be mostly caused by the increase in the nucleation rate but not by the increase in the growth rate.
The increase in the nucleation rate per unit volume of specimen was attributed (1) to the increase in the austenite grain area by the elongation of grains, (2) to the increase in the nucleation rate per se per unit area of grain surface, and (3) to the formation of additional nucleation sites such as annealing twin boundaries, deformation bands, etc. In this study, the nucleation rate on the grain boundary surface was estimated to be increased about 27 times larger by 30% rolling. The average pearlite fraction nucleated within the grains was found to be 25% of the total transformed fraction.

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Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties of Dual-phase Steel Produced by Intercritical Annealing of Lath Martensite

Naomi MATSUMURA, Masaharu TOKIZANE

pp. 246-253

抄録

Microstructure and tensile properties of a dual-phase (martensite + ferrite) Fe-2.3%Mn-0.05%C-0.03%Nb steel produced by intercritical annealing of martensitic specimens have been studied. In order to assess the effects of prior austenite grain size on microstructure and tensile properties of the dual-phase steel, the martensitic specimens with widely different prior austenite grain sizes were prepared by thermal cycling and thermomechanical processing. Coarse dual-phase structure consisting of fibrous martensite and ferrite was obtained by intercritical annealing of the specimens with coarse prior austenite grain size. A characteristic fine dual-phase structure consisting of homogeneously dispersed fine martensite particles and fine ferrite grains was obtained by the intercritical annealing of the specimens with ultra fine prior austenite grain size. The fine dual-phase structure was superior in both strength and ductility to the coarse dual-phase structure over a wide range of martensite volume fractions examined. It is concluded that better combination of strength and ductility of the dual-phase steel is achieved by intercritical annealing of the martensitic specimens with ultra fine prior austenite grain size which is obtained by the thermomechanical processing.

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Effect of Lowering Si on the Properties of 1Cr-1Mo-V Casting

Yoshitaka IWABUCHI, Tomoo TAKENOUCHI, Takehiro MIYAMOTO, Tetsuo FUJITA

pp. 254-261

抄録

Effect of lowering Si content on the porosity frequency, rupture strength and weldability of Cr-Mo-V large castings for turbine casing and valve was investigated, using large test specimens taken from valve castings having low and high Si content. The results are summarized as follows.
(1) Deoxidation of low Si cast steel is achieved completely by 0.1% Fe-Ti addition.
(2) Low Si casting has no inverse V segregation and small amounts of porosity as the results of fine dendrite structure.
(3) There is no difference, between low Si and conventional Si castings, in hardenability and strength at ambient temperature to 566°C.
(4) Creep rupture strength is improved by lowering Si content.
(5) Low Si casting possesses better weldability concerning cold cracking and reheat cracking than conventional Si casting.

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Influence of Yttrium Addition and Superficial Y₂O₃ Powder Application to Fe-26Cr-21Ni-1.8Si Alloy on Its High-temperature Oxidation Behavior

Takao KOBAYASHI, Takuo ITO, Mikio OBAYASHI

pp. 262-268

抄録

The isothermal and cyclic oxidation behavior of Fe-26%Cr-21%Ni-1.8%Si alloys with and without superficial Y₂O₃ powder application as well as similar alloys containing 0.02% and 0.34%Y was examined in air at 1100°C.
The oxide scales on the surface of yttrium-containing alloys consisted of (Cr, Fe)₂O₃, and had excellent adherence to the alloy substrate even in cyclic oxidation. No void formation was observed at the alloyoxide interface, and no silicon-rich inner layer was developed. Such effects of yttrium addition were recognized to be significant even in a fairly early stage of oxidation.
The superficially applied Y₂O₃ powder on the alloy improved the scale adherence, and provided the oxidation morphology similar to that of the yttrium-containing alloy. The effect of Y₂O₃ powder was also observed in preoxidized specimens.

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The Effect of Temper Embrittlement on Hydrogen Embrittlement of 2 1/4Cr-1Mo Steel

Tadaomi FUJII, Ryuichi HORITA, Kazuo NOMURA

pp. 269-276

抄録

The effect of temper embrittlement on hydrogen embrittlement was investigated on 2 1/4 Cr-1Mo steel for high-temperature and high-pressure vessels. The threshold stress intensity, K_IH, for hydrogen-stress cracking (HSC) was determined by immersing modified 1T-WOL specimens with and without stepcooling heat treatment into a H₂S-saturated 0.5% acetic acid solution.
The results obtained are summarized as follows :
(1) Temper embrittlement enhances the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of grain boundary.
(2) The K_IH value decreases with increase of fracture surface transition temperature, vTrs(°C), grain size, d(mm), and hydrogen content, C(ppm).
(3) The K_IH value has a good correlation with the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility factor, Φ, denoted by
Φ=0.05d^-1/5 (vTrs + 133) + 4 (log d² + C^1/3)
(4) On the basis of the relation between K_IH and Φ and some diagrams to determine the maximum residual hydrogen content in a pressure vessel wall, a safety estimation method for preventing HSC during hydrostatic test of pressure vessels after the service was proposed.

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Development of an Apparatus for Determination of Diffusible Hydrogen in Steel

Takashi OHTSUBO, Shunsuke GOTO, Minoru AMANO

pp. 277-284

抄録

A new apparatus for the determination of diffusible hydrogen in steel has been developed by using a gaschromatograph, thermal conductivity detector, and sequencer.
The characteristics of the apparatus are as follows :
1) The lower limit of detection is 10^-5ml (N.T.P.), that is 5 × 10^-4ppm for 2g specimen.
2) The minimum cycle time of measurement is 3min.
3) Fifteen samples can be measured in parallel when the measurement is carried out every one hour.
4) The measurement shown above is automatically carried out by a programed sequencer.
5) The coefficient of variance of results (approximately 4ml/100g) is about 1%.
The apparatus is useful not only for determination of diffusible hydrogen in weld metal but also for determination of diffusivity of hydrogen in iron, alloy-steel and thin foil of amorphous iron and for measurement of permeability of hydrogen through steel.
It was also revealed that for low hydrogen content specimens the glycerine volumetric method gave much lower results than those obtained by the present method.

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Measurements of Dispersed Bubbles within Molten Iron Contained in a Small Induction Furnace

Masahiro KAWAKAMI, Noboru TOMIMOTO, Yasunori KITAZAWA, Masaru OKUYAMA, Koin ITO

pp. 285-292

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珍答案と迷論文

宮川大海

pp. 290-290

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上谷年男, 菅原健, 原隆三, 田中千秋, 門馬義雄, 宮地博文, 安中嵩

pp. 293-294,292

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鉄と鋼 Vol. 70 (1984), No. 2

キーワードランキング

hydrogen reduction of iron ore

characterization of coal and biomass based on kinetic parameter distributions for pyrolysis

kinetics of decarburization of liquid iron with high concentration ofcarbon

mechanisms of liquefaction and pyrolysis reaction of biomass

hydrogen reduction

steel

daisuke kasai

deguchi

effect of firing temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of vo2 thin films deposited by chemical solution deposition

evaluation of wettability at interface between molten slag and liquid fe on recovery of metallic fe from lunar regolith

鉄と鋼 Vol. 70 (1984), No. 2

Latest Bonding Processes of Heat Resisting Alloys

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Application of Modern Electron Microscopy to Ferrous Materials

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ブルーム連鋳々片の断面扁平比の推移

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Vibration-damping Materials

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Recent Progress of Bonding Technology

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Analysis of Permeability and Characteristic Suction Gas Volume in Sintering Process

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Phosphorus Distribution between MgO-saturated CaO-FetO-SiO2-P2O5-MnO Slags and Liquid Iron

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Effect of Electromagnetic Stirring at the Final Stage of Solidification of Continuously Cast Strand

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Measurements of Roller Forces in Straightening Zones of a Continuous Casting Machine of a Vertical Bending Type

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Stress Analysis of Cylindrical Refractory Structures under Restraint of Thermal Expansion

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Metallurgical Aspects of Hot Rolling of Heavy Plates from Continuously-cast Slabs

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Experimental Study of Piercing Characteristics and Wear of Plugs in Press Roll Piercer of Seamless Pipe

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Experimental Determination of γ/(γ+α2)/α2 Phase Boundaries in a Ni-Cr-W-Mo Quaternary System

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Transformation to Pearlite from Work-hardened Austenite

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Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties of Dual-phase Steel Produced by Intercritical Annealing of Lath Martensite

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Effect of Lowering Si on the Properties of 1Cr-1Mo-V Casting

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Influence of Yttrium Addition and Superficial Y2O3 Powder Application to Fe-26Cr-21Ni-1.8Si Alloy on Its High-temperature Oxidation Behavior

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The Effect of Temper Embrittlement on Hydrogen Embrittlement of 2 1/4Cr-1Mo Steel

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Development of an Apparatus for Determination of Diffusible Hydrogen in Steel

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Measurements of Dispersed Bubbles within Molten Iron Contained in a Small Induction Furnace

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珍答案と迷論文

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Wettability of CaS against molten iron at 1873 K

凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl2O3上へのMnSの晶出挙動

Reduction and Melting Behaviors of Iron Oxide Composite with Carbon Deposited Using CO–CO2–H2 Mixed Gas

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Perspectives on the Promising Pathways to Zero Carbon Emissions in the Steel Industry toward 2050

In-situ Observation of Precipitation and Growth of MnS Inclusions during Solidification of a High Sulfur Steel

Slag-steel Reactions in the Refining of Advanced High-Strength Steel

Preface to the Special Issue on “New Developments in High Temperature Processing of Steels and Related Materials Leading the Sustainable Society, and Key Properties of High Temperature Melts”

Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure, Phases, and Properties of Al-Si Coated Hot-Press-Forming Steel Sheets

Evaluation method for the three-dimensional behavior of bubbles in a liquid metal under horizontal magnetic field using ultrasonic tomography

詳細検索

Phosphorus Distribution between MgO-saturated CaO-Fe_tO-SiO₂-P₂O₅-MnO Slags and Liquid Iron

Experimental Determination of γ/(γ+α₂)/α₂ Phase Boundaries in a Ni-Cr-W-Mo Quaternary System

Influence of Yttrium Addition and Superficial Y₂O₃ Powder Application to Fe-26Cr-21Ni-1.8Si Alloy on Its High-temperature Oxidation Behavior

凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl₂O₃上へのMnSの晶出挙動

Reduction and Melting Behaviors of Iron Oxide Composite with Carbon Deposited Using CO–CO₂–H₂ Mixed Gas