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鉄と鋼 Vol. 105 (2019), No. 9

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オンライン版ISSN: 1883-2954
冊子版ISSN: 0021-1575
発行機関: The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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鉄と鋼 Vol. 105 (2019), No. 9

スポンジチタンのガス窒化挙動と窒化スポンジチタンのチタン合金溶湯中への溶解挙動

水上 英夫, 北浦 知之, 白井 善久

pp. 855-863

抄録

The nitriding behavior of titanium sponges with nitrogen gas and the dissolution behavior of titanium nitride titanium sponges in titanium alloy melt were examined.A titanium nitride sponge was produced using nitrogen gas. A high nitriding temperature corresponded to a longer nitriding time, and thus to a higher nitrogen concentration in the sponge. Both the titanium sponge and titanium nitride sponge featured a porous structure. Porous structures at both the surface layer and inside were formed at intervals of about 5.0×10–5 m. When the titanium nitride sponge was immersed into a titanium alloy melt, the melt permeated into the pores. The nominal dissolution rate of the titanium nitride sponge in the titanium alloy melt depends on the temperature of the melt. Higher melt temperatures corresponded to higher nominal dissolution rates. However, the concentration of nitrogen in the titanium nitride sponge had no influence on the nominal dissolution rate. Nitriding models of the titanium sponge with nitrogen gas, and the dissolution model of the titanium nitride sponge into the titanium alloy melt were proposed. These models considered the structure of the sponge; thus, the behavior of both the nitriding and dissolution sponges was predicted and confirmed.

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スポンジチタンのガス窒化挙動と窒化スポンジチタンのチタン合金溶湯中への溶解挙動

篩層モデルを用いた鉱石−コークス混合層内の粒子偏析挙動の推定

照井 光輝, 市川 和平, 柏原 佑介

pp. 864-870

抄録

To achieve low RAR operation by coke mixed charging, it is important to control coke segregation behavior in mixed layer at blast furnace top. In this study, a numerical simulator based on screening layer model was developed to estimate the distribution of mixed coke ratio in mixed layer. The results are summarized as follows:(1) The parameters required for the screening layer model to estimate the segregation behavior of the burden materials were determined by PIV test and numerical fitting.(2) The screening layer model containing parameters obtained by experiments and fittings was taken into the blast furnace burden distribution simulator. The simulation results showed that the distribution of mixed coke ratio of the small coke in the ore can be accurately estimated under the charging conditions of the actual furnace.(3) The influence of the difference in tilting direction of the rotating chute on the distribution of mixed coke ratio was evaluated. In the reverse tilting, the radial distribution of the mixed coke ratio became more uniform as compared with the forward tilting charging. Therefore, it is considered that reverse tilting is more effective for carrying out coke mixed charging.

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篩層モデルを用いた鉱石−コークス混合層内の粒子偏析挙動の推定

予備還元処理および物理選鉱による高リン鉄鉱石からのリン除去

久保 裕也, 丸岡 伸洋, 佐藤 嘉将

pp. 871-876

抄録

Fundamental experiments were conducted with the aim of crude separation of the phosphorus contained in high-P iron ore prior to the ironmaking process. By reducing high-P iron ore with lime and graphite at an appropriate blending ratio and temperature, a reduction product was obtained consisting of a P-concentrated phase, metallic Fe with low P, and an Fe oxide-containing phase. The reduction product was pulverized by electrical pulse disintegration, and a magnetic separation experiment was performed for each particle group. As a result, 57.5% of the P contained in the reduction product was removed by removing particles of 250 μm or less. Samples simulating the constituent phases of the reduction products were synthesized and subjected to magnetization measurement. It was assumed that the Fe oxide-containing phase was paramagnetic and the P-concentrated phase was diamagnetic. We calculated the magnetic and drag forces acting on the paramagnetic particles in wet magnetic separation. When the magnetic field gradient was low, the magnetic forces acting on the fine particles were low, and attraction was difficult due to the drag force of water.

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予備還元処理および物理選鉱による高リン鉄鉱石からのリン除去

最大欠陥を想定した球状黒鉛鋳鉄継手の疲労限度と溶接継手との比較

日高 哲郎, 野田 尚昭, 佐野 義一, 甲斐 信博, 藤本 宏義

pp. 877-886

抄録

In our earlier study, the authors revealed that the fatigue limit of ductile cast iron (DCI) specimens whose shapes are similar to the welded joint shapes is about three times larger than that of the welded joint specimens. However, since many defects are usually included in the DCI specimens, the fatigue limit of DCI joints decreases with increasing the maximum defect size. In this paper, therefore, the maximum defect size is estimated by using statistics of extremes. Then, the lowest fatigue limit corresponding to the maximum defect size is estimated from the 4 parameter model and compared with the lowest fatigue limit of the welded joint. As a result, it was confirmed that the lowest fatigue limit of the DCI specimens is about twice as large as the welded joint.

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最大欠陥を想定した球状黒鉛鋳鉄継手の疲労限度と溶接継手との比較

イオンプレーティング法により模擬したMn系高強度冷延鋼板表面におけるMn酸化物の存在形態とリン酸塩処理性の関係

増岡 弘之, 古谷 真一, 竹山 隼人, 平 章一郎, 松崎 晃

pp. 887-892

抄録

It is well known that Si, Mn and B, the alloying elements for high strength steel sheets, easily form oxides on the steel surface during annealing in a reducing atmosphere, and those oxides have a large influence on the surface performance of steel sheets, such as phosphatability. In this work, we discovered that the oxidation behavior of Mn-added high strength cold-rolled steel sheets could be simulated on mild steel sheets by using an ion plating method and investigated the relationship between the morphology of Mn oxides and phosphatability under the condition that both the amount and kind of Mn oxides were fixed. In a simulated Mn-O layer, fine surface oxides, which covered most of the steel surface, were observed after annealing. On the other hand, in a Mn-B-O layer, large globular surface oxides were observed on the steel surface, and the Fe surface was partially bare. The B-Mn compound oxide is considered to be in a molten phase during annealing because the melting point of the compound oxide is lower than the annealing temperature, and as a result, it is thought that large B-Mn compound oxides coagulate and grow during annealing. In addition, it was found that the large B-Mn compound oxides (about 500 nm) interfere with steel dissolution in the phosphate solution. These results demonstrate the importance of controlling the morphology as well as the amount and kind of surface oxides for obtaining good phosphatability of Mn-added high strength cold-rolled steel sheets.

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イオンプレーティング法により模擬したMn系高強度冷延鋼板表面におけるMn酸化物の存在形態とリン酸塩処理性の関係

アモルファスNi-Ti合金を出発原料とする多孔質Ni触媒の開発と水素キャリア分子からの水素製造への応用

桑原 泰隆, 安岡 佑, 野﨑 安衣, 大道 徹太郎, 森 浩亮, 山下 弘巳

pp. 893-899

抄録

Skeletal Ni catalysts were prepared by the combined process of thermal treatment, mechanical milling, and dealloying using Ni40Ti60 amorphous alloy as a starting material. The influence of processing sequence on the catalytic activity of the prepared catalyst was investigated. The skeletal Ni catalyst prepared via i) thermal treatment at around the crystallization temperature (ca. 743 K), ii) mechanical milling, iii) dealloying by immersion in 1.0 mol/L HF aqueous solution showed the highest catalytic activity in the dehydrogenation reaction from ammonia borane compared with other skeletal Ni analogues prepared via different processing sequences. Thermal treatment around the crystallization temperature caused atomic rearrangement, which lead to a formation of electron-deficient Ni species on the surface of skeletal Ni alloy after dealloying treatment. SEM morphological observation and surface-area measurement indicated that thermal treatment decreased mechanical strength of the Ni-Ti alloy and that mechanical milling allowed the formation of finer Ni-Ti particles, which facilitated the formation of high-surface-area skeletal Ni after dealloying treatment. We found that processing sequence on Ni-Ti amorphous alloy made drastic impacts on surface area and electronic state of the resulting skeletal Ni, which consequently affected the catalytic performance in the dehydrogenation reaction.

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アモルファスNi-Ti合金を出発原料とする多孔質Ni触媒の開発と水素キャリア分子からの水素製造への応用

金属(Au, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni)と0.2 wt%Al-Zn浴界面におけるアルミニウム化合物の形成挙動

李 仁鎬, 韓 光植, 早川 康之, 貝沼 亮介

pp. 900-909

抄録

Formation behaviors of aluminides at 450ºC in the interfacial region between M sheets (M=Au, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni) and molten 0.2 wt.%Al-Zn were investigated by simple dipping method of M sheets into molten Al-Zn bath. In the Fe and Ni sheets dipped for 60 s, aluminides were formed in the diffusion zone, while not observed in the Au, Cu and Mn sheets. These results were discussed in the view points of the chemical interactions between M and Al, the up-hill diffusion of Al induced by concentration gradient of M element in liquid Zn, and the relative stability of M-Al intermetallic compounds to M-Zn based intermetallic compounds.

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金属(Au, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni)と0.2 wt%Al-Zn浴界面におけるアルミニウム化合物の形成挙動

強冷間圧延されたFe-3%Si合金の再結晶と粒成長に伴う集合組織変化

安田 雅人, 片岡 隆史, 牛神 義行, 村上 健一, 潮田 浩作

pp. 910-917

抄録

Recrystallization and grain growth are important phenomena for controlling the mechanical and magnetic properties of steels through texture. Only a limited number of studies have been carried out on texture evolution during recrystallization and grain growth in heavily cold-rolled Si steel. The present study first focuses on clarifying the texture evolution during normal grain growth, followed by an investigation into the development of the {411}<148> component during recrystallization. The {411}<148> component is remarkably developed during normal grain growth after the completion of recrystallization. At just fully recrystallized stage, the diameters of the {411}<148> grains were larger than that of the grains with other orientations. Therefore, the {411}<148> grains significantly grew owing to the size advantage.Just at the commencement of recrystallization, differences in grain diameter of recrystallized grains in terms of crystal orientation were not detected. However, it is worthwhile to mention that the nucleation of {411}<148> recrystallized grains is unexpectedly fast in heavily cold-rolled Si steel. Recrystallized {411}<148> grains were observed to nucleate in the deformed α-fiber grains, especially near the grain boundaries. Nuclei with {411}<148> orientation grow easily due to the high mobility of the interface between the recrystallized/non-recrystallized grains and the high driving force. Consequently, the diameter of a {411}<148> recrystallized grain becomes relatively large upon the completion of recrystallization. This contributes to the selective grain growth during the normal grain growth stage because of the size effect.

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強冷間圧延されたFe-3%Si合金の再結晶と粒成長に伴う集合組織変化

その場中性子回折実験による1 GPa級高延性TRIP鋼の引張変形挙動解析

土田 紀之, 田中 孝明, 田路 勇樹

pp. 918-926

抄録

The better uniform elongation of the 1 GPa-grade TRIP-aided multi-phase steel with retained austenite (γR) shape of needle-like was discussed by in situ neutron diffraction experiments during tensile test. The better uniform elongation can be ascribed by not only the deformation-induced martensitic transformation of γR but also the deformation behavior of γR and ferrite phase. Especially, the tensile deformation behavior of γR is found to be closely associated with both of the stress-strain curve and the deformation-induced martensitic transformation of γR. The tensile deformation behavior of γR should be considered as one of the conditions to obtain better TRIP effect.

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その場中性子回折実験による1 GPa級高延性TRIP鋼の引張変形挙動解析

U曲げ試験片を用いた高強度薄鋼板の水素脆化特性評価法

柴山 由樹, 北條 智彦, 秋山 英二

pp. 927-934

抄録

An evaluate method for hydrogen embrittlement property of high strength steel sheet has been proposed in this study. To take into consideration of the effect of plastic strain in addition to the effects of applied/residual stress and diffusible hydrogen, U-bend specimens have been adopted because steel sheets for automobiles are usually used after press forming into various parts. After U-shape bending, the specimen was loaded using a bolt. The proposed evaluation method is based on the measurement of critical hydrogen content or critical hydrogen charging condition for hydrogen embrittlement fracture at given stress and strain conditions. The hydrogen charging current density was increased in step-wise manner until cracking was observed, and cracking was detected by optical observation and by monitoring voltage between the sample and a counter electrode. The critical hydrogen contents for specimens with varied applied stress were obtained by means of thermal desorption spectroscopy. For the critical hydrogen content, both the hydrogen contents in strained portion of the specimen and no-strained portion were measured. The former is affected by introduced dislocations caused by straining and the latter is thought to be proportional to the hydrogen fugacity. Both critical hydrogen contents tended to be decreased slightly when the applied stress was relatively high.

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U曲げ試験片を用いた高強度薄鋼板の水素脆化特性評価法

Bcc構造を有する鋼における弾性定数比c12/c44ならびに異方性パラメーターAiの見積もり

高木 節雄, 増村 拓朗, 土山 聡宏

pp. 935-937

抄録

In the dislocation characterization by the modified Williamson-Hall method, elastic stiffness ratio c12/c44 and anisotropy parameter Ai (=2c44/(c11c12)) are important parameters to determine the contrast factor. In order to determine the values of elastic stiffness cij, we need the information of Young’s modulus E*, shear modulus G* in poly crystal, and Young’s modulus of single crystal; E100, E110, E111. The values of E* and G* are experimentally obtained by the resonance method. However, it is not so easy to fabricate single crystal, especially for practically used metals in which many alloying elements are contained. Therefore, we need to estimate the values of E100, E110, E111 in some way. In this paper, the following equations were proposed to estimate these values for the steels with bcc structure.E100 = 0.647 × E* E110 = 1.079 × E* E111 = 1.387 × E*The coefficient in each equation was determined by the average value of Ehkl/E* in pure iron. In the steels with bcc structure (E*=206 GPa), it was confirmed that c12/c44 and Ai are given by the following equations as a function of Poisson’s ratio ν.c12/c44 = –1.466 + 8.887 × ν Ai = 2.885 – 1.602 × νAs a result, c12/c44≒1.11 and Ai≒2.42 are applicable for the modified Williamson-Hall method under the condition; ν=0.29.

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Bcc構造を有する鋼における弾性定数比c12/c44ならびに異方性パラメーターAiの見積もり

訂正:1723 Kにおける溶融高Al鉄中のAlとSnの相互作用係数[鉄と鋼 Vol.105(2019), No.3, pp.373-377]

pp. 938-938

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訂正:1723 Kにおける溶融高Al鉄中のAlとSnの相互作用係数[鉄と鋼 Vol.105(2019), No.3, pp.373-377]

訂正:選択浸出による製鋼スラグからのリンの抽出とリン酸塩の回収[鉄と鋼 Vol.105(2019), No.4, pp.479-487]

pp. 939-939

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訂正:選択浸出による製鋼スラグからのリンの抽出とリン酸塩の回収[鉄と鋼 Vol.105(2019), No.4, pp.479-487]

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