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鉄と鋼
Vol. 74 (1988), No. 4

鉄と鋼 Vol. 74 (1988), No. 4

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オンライン版ISSN:	1883-2954
冊子版ISSN:	0021-1575
発行機関:	The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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キーワードランキング

03 Dec. (Last 30 Days)

鉄と鋼 Vol. 74 (1988), No. 4

Growth Kinetics and Alloying Element Partition of Proeutectoid Ferrite

Toshimi TARUI, Masato ENOMOTO

pp. 591-600

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Hydrogen-Defect Interactions and Hydrogen-Induced Embrittlement in Iron and Steel (1)

Makio IINO

pp. 601-608

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Computer Control of Mechanical Properties for Manufacture of Steel Plate-Present State and Future Problem

Yoshiyuki SAITO

pp. 609-616

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立体視をどうぞ/我が国における粗鋼生産量と輸出比率

鉄と鋼 Vol.74(1988), No.1

八つ当たり/メイク・ア・プロフィット

鉄と鋼 Vol.74(1988), No.2

武田信玄の愛読書/統計/夢物語

鉄と鋼 Vol.74(1988), No.5

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Manufacturing Techniques for Rolled Clad Products

Takao KAWANAMI, Seishiro YOSHIWARA

pp. 617-623

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高P含有オーステナイト系ステンレス耐熱鋼の凝固割れに関する検討

溶接学会論文集 Vol.30(2012), No.2

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Disintegration of Coke by Mechanical Impact under Gasification Reaction

Yuji IWANAGA, Kouji TAKATANI

pp. 624-631

抄録

In order to clarify the behavior of fines in blast furnace, fundamental experiments were performed on the disintegration of coke during gasification reaction accompanied by mechanical impact.
The following results were obtained :
(1) Coke fines of high ash content are generated with the progress of gasification, which suggests the close correlation between generation of coke fines and gasification.
(2) Generation of coke fines increases remarkably when the mechanical impact strength is beyond a critical value.
(3) Reaction temperature, gas composition and coke size also affect the generation of coke fines by varying the rate of gasification.
A mathematical model is made using the rate equation of coke fine generation deduced from the experimental results. The calculated results agree well with the experimental results. The model, therefore, can be applied for the investigation of the bahavior of coke fines in blast furnace.

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The Solubility of the Chromite in MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-CaO Melts at 1 600°C in Air

Kazuki MORITA, Tomoki SHIBUYA, Nobuo SANO

pp. 632-639

抄録

The solubility of the picrochromite MgO·Cr₂O₃ into MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ melts were measured at 1 600°C in air, to understand the bahavior of smelting reduction of chromite ore. The solubility of picrochromite were 1.1-4.5wt% Cr₂O₃ in MgO-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃ melts. In MgO-CaO melts, they were as much as 40-55wt% CrO_x, although more than 50% of chromium exists as Cr⁶⁺ in the high CaO and low MgO region. The solubility of the picrochromite increased from 0.2-0.8wt% Cr₂O₃ to 0.5-2.6wt% Cr₂O₃ by adding CaO to the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ melts. For Al₂O₃ containing melts, the chromium in the chromite MgO·Cr₂O₃ was substituted by aluminum in proportion to Al₂O₃ content in the melt.

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Diffusivity of Ca⁴⁵ in Molten FeO-CaO-SiO² Slag Equilibrated with Solid Iron

鉄と鋼 Vol.75(1989), No.10

抄録

鉄と鋼 Vol.73(1987), No.1

The Effect of Second Order Interaction Parameters on the Solubility Product of Calcium and Oxygen in Molten Iron

鉄と鋼 Vol.75(1989), No.11

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Copper Distribution between Na₂S Bearing Fluxes and Carbon Saturated Iron Melts

Tadashi IMAI, Nobuo SANO

pp. 640-647

抄録

Copper distribution between NaS_0.5 bearing fluxes and carbon saturated iron melts was measured at 1 200°C. Coefficients L_Cu and K_Cu which are defined below were used to discuss the decopperization behavior of different sulfide fluxes with different sulfur content in carbon saturated iron melts. L_Cu≡(%Cu)/[%Cu] K_Cu≡(%CuS_0.5)/[%Cu]·[%S]^1/2
The results are summarized as follows.
1) The distribution ratio L_Cu was between 11 and 21.5 for the NaS_0.5-FeS-CuS_0.5 system at 1 200°C. The maximum K_Cu was 213 for the 95%NaS_0.5-5%FeS system with L_Cu=17 and [%S]=0.01.
2) The temperature dependence of K_Cu, from 1 170°C to 1 325°C for the melts containing 79.9-88.5%NaS_0.5+10.7-19.4%FeS+0.55-0.76%CuS_0.5 can be expressed by the following equation.
lnK_Cu=1.25×10⁴/T-3.07
3) NaS_0.5 was found to be the best component for the decopperization among five sulfides FeS, NaS_0.5, KS_0.5, CaS, CuS_0.5 investigated in the present work.

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Copper Distribution between FeS-Na₂S Flux and Carbon Saturated Liquid Iron

鉄と鋼 Vol.77(1991), No.4

Effect of Alkaline and Alkaline Earth Metal Sulfide Addition on the Copper Distribution between FeS Flux and Carbon Saturated Liquid Iron

鉄と鋼 Vol.77(1991), No.5

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Wettability of Solid Oxides by Liquid Iron Alloys under Reduced Pressure

Kiyoshi NOGI, Kazumi OGINO, Tetsuma KURACHI

pp. 648-655

抄録

Wettability of solid oxides by liquid iron alloys has been studied under reduced pressure. Measurements of surface tension and contact angle of liquid iron alloys on solid oxides (MgO, Al₂O₃) have been carried out with the sessile drop method.
1) Different values of surface tension and contact angle were obtained by different furnaces whose heating elements were molybdenum and graphite, respectively. This can be explained by a difference in partial pressure of oxygen in the furnaces.
2) The values of surface tension obtained by the furnace whose heating element was graphite was considerably higher than previous works. It should be caused by an extremely low oxygen pressure in this work compared with those in previous works.
3) The difference in the wetting of Al₂O₃ and MgO with liquid iron alloys can be attributed to the difference in solubilities of Al and Mg in liquid iron.

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Progress of Filtration Technologies for Inclusion Removal

鉄と鋼 Vol.75(1989), No.10

Behavior of Components in the Molten Iron from the Trough Type Continuous Steelmaking Furnace

鉄と鋼 Vol.75(1989), No.2

Activity Measurement of the Constituents in Fe_tO-MnO Slag Equilibrated with Iron

鉄と鋼 Vol.77(1991), No.9

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Activities of Components in Iron oxysulphide Melt in Equilibrium with Solid Iron

Shoji HAYASHI, Yoshiaki IGUCHI

pp. 656-663

抄録

Equilibrium between H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures and iron oxysulphide melts in coexistence of solid iron was accomplished by means of the gas circulating method. The temperature range of measurements was 1 000 to 1 200°C, and the mole fractions of oxygen and sulphur in the melt were N_o =00.35 and N_s= 0.180.43, respectively. The oxygen pressure in gas was measured by oxygen galvanic cell using calcia-stabilized zirconia as a solid electrolyte. The sulphur pressure in gas was determined by chemical analysis.
The activities of oxygen and sulphur in the melt showed slightly positive deviation from the fractional concentration of each anion i, N'_i =N_i/(N_o+N_s) modified by a solution model.
The partial molar quantities of species in the solution at 1 100°C were calculated from results of the activities. It was shown that oxygen exothermically dissolves into the solution and has a small inclination of imperfect mixing at N'_o=0.2, whereas sulphur plays nearly an ideal behavior in the solution.
The sulphur potential in equilibrium with iron, wustite and the melt was in close agreement with those in earlier works.

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Development of Automatic Blowing Technique in BOF Based on a Mathematical Model

Takeshi TAKAWA, Mitsunobu SATO, Takashi OKADA, Masahiko INUI, Takashi KURIBAYASHI

pp. 664-671

抄録

For the endpoint control and the estimation of steel compositions at the end point in BOF with top and bottom blowing, a mathematical model suitable for online application has been developed on the following procedure.
(1) The basic equations of oxygen consumption ratio and temperature increase ratio have been developed. These equations have comprehensive characteristics in both low and high carbon ranges at the final stage of blowing.
(2) An endpoint control model for coinciding the carbon content and temperature at the end point with their aimed values has been developed on the basis of the above mentioned basic equations.
(3) Equations for the estimation of manganese and phosphorus contents at the end point have been developed by using the values obtained by analysis of the steel sampled by sub-lance measurement during blowing and the amount of oxygen which was not consumed for decarburization during the period from sublance measurement to the end point.
At No. 2 BOF shop in Wakayama Steel Works, the models are being used for the automatic blowing and contributes to the reduction of reblow ratio and the improvement of quick tapping ratio.

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Quantitative Estimation about the Influence of Various Factors on the Smelting Reduction Rate of Cr-ore by Top-and-bottom Blowing Converter

Shin-ya KITAMURA, Takashi ARAI, Michitaka MATSUO, Nobuo SATO, Kazuo OKOHIRA, Hidetake ISHIKAWA

pp. 672-679

抄録

Smelting reduction rate of Cr-ore in top-and-bottom blowing converter was quantitatively estimated by 600 kg scale fundamental experiment and 100 t scale industrial furnace (LD-OB). The change of Cr oxide in slag with time showed zero-order reaction kinetics and the following points were clarified on the reduction rate.
1) The rate was in propotion to ε^0.5 and L^1.0, where ε was stirring energy, L was diameter of furnace.
2) The activation energy was about 210 kJ/mol.
3) The rate were not cleary affected by the kind of Cr-sources, namely, pellets, briquettes of powder ore, carbon containing briquettes and lump ore.
4) The rate increased with the increase in amount of carbon for reduction and the decrease of [%Cr].
According to these results, it was posturated that the transfer of Cr oxide in molten slag phase to the carbon-slag and the metal-slag interfaces was the rate controlling step. The reduction rate was formulated as a function of ε., L, [%Cr], temperature and the containing ratio of carbon for reduction in slag. The results of calculation showed fairly good agreement with the observed values.

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Smelting Reduction of Chrome Ore Pellet in Stirred Bath

Masaki FUJITA, Hiroyuki KATAYAMA, Masatoshi KUWABARA, Chikara SAITOU, Hidetake ISHIKAWA, Hiroyuki KAJIOKA

pp. 680-687

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Stress Analysis of Grooved Rolls Having Closed Passes and Discussion on Their Groove Shapes by photoelastic Methods

Kenji MIYAZAWA

pp. 688-695

抄録

There was a breaking accident of a solid grooved roll having closed passes, which seemed to be broken at a groove bottom mainly by mechanical stresses.
The stresses were analyzed by a three-dimensional photoelastic method and the cause of the breakage was studied. The effect of groove shapes on the stress distribution of the grooved roll was investigated by a two-dimensional photoelastic method. The main results obtained are as follows :
1) As a result of the stress analysis of the solid grooved roll having closed passes, it became clear that the breakage was caused by too large mechanical working stresses.
2) To prevent the breaking accident of the grooved roll at a groove fillet, it is most effective to make the diameter of the groove and collar as large as possible.

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Development of a Simulation Testing Machine for Evaluating the Lubricity of Lubricant in Cold Sheet Rolling

Akira AZUSHIMA

pp. 696-702

抄録

The new simple simulating tests have always been desired strongly in order to evaluate the lubricity of lubricant in cold sheet rolling, because of complexity and cost of experimentation with actual rolling processes. The purpose of the study is to develop a new simulation testing machine. In the new type of simulating test, it is necessary to deform, the workpiece material plastically which is different from the simulating test such as Timken test. The contact behavior between rolls and workpiece is undoubtedly closer to that in rolling practice. The roll can be rotated at a high relative speed and moreover, the normal force and tangential force can be measured individually. The new simulation testing machine developed is sufficient for these necessary conditions. The apparatus is very simple and the cost for experiments is cheap. This machine is effective for evaluation of the lubricity of lubricant in cold sheet rolling.

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Relationship between Creep Strength and γ' Size in a Directionally Solidified Nickel-base Superalloy

鉄と鋼 Vol.73(1987), No.2

Improved 12Cr Rotor Forging for Ultra-Super-Critical Steam Turbine

鉄と鋼 Vol.76(1990), No.7

Recent Contributions of Work and Tool Materials for Cold Forged Products

鉄と鋼 Vol.76(1990), No.5

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Transvers and Longitudinal Yield Strength of Hot-rolled Seamless Linepipe

Akira YAGI, Takaharu SHIMIZU, Yasuo SOGO, Katuharu NAKAMURA

pp. 703-709

抄録

The transverse yield strengths of hot-rolled seamless linepipes were studied with respect to the different test methods, including the tensile tests with cold-flattened strap and unflattened round specimens. These results were compared with the longitudinal yield strength and the yield strength obtained by the ring ex pansion test, and were discussed in relation to yielding of a pipe under triaxial stress state. The following conclusions are reached from the experimental results and discussion.
(1) There is little difference between the longitudinal and transverse tensile properties of hot-rolled seamless linepipe.
(2) The cold-flattened strap specimen does not represent the true material properties, because of the pipe-size effect on the yield strength.
(3) The transverse yield strength, which is obtained with the cold-flattened strap specimen, can be well explained with the combination of work-hardening and the Bauschinger effect.
(4) As for the hot-rolled seamless linepipe, the use of longitudinal tensile specimens should be recommended as the most reliable practical method for the purpose of quality control.

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Direct Quenching Process in Seamless Tube Manufacturing

鉄と鋼 Vol.71(1985), No.8

Experimental Study of Piercing Characteristics and Wear of Plugs in Press Roll Piercer of Seamless Pipe

鉄と鋼 Vol.70(1984), No.2

New Seamless Pipe Rolling Technology for Higher Dimensional Accuracy

鉄と鋼 Vol.67(1981), No.15

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Fabrication of Silicon-Carbide Continuous Fiber Reinforced Carbon (SiC/C) Composites Using Hot Press Process and the Effects of Fiber Forms on the Strength

Tong Shik CHANG, Akimitsu OKURA

pp. 710-717

抄録

Silicon-carbide continuous fiber reinforced carbon (SiC/C) composites was fabricated using a simple hot press process. Three forms of SiC fiber reinforcement, that is, cloth, mat and unidirectional long fibers (UD fibers) were employed. Fine pulverized coke mixed with carbonaceous bulk mesophase (BM) was used as matrix. In this process, SiC fibers were laminated alternately with the matrix admixture in a die, and then heated to 600°C under a pressure of 49 MPa.
The results were as follows:
(1) The maximum strengths of the composites were the greatest for the UD fiber reinforcements at 121.5 MPa while the cloth and mat reinforcements showed appreciably lower strengths.
(2) After secondary heat treatments at 800°C to 1 500°C, the composite reinforced with UD fibers showed excellent strengths above 106 MPa which were greater than that of an as-fabricated commercial C/C composite. The strengths of the composites reinforced with cloth and mat, however, were significantly reduced by the heat treatments.

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Visual Observations of Fatigue Crack Propagation of a Low Alloy Steel in High Temperature Pressurized Water

Norio NAGATA, Yasuyuki KATADA

pp. 718-724

抄録

Visual observations of fatigue crack propagation of a low alloy steel in an autoclave filled with pressurized water at high temperatures simulating a boiling water reactor environment were conducted. The observation system consisted of a distant focusing relay lens, a camera and a picture control device. A sapphire single crystal rod was employed as solid light path in high temperature water in order to reduce the image distortion due to convection. Observations were carried out at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 288°C. The total resolution power of the observation system decreased with increasing temperature but satisfied a requirement of ASTM standard even at temperature of 288°C.
Crack growth curves were successfully obtained from the successive pictures and compared with those obtained by a compliance method using LVDT for the same specimen. A good coincidence was obtained between both measurements.

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Fretting Fatigue of High Strength Steels for Chain Cables in Sea Water

Kozo NAKAZAWA, Masae SUMITA, Norio MARUYAMA, Yoshikuni KAWABE

pp. 725-732

抄録

Fretting fatigue tests of high strength steels having ultimate tensile strengths of 490, 690 and 880 MPa were carried out in sea water under free corrosion condition, and the effect of fretting damage on fatigue life was investigated. At high stress amplitude, the higher the strength of steel, the longer the fretting fatigue life. At low stress amplitude, the fretting fatigue life of all the steels decreased to 10-20% of the conventional corrosion fatigue life and showed almost the same life irrespective of the strength of steel. The fretting fatigue life in sea water was much shorter than that in air, and the fretting fatigue strength at 10⁷ cycles was lower in sea water than in air. The saturation of fretting fatigue damage occurred beyond a certain number of fretting cycles. The ratio of the smallest number of fretting cycles to the fretting fatigue life for the saturation to occur in sea water was less than 0.005%, but that in air was about 30%. It was shown that the fatigue life in sea water was lowered by the fretting damage of a small number of fretting cycles.

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Phase Diagram of Fe Rich Side of Fe-Mo System under High Pressure

Yoritoshi MINAMINO, Toshimi YAMANE, Hideki ARAKI, Akitoshi HIRAKI, Yoshinari MIYAMOTO

pp. 733-740

抄録

High-pressure phase diagrams of the iron-rich Fe-Mo system were determined by a diffusion-couple method and the results were compared with the calculated phase diagrams. Under high pressure the α-phase region became narrower, while the γ-region wider. When the pressure was about 3.2 GPa, the γ-loop was no more present and instead the contracted γ-field appeared in the Fe-Mo system.

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Measurements of Hydrogen Content at Inside Wall of Crack in Stress Corrosion Cracking

Koji YAMAKAWA, Harushige TSUBAKINO, Hideyuki MITSUMATA, Kwang Bae KIM

pp. 741-743

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ファインセラミックスの研究開発

奥田博

pp. 747-748

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論文アクセスランキング

03 Dec. (Last 30 Days)

In-situ Observation of Precipitation and Growth of MnS Inclusions during Solidification of a High Sulfur Steel

ISIJ International 早期公開
Measurement of Bubble Size Distribution and Generation Position of Bubbles Generated during Smelting Reduction of Iron Oxide-containing Slag

ISIJ International 早期公開
Injection of hydrogenous gases into the blast furnace tuyeres for reducing CO₂ emissions: a review

ISIJ International 早期公開
凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl₂O₃上へのMnSの晶出挙動

鉄と鋼早期公開
Fe–(0.5–2.0)%Al–2.0%Mn合金の一方向凝固におけるAlNの晶出挙動に及ぼすAl濃度の影響

鉄と鋼早期公開
Molecular dynamics simulation of viscosity of the CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ melts

ISIJ International 早期公開
One-Pot Sonochemical Synthesis of Carbon Nano-Onions from Silicon Carbide in Pure Water

MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS Vol.65(2024), No.11
Terminal Settling Velocity of Particle in Suspension

ISIJ International 早期公開
Reduction and Carburization Behaviors of Iron Oxide Composite with Iron Carbide and Free Carbon

ISIJ International 早期公開
Development of a Low-carbon Sintering Process Technology and Its Application to a Pilot-scale Sintering Testing

ISIJ International Vol.64(2024), No.13

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鉄と鋼 Vol. 74 (1988), No. 4

キーワードランキング

kinetics of decarburization of liquid iron with high concentration ofcarbon

gasification

kinetics of decarburization of liquid iron by ar-coz gasmixture

19al6mg

automotive wheel

charpy impact chemistry

evaluation of wettability at interface between molten slag and liquid fe on recovery of metallic fe from lunar regolith

kinetics of decarburization of liquid iron by

reduction caco3 in electric furnace

scm440

鉄と鋼 Vol. 74 (1988), No. 4

Growth Kinetics and Alloying Element Partition of Proeutectoid Ferrite

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Hydrogen-Defect Interactions and Hydrogen-Induced Embrittlement in Iron and Steel (1)

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Computer Control of Mechanical Properties for Manufacture of Steel Plate-Present State and Future Problem

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Manufacturing Techniques for Rolled Clad Products

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Disintegration of Coke by Mechanical Impact under Gasification Reaction

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The Solubility of the Chromite in MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaO Melts at 1 600°C in Air

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Copper Distribution between Na2S Bearing Fluxes and Carbon Saturated Iron Melts

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Wettability of Solid Oxides by Liquid Iron Alloys under Reduced Pressure

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Activities of Components in Iron oxysulphide Melt in Equilibrium with Solid Iron

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Development of Automatic Blowing Technique in BOF Based on a Mathematical Model

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Quantitative Estimation about the Influence of Various Factors on the Smelting Reduction Rate of Cr-ore by Top-and-bottom Blowing Converter

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Smelting Reduction of Chrome Ore Pellet in Stirred Bath

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Stress Analysis of Grooved Rolls Having Closed Passes and Discussion on Their Groove Shapes by photoelastic Methods

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Development of a Simulation Testing Machine for Evaluating the Lubricity of Lubricant in Cold Sheet Rolling

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Transvers and Longitudinal Yield Strength of Hot-rolled Seamless Linepipe

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Fabrication of Silicon-Carbide Continuous Fiber Reinforced Carbon (SiC/C) Composites Using Hot Press Process and the Effects of Fiber Forms on the Strength

SNSによる共有

Visual Observations of Fatigue Crack Propagation of a Low Alloy Steel in High Temperature Pressurized Water

SNSによる共有

Fretting Fatigue of High Strength Steels for Chain Cables in Sea Water

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Phase Diagram of Fe Rich Side of Fe-Mo System under High Pressure

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Measurements of Hydrogen Content at Inside Wall of Crack in Stress Corrosion Cracking

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ファインセラミックスの研究開発

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論文アクセスランキング

In-situ Observation of Precipitation and Growth of MnS Inclusions during Solidification of a High Sulfur Steel

Measurement of Bubble Size Distribution and Generation Position of Bubbles Generated during Smelting Reduction of Iron Oxide-containing Slag

Injection of hydrogenous gases into the blast furnace tuyeres for reducing CO2 emissions: a review

凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl2O3上へのMnSの晶出挙動

Fe–(0.5–2.0)%Al–2.0%Mn合金の一方向凝固におけるAlNの晶出挙動に及ぼすAl濃度の影響

Molecular dynamics simulation of viscosity of the CaO, MgO and Al2O3 melts

One-Pot Sonochemical Synthesis of Carbon Nano-Onions from Silicon Carbide in Pure Water

Terminal Settling Velocity of Particle in Suspension

Reduction and Carburization Behaviors of Iron Oxide Composite with Iron Carbide and Free Carbon

Development of a Low-carbon Sintering Process Technology and Its Application to a Pilot-scale Sintering Testing

詳細検索

The Solubility of the Chromite in MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-CaO Melts at 1 600°C in Air

Copper Distribution between Na₂S Bearing Fluxes and Carbon Saturated Iron Melts

Injection of hydrogenous gases into the blast furnace tuyeres for reducing CO₂ emissions: a review

凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl₂O₃上へのMnSの晶出挙動

Molecular dynamics simulation of viscosity of the CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ melts