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鉄と鋼
Vol. 108 (2022), No. 9

鉄と鋼 Vol. 108 (2022), No. 9

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オンライン版ISSN:	1883-2954
冊子版ISSN:	0021-1575
発行機関:	The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

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Vol. 110 (2024)
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キーワードランキング

21 Nov. (Last 30 Days)

鉄と鋼 Vol. 108 (2022), No. 9

浴中に侵入する球体と流体の相互作用に関する数値解析

鷹林謙介, 重松伊織, 樋口善彦

pp. 585-594

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2022-027

抄録

In the steelmaking process, it is necessary to decrease impurities in steel to meet the increasing demand for high-grade products. Top blowing and blasting of powder reagent are desirable for the purpose and the deeper penetration of particles into the bath is important for efficient refining. In the present work, CFD calculation with VOF (Volume of Fluid) method and dynamic mesh was executed to study the reported penetration and residual bubble behavior of polypropylene sphere (diameter of 9.6 mm) with a static contact angle of 87° and 143° and an entry solid sphere velocity of 0.63, 0.89, and 1.53 m/s in the water model experiments. Calculated results showed the numerical analysis could evaluate the formation and breakup of air column behind the sphere and the generation of consequent residual bubble on the sphere. Good wettability and high entry speed promoted the deeper penetration of the sphere. Calculated dynamic contact angle on the basis of Kistler’s model indicated that the difference between static and dynamic contact angles was within 13.7° in the present conditions and the discrepancy could not wield a substantial influence on the result of CFD calculation. The adoption of base and refined mesh without parallel zone around the sphere could not give a good agreement with the experimental results. On the other hand, the use of layer mesh was appropriate for reproducing the penetration depth and residual bubble volume observed in the experiments.

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浴中に侵入する球体と流体の相互作用に関する数値解析

Bibtex

Ris

矩形波渦電流探傷試験による鋼板の透磁率変化のイメージング

笹山瑛由

pp. 595-602

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2022-021

抄録

Magnetic materials are used for the iron cores of transformers, reactors, and rotating machines. The reduction of the iron loss of the iron core can reduce the loss of these electrical equipment and contribute to energy saving. Therefore, it is important to quantitatively evaluate the magnetic properties of magnetic materials. On the other hand, the eddy current test is widely used to detect changes in electromagnetic characteristics such as conductivity and magnetic permeability without the specimen contacting the sensor. In this paper, we image and quantitatively evaluate changes in the magnetic properties of steel sheets using rectangular wave eddy current testing (RECT). First, we basically verify whether RECT can detect the spatial magnetic property change of the steel sheet due to the magnetization of the permanent magnet. The result demonstrates that RECT is useful image and quantify the spatial magnetic property change. Second, the effect of magnetization on the signal obtained by RECT is examined by changing the intensity of DC magnetic field, and electromagnetic field simulation based on the finite element method is also conducted to calculate the magnetic permeability distribution inside the steel sheet when a DC magnetic field is applied and validate the experimental results. The experimental result demonstrates that the signal depends on the intensity of the DC magnetic field, and the simulation result supports the experimental result.

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矩形波渦電流探傷試験による鋼板の透磁率変化のイメージング

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SEM-FIB/EBSD法を用いたTRIP鋼中残留γ相の観察および安定性評価

西山武志, 仲道治郎

pp. 603-615

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2022-029

抄録

Morphologies of retained γ grains in TRIP steels are a very important factor for understanding the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of TRIP steels. We have investigated a serial sectioning technique using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and a focused ion beam (FIB) to reconstruct 3D microstructure of TRIP steels. In this paper, FIB fabrication condition dependences of reconstructed 3D structures are presented in TRIP steels and γ-grains stabilities are discussed in terms of ion beam effects. Retained γ-grains are not recognized by EBSD map from a FIB fabricated surface using normal ion accelerating voltage of 30 kV, because γ grains are easily transformed into martensite due to ion irradiation. It was found that the transformation was suppressed by using a low acceleration voltage of 7 kV or less, and the three-dimensional morphology could be observed using low acceleration voltage serial sectioning technique. It becomes possible to evaluate morphology of each phase and we proposed evaluation method of γ stabilities by ion irradiation transformation.

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SEM-FIB/EBSD法を用いたTRIP鋼中残留γ相の観察および安定性評価

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サイジングプレス幅圧下後の厚み分布が先尾端部の幅プロフィールに及ぼす影響

後藤寛人, 木村幸雄, 三宅勝

pp. 616-630

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2022-014

抄録

Changing mold width of continuous casting takes long shut down time. Therefore in order to produce various width slabs in roughing mills, sizing press has been installed in most hot strip mills. Installation of sizing press can improve total productivity of continuous casting and hot strip mills.After sizing press and horizontal rolling, it is known that width around head and tail portions of slab are narrower than that of middle. These narrow portions, which are called “width drop”, cause yield loss. Therefore some technologies have been developed to prevent width drop.It is said that width drop results from difference of width spread in horizontal rolling depending on distribution of dog bone profile along rolling direction of slab. However some experimental and simulated data in some papers indicated width shrinkage with horizontal rolling of slabs whose cross sectional shape was dog bone profile. Although it is presumed that width drop is influenced by not only width spread but also width shrinkage, there are no papers which describe mechanism of width shrinkage clearly.In this paper, experiment and FE analysis of horizontal rolling with slabs which have dog bone profile were executed in order to investigate mechanism of width shrinkage. As the result of FE analysis, width shrinkage is influenced by area reduction ratio between width edge part and width center part. Furthermore longitudinal velocity distribution along width direction around head and tail portions cause width shrinkage during horizontal rolling.

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サイジングプレス幅圧下後の厚み分布が先尾端部の幅プロフィールに及ぼす影響

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Ni-C鋼の摩擦攪拌接合における攪拌部オーステナイトの集合組織発達と冷却中のマルテンサイト変態挙動に及ぼす接合条件の影響

三浦拓也, 潮田浩作, 藤井英俊

pp. 631-641

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2022-011

抄録

Friction stir welding (FSW) was performed under the two welding conditions (rotation speed - traveling speed) of 150 rpm - 100 mm/min and 200 rpm - 400 mm/min using 24%Ni - 0.1%C (mass%) steel. The rapid cooling utilizing liquid CO₂ was exploited to strictly evaluate the microstructural evolution of austenite in stir zone after FSW. In addition, the effect of the microstructural characteristics of austenite on martensitic transformation behavior during cooling were compared with that of 6%Ni - 0.63%C steel. Irrespective of the welding conditions, fine equiaxial grains with simple shear texture of {111}<110> orientation formed. At 200 rpm - 400 mm/min, finer grain formed without grain growth during cooling. On the other hand, at 150 rpm - 100 mm/min, recovery and grain growth occurred during relatively slow cooling after FSW. The grain growth preferentially proceeded presumably due to the strain-induced grain boundary migration of grain with lower dislocation density having {110}<110> orientation. Larger amount of retained austenite remained in the stir zone of 6%Ni - 0.63%C steel FSWed at 200 rpm - 400 mm/min due to both finer austenite grain size and higher dislocation density. Moreover, the influence of austenite grain orientation on the thermally induced martensitic transformation during cooling was revealed to be negligible, which is different from that of deformation induced martensitic transformation.

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Ni-C鋼の摩擦攪拌接合における攪拌部オーステナイトの集合組織発達と冷却中のマルテンサイト変態挙動に及ぼす接合条件の影響

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低合金鋼ラインパイプの低H₂S濃度サワー環境下における硫化物応力腐食割れ挙動

嶋村純二, 森川龍哉, 山﨑重人, 田中將己

pp. 642-655

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2022-013

抄録

Resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) caused by local hard zones of pipe inner surface has been required in low alloy linepipe steel. In this study, using two samples with different surface hardness, the detailed SSC initiation behavior was clarified by four-point bend (4PB) SSC tests in which immersion time and applied stress were changed in a sour environment containing 0.15 bar hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas. SSC cracks occurred when the applied stress was higher than 90% actual yield strength (AYS) in higher surface hardness samples over 270 HV0.1. From the fracture surface observation of SSC crack sample, it was found that the mechanism gradually shifted from active path corrosion (APC) to hydrogen embrittlement (HE), and that the influence of APC mechanism remained partially in the process of SSC initiation at the tip of corrosion pit or groove. The polarization measurement in the 4PB SSC test showed that the anodic and cathodic reactions (especially cathodic reactions) were activated when the applied stress was 90% AYS or higher. The FEM coupled analysis simulating the stress and strain concentration at the bottom tip of the corrosion groove and the hydrogen diffusion and accumulation was carried out. The principal stress in the tensile direction showed the maximum value at 0.04-0.06 mm away from the tip of the corrosion groove, and the hydrogen accumulation became the maximum. It was analytically found that the SSC crack initiated and propagated with HE mechanism dominated type when the threshold value of about 0.82 ppm is exceeded.

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低合金鋼ラインパイプの低H₂S濃度サワー環境下における硫化物応力腐食割れ挙動

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焼戻しマルテンサイト鋼におけるVおよびMo炭化物の水素トラップ

木南俊哉

pp. 656-665

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2022-007

抄録

The hydrogen trapping of V and Mo carbide precipitates were investigated using tempered martensitic steels (0.3%C-1.2%Cr and 0.2%V or 1.0%Mo), for the purpose of improving hydrogen embrittlement strength. The effect of tempering conditions on hydrogen trapping energy and trapped hydrogen content was studied. The trapped hydrogen content of V or Mo carbide was maximum value at the tempering temperature of 600°C for 1 hour and the trapped hydrogen content in Mo carbide was more dependent on tempering temperature than V carbide. In cases where the tempering time exceeded 1 hour at a tempering temperature 600°C, the trapped hydrogen content in Mo carbide decreased remarkably. At the tempering temperature of 600°C for 1 hour, the hydrogen trapping energy in V carbide was about 57 kJ/mol, which was a little higher than in Mo carbide. The V and Mo carbide at the tempering temperature of 600°C for 1 hour were identified cubic VC and MoC by TEM observation, respectively. The both form were plate-shaped with a width of about 1nm and a length of about 20 nm or less. At a tempering temperature of 650°C for 1 hour or 600°C for 24 hours, MoC was significantly reduced and precipitated rod-shaped hexagonal Mo₂C. It was presumed that this was the cause of the decrease in the hydrogen trapped content of Mo carbide under these tempering conditions.

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変形経路変化下の二相組織鋼の延性破壊挙動

鉄と鋼 Vol.108(2022), No.10

Fabrication of Al-Based Composite Extruded Plates Containing Cellulose Nanofibers and Their Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS Vol.63(2022), No.11

Fundamental Application of Basket Electrolysis Method for Black-Copper Anode

MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS Vol.63(2022), No.11

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焼戻しマルテンサイト鋼におけるVおよびMo炭化物の水素トラップ

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低合金TRIP鋼板の変形経路に依存したマルテンサイト変態のモデリング

安富隆, 川田裕之, 海藤宏志, 桜田栄作, 米村繁, 樋渡俊二, 庄司博人, 大畑充

pp. 666-678

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2022-017

抄録

The aim of this paper is to predict the deformation-induced martensitic transformation of the retained austenite in steels under various deformations, including loading-path changes, by using mesoscopic finite element analyses (FEAs). First, a TRIP steel was subjected to monotonic uniaxial tension and compression, as well as a couple of two-stage loadings to investigate the effect of loading direction and loading-path on transformation behavior experimentally. In monotonic loading, tension induced transformation at higher rate than compression did. Whereas, in two-stage loadings, the transformation progress was suspended immediately after the start of secondary loading. As the secondary tension proceeded, the transformation resumed and gradually accelerated toward the transformation rate for monotonic tension. These experimental results were analyzed by FEAs with a two-dimensional image of microstructure. The transformation rates under monotonic loading are well predicted by the simulation. It is also suggested that the difference in the transformation rate between tension and compression is mainly due to the volumetric expansion associated with martensitic transformation, and that the transformation behavior of the untransformed austenite is dominated by the distribution of the hard transformed martensite. In addition, the prediction of the transformation rate in secondary tension after pre-compression required the consideration of back stress in the austenite. The reproducibility of the transformation behavior just after the onset of secondary deformation was improved by the hypothesis that the equivalent value of back stress tensor at the transformation needs to exceed its maximum value in the past.

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低合金TRIP鋼板の変形経路に依存したマルテンサイト変態のモデリング

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低合金鋼の10万時間クリープ破断強度評価

澤田浩太, 谷内泰志, 関戸薫子, 野島健大, 木村一弘

pp. 679-685

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2022-048

抄録

Long-term creep rupture data of 0.5Cr-0.5Mo (STBA20), 1Cr-0.3Mo (KA-STBA21) and 1Cr-0.5Mo (STBA22) steels were analyzed to estimate 100,000 h creep rupture strength.The creep rupture data were fitted to the regression equation of logarithmic stress using the time-temperature parameters of Larson–Miller (LM), Orr–Sherby–Dorn (OSD) and Manson–Haferd (MH) to estimate the 100,000 h creep rupture strength. The appropriate parameter and degree of regression equation was MH-2nd degree and LM-4th degree for 1Cr-0.3Mo and 1Cr-0.5Mo steels, respectively. For 0.5Cr-0.5Mo steel, the creep rupture data under stresses lower than 80% of tensile strength was analyzed because the scatter band of the creep rupture data was very large under high stress regimes. The appropriate parameter and degree of regression equation was LM-3rd degree for the 0.5Cr-0.5Mo steel. It was confirmed that the creep rupture data up to 550°C should be used for evaluation of 100,000 h creep rupture strength because oxidation scale decreased creep rupture strength at 600°C or above. The allowable stress of the steels studied was estimated based on average and minimum values of 100,000 h creep rupture strength. The estimated allowable stresses were equal to or greater than current allowable stress of ASME boiler and pressure vessel code and Technical Standard for Thermal Power Plant in Japan.

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低合金鋼の10万時間クリープ破断強度評価

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多成分系フッ化物の溶融温度に関する現象論的理解

上島良之

pp. 686-692

DOI:

10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2022-009

抄録

A certain relation was found between melting temperature of multi-component fluorides and their bond strength index. It can be used as a convenient method to know the melting temperature of multi-component fluorides for which thermodynamic information is lacking. These results are similar to those of the previously reported multi-component oxides.

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三次元EBSD法とTEM観察法による低炭素鋼のα→γ変態の相界面の組織解析

鉄と鋼 Vol.107(2021), No.3

製鋼スラグからのクロム溶出─含Cr鉱物相および合成スラグ─

鉄と鋼 Vol.108(2022), No.11

フェライト・パーライト鋼中のTiNにおけるき裂生成の観察と定量化

鉄と鋼 Vol.108(2022), No.3

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多成分系フッ化物の溶融温度に関する現象論的理解

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21 Nov. (Last 30 Days)

In-situ Observation of Precipitation and Growth of MnS Inclusions during Solidification of a High Sulfur Steel

ISIJ International 早期公開
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ISIJ International 早期公開
Injection of hydrogenous gases into the blast furnace tuyeres for reducing CO₂ emissions: a review

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鉄と鋼 Vol. 108 (2022), No. 9

キーワードランキング

reduction caco3 in electric furnace

kinetics of decarburization of liquid iron with high concentration ofcarbon

kinetics of decarburization of liquid iron by ar-coz gasmixture

ahss

charpy impact chemistry

dual phase steel

foamy slag in eaf

kinetics of decarburization of liquid iron by

ladle furnace flicker

scm440

鉄と鋼 Vol. 108 (2022), No. 9

浴中に侵入する球体と流体の相互作用に関する数値解析

SNSによる共有

矩形波渦電流探傷試験による鋼板の透磁率変化のイメージング

SNSによる共有

SEM-FIB/EBSD法を用いたTRIP鋼中残留γ相の観察および安定性評価

SNSによる共有

サイジングプレス幅圧下後の厚み分布が先尾端部の幅プロフィールに及ぼす影響

SNSによる共有

Ni-C鋼の摩擦攪拌接合における攪拌部オーステナイトの集合組織発達と冷却中のマルテンサイト変態挙動に及ぼす接合条件の影響

SNSによる共有

低合金鋼ラインパイプの低H2S濃度サワー環境下における硫化物応力腐食割れ挙動

SNSによる共有

焼戻しマルテンサイト鋼におけるVおよびMo炭化物の水素トラップ

SNSによる共有

低合金TRIP鋼板の変形経路に依存したマルテンサイト変態のモデリング

SNSによる共有

低合金鋼の10万時間クリープ破断強度評価

SNSによる共有

多成分系フッ化物の溶融温度に関する現象論的理解

SNSによる共有

Contents

SNSによる共有

Cover

SNSによる共有

Editorial Board and Copyright Page

SNSによる共有

論文アクセスランキング

In-situ Observation of Precipitation and Growth of MnS Inclusions during Solidification of a High Sulfur Steel

Measurement of Bubble Size Distribution and Generation Position of Bubbles Generated during Smelting Reduction of Iron Oxide-containing Slag

Injection of hydrogenous gases into the blast furnace tuyeres for reducing CO2 emissions: a review

Development of a Low-carbon Sintering Process Technology and Its Application to a Pilot-scale Sintering Testing

凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl2O3上へのMnSの晶出挙動

Molecular dynamics simulation of viscosity of the CaO, MgO and Al2O3 melts

Fe–(0.5–2.0)%Al–2.0%Mn合金の一方向凝固におけるAlNの晶出挙動に及ぼすAl濃度の影響

凝固過程のミクロ偏析による溶質濃度分布の定量的理解

SOKD: A soft optimization knowledge distillation scheme for surface defects identification of hot-rolled strip

Reduction and Carburization Behaviors of Iron Oxide Composite with Iron Carbide and Free Carbon

詳細検索

低合金鋼ラインパイプの低H₂S濃度サワー環境下における硫化物応力腐食割れ挙動

Injection of hydrogenous gases into the blast furnace tuyeres for reducing CO₂ emissions: a review

凝固過程における溶鋼中からAl₂O₃上へのMnSの晶出挙動

Molecular dynamics simulation of viscosity of the CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ melts