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日本エネルギー学会誌 Vol. 93 (2014), No. 11

ISIJ International
belloff
オンライン版ISSN: 1882-6121
冊子版ISSN: 0916-8753
発行機関: The Japan Institute of Energy

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キーワードランキング

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日本エネルギー学会誌 Vol. 93 (2014), No. 11

Hydrogen Production from Glucose and Cellulose Using Radio Frequency In-Liquid Plasma and Ultrasonic Irradiation

Fadhli SYAHRIAL, Shinobu MUKASA, Hiromichi TOYOTA, Kei OKAMOTO, Shinfuku NOMURA

pp. 1207-1212

DOI:

10.3775/jie.93.1207

抄録

The purpose of this study is to efficiently produce hydrogen gas from saccharide using 27.12 MHz radiofrequency (RF) in-liquid plasma with and without ultrasonic irradiation. The experiments were conducted adopting two different ultrasonic frequencies, one from a 29 kHz horn-type ultrasonic transducer and the other from a 1.6 MHz piezoelectric transducer. The glucose solution and cellulose suspension concentrations were varied from 0.5 wt% to 50 wt% and 0.5 wt% to 20 wt% respectively. Hydrogen gas was then produced by the decomposition of the glucose solution and cellulose suspension by RF in-liquid plasma with and without ultrasonic irradiation. The hydrogen production rate from glucose solution with ultrasonic irradiation applied was greater than that without ultrasonic irradiation. However, no hydrogen production rate enhancement was observed from decomposition of cellulose suspension with ultrasonic irradiation applied. Ultrasonic atomization and agitation enhanced the chemical reaction of nonvolatile glucose in in-liquid plasma. The increase of the gas production rate was caused by the direct decomposition of the glucose by the plasma due to the atomized glucose molecules being fed into the plasma in a bubble. In addition, by using a high-speed camera, it was clarified that acoustic streaming occurred when a 1.6 MHz piezoelectric transducer was used in the experiment.

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褐炭液化前処理としての水熱処理および油添造粒による高濃度改質褐炭・溶剤スラリーの調製

井上 聡則, 大隈 修, 増田 薫, 安室 元晴, 三浦 孝一

pp. 1213-1219

DOI:

10.3775/jie.93.1213

抄録

Synergistic effect of hydrothermal treatment (HTT) and oil agglomeration (OA) was investigated as a preparation method of coal-solvent slurry for a brown coal liquefaction process (BCL process). OA is a method to collect coal particles from a coal-water slurry by agglomeration of the coal particles and a solvent added to the coal-water slurry. In this study, a brown coal was treated by HTT at 320 ℃, and the HTT coal in the coalwater slurry was collected by OA. The OA were effectively performed by using recycled solvents obtained in the BCL process, because they had high affinity with the coal. The contents of ash and water in the collected HTT coal decreased to approximately half and 1/5, respectively, after both HTT and OA. Consequently, combination of the HTT and OA was found to be an effective method in view points of dewatering, de-ashing and preparation of a highly concentrated coal-solvent slurry for the BCL process. These effects contribute to a realization of the stable long-term operation of the liquefaction plant and increase in the oil productivity of the process.

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褐炭液化前処理としての水熱処理および油添造粒による高濃度改質褐炭・溶剤スラリーの調製

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石灰石焼成炉内での塩素挙動に関する検討

浅沼 稔, 音成 光哉, 高島 暢宏, 甲田 直彦, 貞原 匡秀

pp. 1220-1226

DOI:

10.3775/jie.93.1220

抄録

To clarify the chlorine behavior of waste plastics injected into CaCO3 calcination furnace, destination of Cl was estimated by thermodynamic calculation. Calculation result showed that chlorine in waste plastics was discharged to the exhaust gas as HCl at 900 ℃ and Cl content in CaO was negligible thermodynamically. Next, chlorination/dechlorination test of CaO using an electric furnace and Cl containing waste plastics injection test into commercial CaCO3 calcination furnace have been carried out. In chlorination/dechlorination test in electric furnace, chlorination/dechlorination rate of CaO at 600 ℃ was faster than those at 900 ℃. From results of SEM measurement, CaCl2 formed on the surface of CaO was detected. It is considered that CaCl2 melted at 900 ℃ inhibited chlorinated / dechlorination reaction. In waste plastics injection test at commercial CaCO3 calcination process, Cl content in CaO was affected by waste plastics speed into furnace. In case of high speed injection of waste plastics, the residence time of CaCl2 in furnace was longer than that of low speed injection. Result of the analysis of off-gas and dust from furnace, showed that HCl was not in off-gas but high concentration of Cl was included in that fine dust. It was considered to have sufficient time to declorination reaction of CaCl2. Therefore, it is considered that most of Cl in waste plastics was discharged as a fine dust in the commercial process.

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石灰石焼成炉内での塩素挙動に関する検討

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Removal of Acid Gases from Biomass-to-Liquid Process Syngas Used as Raw Materials for Fischer-Tropsch Technology

Kreangkrai MANEEINTR, Thanaphat LUEMUNKONG, Tawatchai CHARINPANITKUL

pp. 1227-1231

DOI:

10.3775/jie.93.1227

抄録

Due to the high energy consumption and decreasing oil supply, the alternative energy sources such as biomass and agricultural waste can be considered as the main sources of energy in the future. Currently, one of the technologies to convert such biomass to more valuable products is biomass-to-liquid process. However, acid gases like CO2 and H2S are produced as intermediates causing the decrease in product heating values, operational problems, corrosion, and environmental concern. Therefore, the objective of this work is to simulate the absorption process of acid-gas cleaning by using various solutions at different operating conditions in order to meet the requirement. The results show that MDEA has higher performance to remove both gases compared to other chemicals. Furthermore, at 0.9 MPa and 25 °C, the treated gas provides 3.19 vol% CO2 and 27.7 ppb of H2S for MEA, 2.13 % CO2 and 0.02 ppb of H2S for MDEA and 7.45 % CO2 and 1.12*10-6 ppb of H2S for Selexol. Moreover, the liquid flow rate, solution concentration and effects of temperature and pressure are also investigated for the optimal design of the absorption column.

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Analysis of Drip Process on Foam Bed to Improve the Distillate Yield Rate on Pyramid Solar Still

R. JAYAPRAKASH, A. PRAKASH, D. K. DHAKARIYA, ANIMA, Sanjay KUMAR

pp. 1232-1235

DOI:

10.3775/jie.93.1232

抄録

Technology of solar distillation technology is well established. However, application of locally available material in a manner techno-economically conducive to distillation has been always a point of investigation. In this paper, design, development and experimental results of four sloped pyramid shape top cover solar still is presented. The principal objective has been to use locally available foams to increase the distillate output. Experiments are carried out under the climatic conditions of Coimbatore, India (11° North, 77° East) under typical clear sky days. The system designed and developed is operated into two modes, (i) with thin water layer on the absorber and (ii) with black colored foam of varying dimensions are used in basin bed. The stainless steel basin of length 98.6 cm, breath 98.6 cm and 12.5 cm is used for water storage. An increase in condensate due to capillary rise is observed. System was further evaluated by recording variation in foam temperature, cover temperature, air temperature, ambient temperature and distillate output.

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